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Self-soothing behaviors with particular reference to oxytocin release induced by non-noxious sensory stimulation
Open accessAbstract
Oxytocin, a hypothalamic nonapeptide, is linked to increased levels of social interaction, well-being and anti-stress effects. The effects of oxytocin that is released by sensory stimulation during different kinds of interactive behaviors are often underestimated or even forgotten. In fact, many of the positive effects caused during interaction, such a wellbeing, stress reduction and even health promotion, are indeed linked to oxytocin released in response to activation of various types of sensory nerves. Oxytocin is released in response to activation of sensory nerves during labor, breastfeeding and sexual activity. In addition oxytocin is released in response to low intensity stimulation of the skin, e.g., in response to touch, stroking, warm temperature, etc. Consequently oxytocin is not only released during interaction between mothers and infants, but also during positive interaction between adults or between humans and animals. Finally oxytocin is also released in response to suckling and food intake. Oxytocin released in the brain in response to sensory stimulation as a consequence of these types of interactive behaviors, contributes to every day wellbeing and ability to handle stress. Food intake or sex may be used or even abused to achieve oxytocin-linked wellbeing and stress relief to compensate for lack of good relationships or when the levels of anxiety are high. The present review article will summarize the role played by oxytocin released by sensory (in particular somatosensory) stimulation, during various kinds of interactive behaviors. Also the fact that the anti-stress effects of oxytocin are particularly strong when oxytocin is released in response to "low intensity" stimulation of the skin will be highlighted.
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“Together with caregiver warmth and odor, positive touch induces the release of oxytocin (Uvnäs-Moberg et al., 1987), which is particularly evident in both members of the mother-infant dyad immediately after birth (Uvnäs-Moberg et al., 2015; Moberg et al., 2020).”
From The evolved nest, oxytocin functioning, and prosocial development (2023) · cites this paper as Uvnäs-Moberg et al. (2015)
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“In contrast, oxytocin increases the activity in the parasympathetic nervous system, which, e.g., leads to increased heart rate variability (HRV) and stimulation of digestive, anabolic, and restorative functions (Uvnäs-Moberg et al., 2015).”
From The Oxytocinergic System as a Mediator of Anti-stress and Instorative Effects Induced by Nature: The Calm and Connection Theory (2021) · cites this paper as Uvnäs-Moberg et al., 2015
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“It stimulates social interaction, facilitates bonding between individuals, exerts powerful anti-stress effects, and also exerts restorative/healing functions, including stimulation of growth (Uvnäs-Moberg et al., 2015).”
From The Oxytocinergic System as a Mediator of Anti-stress and Instorative Effects Induced by Nature: The Calm and Connection Theory (2021) · cites this paper as Uvnäs-Moberg et al., 2015
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Williams, J. S., Fattori, M. R., Honeyborne, I. R., & Ritz, S. A. (2023) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105442 · Cited by 34
Handlin, L., Novembre, G., Lindholm, H., Kämpe, R., Paul, E. R., & Morrison, I. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.81197 · Cited by 33
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“, 1987), which is particularly evident in both members of the mother-infant dyad immediately after birth (Uvnäs-Moberg et al., 2015; Moberg et al., 2020).”
BackgroundUvnäs‐Moberg, K., Groß, M. M., Agius, A., Downe, S. M., & Calleja‐Agius, J. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21249503 · Cited by 26
Self-citationPlasma oxytocin and personality traits in psychiatric outpatients
Bendix, M., Uvnäs‐Moberg, K., Petersson, M., Gustavsson, P. J., Svanborg, P., Åsberg, M., & Jokinen, J. (2015) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.04.003 · Cited by 26
Self-citationAdevi, A. A., Uvnäs-Moberg, K., & Grahn, P. (2018) · Urban Forestry & Urban Greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2018.02.010 · Cited by 24
Self-citationGrinevich, V., & Charlet, A. (2017) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001006 · Cited by 24
Shimao, M., Matsumura, K., Tsuchida, A., Kasamatsu, H., Hamazaki, K., Inadera, H., & the Japan Environment and Children's Study Group (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.011 · Cited by 26
Brain Plasticity during Adolescence: Effects of Stress, Sleep, Sex and Sounds on Decision Making
Kanwal, J. S. (2016) · Anatomy & Physiology · doi:10.4172/2161-0940.1000e135 · Cited by 24
Neurogenetic Mechanisms of Self-Compassionate Mindfulness: the Role of Oxytocin-Receptor Genes
Wang, Y., Fan, L., Zhu, Y., Yang, J., Wang, C., Gu, L., Zhong, S., Huang, Y., Xie, X., Zhou, H., et al. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01141-7 · Cited by 26
Affective touch in the context of development, oxytocin signaling, and autism
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Rodovanski, G. P., Réus, B. A. B., & dos Santos, A. N. (2022) · Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2022.100468 · Cited by 23
Social Touch Reduces Pain Perception—An fMRI Study of Cortical Mechanisms
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Handlin, L., Nilsson, A. C., Lidfors, L., Petersson, M., & Uvnäs‐Moberg, K. (2018) · Anthrozoös · doi:10.1080/08927936.2018.1505268 · Cited by 24
Self-citationDessì, A., Pianese, G., Mureddu, P., Fanos, V., & Bosco, A. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16142285 · Cited by 32
Metadata
- Authors
- Uvnäs-Moberg, K., Handlin, L., & Petersson, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Skövde (SE)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2015-01-12
- Volume
- 5
- Pages
- 1529-1529
- ISSN
- 1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4290532
- OpenAlex
- W1970572311
- Cited by
- 351
- References
- 158
- Citations by year
- 2026: 35 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 9
- FWCI
- 35.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University Library of Skövde (University of Skövde) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- oxytocin, somatosensory stimulation, cutaneous stimulation, stress reduction, well-being, social interaction, touch, warm temperature, dietary intake, sexual activity, mother-infant interaction, anti-stress effects
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