Quantum leap in medical mentorship: exploring ChatGPT’s transition from textbooks to terabytes
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ChatGPT, an advanced AI language model, presents a transformative opportunity in several fields including the medical education. This article examines the integration of ChatGPT into healthcare learning environments, exploring its potential to revolutionize knowledge acquisition, personalize education, support curriculum development, and enhance clinical reasoning. The AI’s ability to swiftly access and synthesize medical information across various specialties offers significant value to students and professionals alike. It provides rapid answers to queries on medical theories, treatment guidelines, and diagnostic methods, potentially accelerating the learning curve. The paper emphasizes the necessity of verifying ChatGPT’s outputs against authoritative medical sources. A key advantage highlighted is the AI’s capacity to tailor learning experiences by assessing individual needs, accommodating diverse learning styles, and offering personalized feedback. The article also considers ChatGPT’s role in shaping curricula and assessment techniques, suggesting that educators may need to adapt their methods to incorporate AI-driven learning tools. Additionally, it explores how ChatGPT could bolster clinical problem-solving through AI-powered simulations, fostering critical thinking and diagnostic acumen among students. While recognizing ChatGPT’s transformative potential in medical education, the article stresses the importance of thoughtful implementation, continuous validation, and the establishment of protocols to ensure its responsible and effective application in healthcare education settings.
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Large language models can dynamically engage students in realistic, interactive patient encounters, potentially accelerating learning across clinical domains.
“large language models (LLMs) can dynamically engage students in realistic, interactive patient encounters, potentially accelerating learning across clinical domains (Chokkakula et al., 2025).”
From DIALOGUE: A Generative AI-Based Pre–Post Simulation Study to Enhance Diagnostic Communication in Medical Students Through Virtual Type 2 Diabetes Scenarios (2025) · cites this paper as Chokkakula et al., 2025
Generative AI tools can tailor educational experiences by analyzing individual learner profiles and adapting feedback to specific gaps and learning styles.
“A key advantage of these tools lies in their capacity to tailor educational experiences—analyzing individual learner profiles and adapting feedback to specific gaps and learning styles (Chokkakula et al., 2025).”
From DIALOGUE: A Generative AI-Based Pre–Post Simulation Study to Enhance Diagnostic Communication in Medical Students Through Virtual Type 2 Diabetes Scenarios (2025) · cites this paper as Chokkakula et al., 2025
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A bibliometric analysis of the rise of ChatGPT in medical research
Barrington, N. M., Gupta, N., Musmar, B., Doyle, D., Panico, N., Godbole, N., Reardon, T., & D’Amico, R. S. (2023) · Medical Sciences · doi:10.3390/medsci11030061 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Wiboolyasarin, W., Wiboolyasarin, K., Suwanwihok, K., Jinowat, N., & Muenjanchoey, R. (2024) · Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100228 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Enhancing healthcare education: leveraging ChatGPT for innovative simulation scenarios
Vaughn, J., Ford, S. H., Scott, M., Jones, C., & Lewinski, A. (2024) · Clinical Simulation in Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ecns.2023.101487 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
The Potential Applications and Challenges of ChatGPT in the Medical Field
Mu, Y.-L., & He, D. (2024) · International Journal of General Medicine · doi:10.2147/ijgm.s456659 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
ChatGPT can pass the AHA exams: Open-ended questions outperform multiple-choice format
Zhu, L., Mou, W., Yang, T., & Chen, R. (2023) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109783 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
The path forward for large language models in medicine is open
Riedemann, L., Labonne, M., & Gilbert, S. (2024) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01344-w · Cited by 65 · see citing works
You, Y., & Gui, X. (2021) · PubMed Central · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2101.04796 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
ChatGPT as a tool for medical education and clinical decision-making on the wards: Case study
Skryd, A., & Lawrence, K. (2024) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/51346 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Facilitating nursing and health education by incorporating ChatGPT into learning designs
Chang (2024) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · doi:10.30191/ets.202401_27(1).tp02 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Gravina, A. G., Pellegrino, R., Cipullo, M., Palladino, G., Imperio, G., Ventura, A., Auletta, S., Ciamarra, P., & Federico, A. (2024) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v30.i1.17 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Qawqzeh, Y. (2024) · International Journal of Information and Education Technology · doi:10.18178/ijiet.2024.14.4.2082 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Future of ADHD Care: Evaluating the Efficacy of ChatGPT in Therapy Enhancement
Berrezueta-Guzmán, J., Kandil, M., Martín-Ruiz, M.-L., Pau, I., & Krusche, S. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12060683 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Zaher, S., Otaki, F., Zary, N., Marzouqi, A. M. A., & Radhakrishnan, R. (2022) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-022-03571-9 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
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Enhancing AI competence in health management: students’ experiences with ChatGPT as a learning Tool
Naamati-Schneider, L. (2024) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-024-05595-9 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
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Artificial Intelligence in Education: The Power and Dangers of ChatGPT in the Classroom
Al-Marzouqi, A., Salloum, S. A., Al-Saidat, M., Aburayya, A., & Gupta, B. (2024) · Studies in big data · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-52280-2 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Garg, M., & Goel, A. (2021) · Computers & security · doi:10.1016/j.cose.2021.102544 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Revolutionizing Language Learning: How ChatGPT and AI are changing the Way We Learn Languages
Solak, E. (2024) · International Journal of Technology in Education · doi:10.46328/ijte.732 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Effective Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education
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Abouammoh, N., Alhasan, K., Raina, R., Malki, K. A., Aljamaan, F., Tamimi, I., Muaygil, R., Wahabi, H., Jamal, A., Al-Tawfiq, J. A., et al. (2023) · doi:10.1101/2023.07.13.23292624 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The Importance of Proper Use of ChatGPT in Medical Writing
Koo, M. (2023) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.230312 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
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The Application of ChatGPT in Medicine: A Scoping Review and Bibliometric Analysis
Wu, J., Ma, Y., Wang, J., & Xiao, M. (2024) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare · doi:10.2147/jmdh.s463128 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
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Quality of ChatGPT Responses to Questions Related To Liver Transplantation
Endo, Y., Sasaki, K., Moazzam, Z., Lima, H. A., Schenk, A. D., Limkemann, A. J. P., Washburn, W. K., & Pawlik, T. M. (2023) · Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11605-023-05714-9 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
A systematic review on critical thinking in medical education
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Chauke, T. A., Mkhize, T. R., Methi, L. M., & Dlamini, N. P. (2024) · Journal of Curriculum Studies Research · doi:10.46303/jcsr.2024.4 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Tong, W., Guan, Y., Chen, J., Huang, X., Zhong, Y., Zhang, C., & Zhang, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1237432 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
ChatGPT: when the artificial intelligence meets standardized patients in clinical training
Liu, X., Wu, C., Lai, R., Lin, H., Xu, Y., Lin, Y., & Zhang, W. (2023) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-023-04314-0 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
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Keep Calm and Do Not Carry-Forward: Toward Sensor-Data Driven AI Agent to Enhance Human Learning
Sharma, K., Lee‐Cultura, S., & Giannakos, M. N. (2022) · Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.3389/frai.2021.713176 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
McMahon, H. V., & McMahon, B. D. (2024) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2024.1287186 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Sifat, R. I. (2023) · Annals of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10439-023-03204-2 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
ChatGPT as an innovative heutagogical tool in medical education
Saleem, N., Mufti, T. F., Sohail, S., & Madsen, D. (2024) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2024.2332850 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
ChatGPT integration significantly boosts personalized learning outcomes: A Philippine study
Agbong-Coates, I. J. (2024) · International Journal of Educational Management and Development Studies · doi:10.53378/353067 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
ChatGPT applications in Academic Research: A Review of Benefits, Concerns, and Recommendations
AlZaabi, A., ALAmri, A., Albalushi, H., Aljabri, R., & AalAbdulsalam, A. (2023) · doi:10.1101/2023.08.17.553688 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Knoedler, L., Knoedler, S. A., Hoch, C. C., Prantl, L., Frank, K., Soiderer, L., Cotofana, S. C., Dorafshar, A. H., Schenck, T. L., Vollbach, F. H., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-63997-7 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Innovations in Medicine: Exploring ChatGPT’s Impact on Rare Disorder Management
Zampatti, S., Peconi, C., Megalizzi, D., Calvino, G., Trastulli, G., Cascella, R., Strafella, C., Caltagirone, C., & Giardina, E. (2024) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes15040421 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The power of ChatGPT in revolutionizing rural healthcare delivery
Ahmed, S. K., Hussein, S. H., Aziz, T. A., Chakraborty, S., Islam, M. R., & Dhama, K. (2023) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.1684 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Revolutionizing Medical Education: Empowering Learning with ChatGPT
Salloum, A., Alfaisal, R., & Salloum, S. A. (2024) · Studies in big data · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-52280-2_6 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Harnessing the power of ChatGPT in medical education
Guo, A. A., & Li, J. (2023) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/0142159x.2023.2198094 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
How Good Is ChatGPT in Giving Advice on Your Visualization Design?
Kim, N. W., Ahn, Y., Myers, G., & Bach, B. (2025) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/3745768 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Morocco-Clarke, A., Sodangi, F. A., & Momodu, F. (2023) · Information & Communications Technology Law · doi:10.1080/13600834.2023.2239623 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The Role of ChatGPT in Medical Research: Progress and Limitations
Ashraf, H., & Ashfaq, H. (2023) · Annals of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10439-023-03311-0 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Beyond Generating Code: Evaluating GPT on a Data Visualization Course
Chen, Z., Zhang, C., Wang, Q., Troidl, J., Warchol, S., Beyer, J., Gehlenborg, N., & Pfister, H. (2023) · IEEE VIS Workshop on Visualization Education, Literacy, and Activities (EduVis) · doi:10.1109/eduvis60792.2023.00009 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
ChatGPT and medicine: a potential threat to science or a step towards the future?
Souza, L. L. D., Fonseca, F. P., Martins, M. D., de Almeida, O. P., Pontes, H. A. R., Coracin, F. L., Lopes, M. A., Khurram, S. A., Santos-Silva, A. R., Hagag, A., et al. (2023) · Journal of Medical Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.21037/jmai-23-70 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Ireland, S. (2023) · Acta Informatica Medica · doi:10.5455/aim.2023.31.300-305 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Sharma, D. (2024) · Business and Professional Communication Quarterly · doi:10.1177/23294906241254780 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Exploring the Acceptance of ChatGPT for Translation: An Extended TAM Model Approach
Salloum, S. A., Aljanada, R. A., Alfaisal, A. M., Saidat, M. R. A., & Alfaisal, R. (2024) · Studies in big data · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-52280-2_33 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Accelerating medical education with ChatGPT: an implementation guide
Peacock, J. G., Austin, A. L., Shapiro, M., Battista, A., & Samuel, A. (2023) · MedEdPublish · doi:10.12688/mep.19732.1 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The complex ethics of applying ChatGPT and language model artificial intelligence in dermatology
Ferreira, A. L., & Lipoff, J. B. (2023) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2023.05.054 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Ethical Implications of Using ChatGPT in Educational Environments: A Comprehensive Review
Marzouqi, A. M. A., Aburayya, A., Alfaisal, R., Elbadawi, M. A., & Salloum, S. A. (2024) · Studies in big data · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-52280-2_13 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The Future of Pediatric Care: AI and ML as Catalysts for Change in Genetic Syndrome Management
Ghunaim, L., Agha, A. S. A. A., Al-Samydai, A. M., & Aburjai, T. A. (2024) · Jordan Medical Journal · doi:10.35516/jmj.v58i4.2787 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Accelerating medical education with ChatGPT: an implementation guide
Peacock, J. G., Austin, A. L., Shapiro, M., Battista, A., & Samuel, A. (2023) · MedEdPublish · doi:10.12688/mep.19732.2 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Ellaway, R. (2016) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1007/s10459-016-9724-3 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Zarei, M., Zarei, M., Hamzehzadeh, S., Oliyaei, S. S. B., & Hosseini, M. (2024) · Shiraz E-Medical Journal · doi:10.5812/semj-145840 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Ruksakulpiwat, S., Phianhasin, L., Benjasirisan, C., Ding, K., Ajibade, A., Kumar, A., & Stewart, C. (2024) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/51526 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Pizzolla, I., Aro, R., Duez, P., Lièvre, B. D., & Briganti, G. (2023) · The Journal of Interactive Learning Research · doi:10.70725/265312mqoebd · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Using ChatGPT in Simulation Design: What Can (or Should) It Do for You?
Harder, N. (2023) · Clinical Simulation in Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ecns.2023.02.011 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Sallam, M., Al‐Farajat, A., & Egger, J. (2024) · Jordan Medical Journal · doi:10.35516/jmj.v58i1.2285 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Advancing Medical Practice with Artificial Intelligence: ChatGPT in Healthcare.
Tessler, I., Wolfovitz, A., Livneh, N., Gecel, N. A., Sorin, V., Barash, Y., Konen, E., & Klang, E. (2024) · PubMed · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Tailoring EFL lessons through materials adaptation: A look into an Acehnese teacher’s experiences
Hanifa, R., & Yusra, S. R. (2023) · LingTera · doi:10.21831/lt.v10i1.58035 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Lingo, R. (2023) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2308.02045 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Implementation and evaluation of an optimized surgical clerkship teaching model utilizing ChatGPT
Huang, Y., Xu, B., Wang, X., Luo, Y.-C., Teng, M.-M., & Weng, X. (2024) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-024-06575-9 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Global trends and hotspots of ChatGPT in medical research: a bibliometric and visualized study
Liu, L., Qu, S., Zhao, H., Kong, L., Xie, Z., Jiang, Z., & Zou, P. (2024) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1406842 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Ethics and Improvement: Undergraduate Students’ Use of Artificial Intelligence in Academic Endeavors
Parker, L., Carter, C. W., Karakas, A. L., Loper, A., & Sokkar, A. (2023) · International Journal of Intelligent Computing Research · doi:10.20533/ijicr.2042.4655.2023.0146 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Alnaim, N. M., Alsanad, D. S., Albelali, S., Almulhem, M., Almuhanna, A., Attar, R. W., Alsahli, M. A., Albagmi, S., Bakhshwain, A. M., Almazrou, S. H., et al. (2024) · Nutrition and Health · doi:10.1177/02601060241273596 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Exploring the Impact of ChatGPT on Student Interactions in Computer-Supported Collaborative LearningPreprint
Kim, H. K., Nayak, S., Roknaldin, A., Zhang, X., Twyman, M. D., & Lu, S. C.-Y. (2024) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2403.07082 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
ChatGPT in Medical Education: Promoting Learning or Killing Critical Thinking?
Wong, R. S.-Y. (2024) · Education in Medicine Journal · doi:10.21315/eimj2024.16.2.13 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Kıyak, Y. S., & Emekli, E. (2024) · Revista Española de Educación Médica · doi:10.6018/edumed.612381 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Advances in large language models: ChatGPT expands the horizons of neuroscience
Arachchige, A. S. P. M., Chebaro, K., & Jelmoni, A. J. M. (2023) · STEM Education · doi:10.3934/steme.2023016 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
AI-Powered Content Creation and Curriculum Development Based on Learning Styles
Hoffman, G., & Budree, A. (2024) · Advances in educational technologies and instructional design book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-1310-7.ch004 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Otaki, B., & Lindwall, O. (2024) · Proceedings. · doi:10.22318/icls2024.230928 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A Tool for Reporting and Evaluation of Incidents in External Beam Radiation Therapy
Ribeiro, A. L. C., Teixeira, F. C. S., & Paiva, E. D. S. (2019) · Trends journal of sciences research · doi:10.31586/radiology.0403.01 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Using ChatGPT for Data Science Analyses
Evkaya, O., & de Carvalho, M. (2026) · Harvard Data Science Review · doi:10.1162/99608f92.c9429f07 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [133]Zhou Hongjian Liu Fenglin Gu Boyang Zou Xinyu Huang Jinfa Wu Jinge. A survey of large language models in medicine: progress, application, and challenge. arXiv preprint arXiv:2311.05112 (2023). · arXiv
- [148]Evkaya Ozan de Carvalho Miguel. Decoding AI: the inside story of data analysis in ChatGPT. arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.08480 (2024). · arXiv
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A generative AI teaching assistant for personalized learning in medical education
Thesen, T., & Park, S. H. (2025) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02022-1 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Suárez-García, R. X., Chavez-Castañeda, Q., Orrico-Pérez, R., Valencia-Marin, S., Castañeda-Ramírez, A. E., Quiñones-Lara, E., Ramos-Cortés, C. A., Gaytán-Gómez, A. M., Cortés-Rodríguez, J., Jarquín-Ramírez, J., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education · doi:10.3390/ejihpe15080152 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“A key advantage of these tools lies in their capacity to tailor educational experiences—analyzing individual learner profiles and adapting feedback to specific gaps and learning styles (Chokkakula et al., 2025).”
InfluentialGenerative AI for clinical reasoning: A scoping review
Liu, Y.-M., Chou, C.-C., Jaing, T.-H., & Okoli, C. T. C. (2026) · Teaching and Learning in Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.teln.2025.08.008 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
AI in Digital Education: A Review
Liu, M., & Liu, S. L. (2025) · International Conference on Implementing Generative AI into Telecommunication and Digital Innovation · doi:10.1145/3771792.3773893 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Spatial AI in cancer: mapping immune evasion topology through multi-modal omics and deep learning
Lang, L., Cui, Y., Wang, H., & Xiao, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2026.1762907 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
ChatGPT and Large Language Models in Contemporary Nursing
Uchmanowicz, I., Aldossary, H. M., Lee, C. S., Figura, M., Jędrzejczyk, M., Maria, M. D., Pucciarelli, G., Molka, E., Straiton, N., & Kołtuniuk, A. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.70490 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Editorial: Studying the immune microenvironment of liver cancer using artificial intelligence
Zhang, D., Chen, J.-L., Yang, B.-R., & Yang, B. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1679921 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationShen, M., Xue, S., Liu, F., & Lang, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1776845 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Yin, C., Sun, X., Dai, A., Ye, X., Lu, Y., Wang, W., Chen, Y., Jiang, H., Yu, J., Chong, S., et al. (2026) · APL Bioengineering · doi:10.1063/5.0299327 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationEchoes of care: A hauntological and caring framework for AI-supported documentation
Gutierrez, M. G. R., Esteron, J. V., & Penullar, W. S. (2025) · Teaching and learning in nursing · doi:10.1016/j.teln.2025.09.015
Transforming Dental Education Through Team-Based Learning and Artificial Intelligence
Hamzah, T. T., Goh, Y., & Malik, A. S. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-0275-6_21-1
Kang, H. Y., Woo, S. H., & Kim, H. J. (2026) · Daehan imsang geon-gang jeungjin hakoeji/Daehan imsang geon'gang jeungjin haghoeji · doi:10.15384/kjhp.2026.00304
- Authors
- Chokkakula, S., Chong, S., Yang, B., Jiang, H., Yu, J., Han, R., Attitalla, I. H., Yin, C., & Zhang, S.
- Affiliations
- Chungbuk National University (KR)
- University of Macau (MO)
- Krirk University (TH)
- Jinan University (CN)
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center (CN)
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CN)
- Omar Al-Mukhtar University (LY)
- Chinese PLA General Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Yin, Chengliang
- Zhang, Shuyao
- ORCID
- Venue
- Frontiers in Medicine
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2025-04-28
- Volume
- 12
- Pages
- 1517981-1517981
- ISSN
- 2296-858X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC12079582
- OpenAlex
- W4409890149
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 176
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6
- FWCI
- 0.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Artificial Intelligence in Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Innovations in Medical Education
- Keywords
- ChatGPT, large language models, medical education, personalized learning, curriculum development, clinical reasoning, clinical problem solving, AI simulation, responsible AI use
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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