Optogenetic perturbations reveal the dynamics of an oculomotor integrator
Open accessAbstract
Many neural systems can store short-term information in persistently firing neurons. Such persistent activity is believed to be maintained by recurrent feedback among neurons. This hypothesis has been fleshed out in detail for the oculomotor integrator (OI) for which the so-called "line attractor" network model can explain a large set of observations. Here we show that there is a plethora of such models, distinguished by the relative strength of recurrent excitation and inhibition. In each model, the firing rates of the neurons relax toward the persistent activity states. The dynamics of relaxation can be quite different, however, and depend on the levels of recurrent excitation and inhibition. To identify the correct model, we directly measure these relaxation dynamics by performing optogenetic perturbations in the OI of zebrafish expressing halorhodopsin or channelrhodopsin. We show that instantaneous, inhibitory stimulations of the OI lead to persistent, centripetal eye position changes ipsilateral to the stimulation. Excitatory stimulations similarly cause centripetal eye position changes, yet only contralateral to the stimulation. These results show that the dynamics of the OI are organized around a central attractor state-the null position of the eyes-which stabilizes the system against random perturbations. Our results pose new constraints on the circuit connectivity of the system and provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying persistent activity.
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Persistent activity in the oculomotor integrator is generated independently by each half of the brain.
“physiological studies indicating that persistent activity in the oculomotor integrator is generated independently by each half of the brain20,43,44.”
From Predicting modular functions and neural coding of behavior from a synaptic wiring diagram (2024) · cites this paper as [44]
Materials and methods (Unilateral inactivation; page not provided) reports that neurons on the intact side remain stable after the other side is silenced, but only for the contralateral half of the motor range. Results (Network models of the oculomotor integrator; page not provided) also describes coupling between the sides by mutual inhibition. The paper therefore supports some independent maintenance of persistent activity, not the unqualified claim that each half generates it independently. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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- Authors
- Gonçalves, P. J., Arrenberg, A. B., Hablitzel, B., Baier, H., & Machens, C. K.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Arrenberg, Aristides B.
- Machens, Christian K.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neural Circuits
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 10-10
- ISSN
- 1662-5110 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3937552
- OpenAlex
- W2098004449
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 1.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Neural Circuits (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Max Planck Digital Library (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft ((EXC 294))
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- National Institutes of Health (33210, NIH-R01)
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/33210/2007)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS053358)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- persistent activity, relaxation dynamics, optogenetic perturbation, halorhodopsin, channelrhodopsin, eye position, zebrafish, circuit connectivity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Eye Movements, Models, Neurological, Neurons, Oculomotor Nerve, Zebrafish, Animals, Genetically Modified, Optogenetics
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