Beyond allostatic load: Rethinking the role of stress in regulating human development

Ellis, Bruce J.; Del Giudice, Marco

doi:10.1017/s0954579413000849

Cited by 290Stress Responses and CortisolChild Abuse and TraumaChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

Beyond allostatic load: Rethinking the role of stress in regulating human development

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Ellis, Bruce J., Del Giudice, Marco·2014·Development and Psychopathology

DOI 10.1017/s0954579413000849

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Abstract

How do exposures to stress affect biobehavioral development and, through it, psychiatric and biomedical disorder? In the health sciences, the allostatic load model provides a widely accepted answer to this question: stress responses, while essential for survival, have negative long-term effects that promote illness. Thus, the benefits of mounting repeated biological responses to threat are traded off against costs to mental and physical health. The adaptive calibration model, an evolutionary–developmental theory of stress–health relations, extends this logic by conceptualizing these trade-offs as decision nodes in allocation of resources. Each decision node influences the next in a chain of resource allocations that become instantiated in the regulatory parameters of stress response systems. Over development, these parameters filter and embed information about key dimensions of environmental stress and support, mediating the organism's openness to environmental inputs, and function to regulate life history strategies to match those dimensions. Drawing on the adaptive calibration model, we propose that consideration of biological fitness trade-offs, as delineated by life history theory, is needed to more fully explain the complex relations between developmental exposures to stress, stress responsivity, behavioral strategies, and health. We conclude that the adaptive calibration model and allostatic load model are only partially complementary and, in some cases, support different approaches to intervention. In the long run, the field may be better served by a model informed by life history theory that addresses the adaptive role of stress response systems in regulating alternative developmental pathways.

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Chronic stress causes long-term activation of the HPA axis, accompanied by permanent depletion of receptors and loss of hippocampal neurons.
“Chronic stress causes long-term activation of the HPA axis [558], accompanied by permanent depletion of receptors and loss of hippocampal neurons [559].”
From Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (2020) · cites this paper as [558]

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Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease
Guo, T., Zhang, D., Zeng, Y., Huang, T. Y., Xu, H., & Zhao, Y. (2020) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-020-00391-7 · Cited by 994 · see citing works
Rethinking minority stress: A social safety perspective on the health effects of stigma in sexually-diverse and gender-diverse populations
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Authors: Ellis, B. J., & Del Giudice, M.
Affiliations: University of Arizona (US)
Corresponding author: Ellis, Bruce J.
ORCID: Ellis, Bruce J.
Venue: Development and Psychopathology
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2013-11-26
Volume: 26
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-20
ISSN: 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
1469-2198
DOI: 10.1017/s0954579413000849
OpenAlex: W2138738783
Cited by: 290
References: 214
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 13
FWCI: 1.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: other-oa
www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations: Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Institutional Research Information System University of Turin (University of Turin) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
ArTS Archivio della ricerca di Trieste (University of Trieste https://www.units.it/) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH077687)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: allostatic load, stress system, life history theory, stress responsivity, resource allocation trade-offs, stress and health
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Physiological, Child, Child Development, Humans, Models, Theoretical, Stress, Physiological, Stress, Psychological, Allostasis

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Beyond allostatic load: Rethinking the role of stress in regulating human development

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