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Giardia spp. and the Gut Microbiota: Dangerous Liaisons

Fekete, Elena, Allain, Thibault, Siddiq, Affan, Sosnowski, Olivia, Buret, Andre G.·2021·Frontiers in Microbiology
DOI 10.3389/fmicb.2020.618106PMC PMC7835142
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Abstract

Alteration of the intestinal microbiome by enteropathogens is commonly associated with gastrointestinal diseases and disorders and has far-reaching consequences for overall health. Significant advances have been made in understanding the role of microbial dysbiosis during intestinal infections, including infection with the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis , one of the most prevalent gut protozoa. Altered species composition and diversity, functional changes in the commensal microbiota, and changes to intestinal bacterial biofilm structure have all been demonstrated during the course of Giardia infection and have been implicated in Giardia pathogenesis. Conversely, the gut microbiota has been found to regulate parasite colonization and establishment and plays a critical role in immune modulation during mono and polymicrobial infections. These disruptions to the commensal microbiome may contribute to a number of acute, chronic, and post-infectious clinical manifestations of giardiasis and may account for variations in disease presentation within and between infected populations. This review discusses recent advances in characterizing Giardia -induced bacterial dysbiosis in the gut and the roles of dysbiosis in Giardia pathogenesis.

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Figure 1 Dysbiosis in humans and animals upon Giardia duodenalis infection. Changes in gut microbiota taxa composition upon Giardia duodenalis infection in live hosts: (A) human, (B) gut microbiota biofilms isolated from human biopsies exposed to Giardia and administered to germ free mice, (C) dogs, (D) cats, and (E) mouse. Enriched taxa are indicated by a green arrow. Decreased taxa are indicated by a red arrow. ATB = antibiotic treatment; * = phylum; + = class; $ = family # = genus; 1 = patients with severe malabsorption; 2 = taxa both enriched and decreased in separate studies. Microbiota dysbiosis in response to Giardia muris infections (i.e., Yordanova et al., 2019) is not represented in this figure.
Figure 1 Dysbiosis in humans and animals upon Giardia duodenalis infection. Changes in gut microbiota taxa composition upon Giardia duodenalis infection in live hosts: (A) human, (B) gut microbiota biofilms isolated from human biopsies exposed to Giardia and administered to germ free mice, (C) dogs, (D) cats, and (E) mouse. Enriched taxa are indicated by a green arrow. Decreased taxa are indicated by a red arrow. ATB = antibiotic treatment; * = phylum; + = class; $ = family # = genus; 1 = patients with severe malabsorption; 2 = taxa both enriched and decreased in separate studies. Microbiota dysbiosis in response to Giardia muris infections (i.e., Yordanova et al., 2019) is not represented in this figure.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Fekete, E., Allain, T., Siddiq, A., Sosnowski, O., & Buret, A. G.
Venue
Frontiers in Microbiology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2021-01-12
Volume
11
ISSN
1664-302X
DOI
10.3389/fmicb.2020.618106
PMC
PMC7835142
Cited by
86
References
11
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)

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