CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 33Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesFunctional Brain Connectivity StudiesAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

Abnormal default system functioning in depression: implications for emotion regulation

Open access
Messina, Irene, Bianco, Francesca, Cusinato, Maria, Calvo, Vincenzo, Sambin, Marco·2016·Frontiers in Psychology
DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00858PMC PMC4901076
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Depression is widely seen as the result of difficulties in regulating emotions. Based on neuroimaging studies on voluntary emotion regulation, neurobiological models have focused on the concept of cognitive control, considering emotion regulation as a shift toward involving controlled processes associated with activation of the prefrontal and parietal executive areas, instead of responding automatically to emotional stimuli. According to such models, the weaker executive area activation observed in depressed patients is attributable to a lack of cognitive control over negative emotions. Going beyond the concept of cognitive control, psychodynamic models describe the development of individuals' capacity to regulate their emotional states in mother-infant interactions during childhood, through the construction of the representation of the self, others, and relationships. In this mini-review, we link these psychodynamic models with recent findings regarding the abnormal functioning of the default system in depression. Consistently with psychodynamic models, psychological functions associated with the default system include self-related processing, semantic processes, and implicit forms of emotion regulation. The abnormal activation of the default system observed in depression may explain the dysfunctional aspects of emotion regulation typical of the condition, such as an exaggerated negative self-focus and rumination on self-esteem issues. We also discuss the clinical implications of these findings with reference to the therapeutic relationship as a key tool for revisiting impaired or distorted representations of the self and relational objects.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00858

Cites

122 of 122 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • One should expect direct changes in default mode network and implicit emotional regulation regions involved in self-referential processing.

    “They therefore postulated that one should expect direct changes in default mode network and implicit emotional regulation regions which are involved in self-referential processing.”

    From Meta-analyses of the neural mechanisms and predictors of response to psychotherapy in depression and anxiety (2018) · cites this paper as Messina et al., 2016

  • Messina et al. proposed an alternative neural model of action of psychological therapy, focusing on psychodynamic therapy models.

    “Messina et al. proposed an alternative neural model of action of psychological therapy, albeit with a focus on psychodynamic therapy models (Messina et al., 2016).”

    From Meta-analyses of the neural mechanisms and predictors of response to psychotherapy in depression and anxiety (2018) · cites this paper as Messina et al., 2016

  • The dual-process model ignores that psychodynamic therapy aims to regulate emotional states through resolution of early childhood parental interactions and challenging negative representation of self and others in relationships.

    “They highlighted that the dual-process model ignores that psychodynamic therapy aims to regulate emotional states, not only by strengthening executive control but through the resolution of early childhood parental interactions and challenging negative representation of the self and others in relationships.”

    From Meta-analyses of the neural mechanisms and predictors of response to psychotherapy in depression and anxiety (2018) · cites this paper as Messina et al., 2016

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Freud A. Burlingham D. (1974). Infants Without Families and Reports on the Hampstead Nurseries, 1939-1945 / by Anna Freud, in Collaboration with Dorothy Burlingham. London: Hogarth Press.
  2. Kohut H. (1971). The Analysis of the Self. New York: University Press.
  3. Raichle M. E. MacLeod A. M. Snyder A. Z. Powers W. J. Gusnard D. A. Shulman G. L. (2001b). A default mode of brain function. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 676– 682. 10.1073/pnas.98.2.676 11209064 PMC14647 · DOI · Paper page
  4. Winnicott D. W. (1965). “ Studies in the theory of emotional development,” in The Maturational Processes and the Facilitating Environment, ed. Khan M. M. R. (London: Hogarth Press), 37– 55.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Messina, I., Bianco, F., Cusinato, M., Calvo, V., & Sambin, M.
Affiliations
University of Padua (IT)
Corresponding author
Messina, Irene
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Psychology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2016-06-10
Volume
7
Pages
858-858
ISSN
1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00858
PMC
PMC4901076
OpenAlex
W2417955141
Cited by
33
References
122
Citations by year
2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1
FWCI
0.39
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords
depression, default mode network, emotion regulation, cognitive control, psychodynamic model, self-representation, rumination, self-esteem, implicit emotion regulation, therapeutic relationship, mother-infant interaction, executive function

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review