Serological Survey of Canine Vector-Borne Infections in North-Center Spain
Open accessAbstract
Various factors are currently causing an increase in vector-borne parasitic diseases at a global scale; among them, some stand out, such as climatic disturbances derived from global change, the increase in movements of reservoir animals, or changes in land made by human activity. In the European continent, there have been an increasing number of epidemiological studies focused on the detection of these diseases, especially in dogs. In Spain, there are few epidemiological studies focused on the evaluation of the biotic and abiotic factors that may influence the distribution, such as climatic zones, orography, or presence of water reservoirs. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and distribution of several canine vector-borne diseases caused by Dirofilaria immitis, Leishmania infantum, Anaplasma platys , and Ehrlichia canis in the autonomous community of Castilla y León, the largest region of the Iberian Peninsula, providing a geospatial approach based on a geographic information system (GIS) analysis. Blood from a total of 1,475 domestic dogs from the nine provinces of Castilla y León were analyzed. Also, a GIS analysis of the sample locations was carried out, taking into account the most important predictor variables. The prevalence in dogs infected by D. immitis was 7.19%, and the seroprevalence by L. infantum was 4.61 and 1.56% for A. platys and E. canis . Most of the infected animals were located in areas with stagnant water, irrigated agriculture, or riverbanks, always close to forest and woodland vegetation. These results indicate that dogs living in Castilla y León should take prophylactic measures to avoid infections.
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The lower prevalence in dogs <1 year is likely due to a minor exposure to vectors.
“The prevalence was lower in dogs <1 year, likely due to a minor exposure to vectors, as stated in previous research [8,9,19,22].”
From Expansion of canine heartworm in Spain (2022) · cites this paper as [19]
In the last 15 years, a slight increase in heartworm can be confirmed in most autonomous communities, with decreasing prevalences or similar values only in Aragon, Catalonia, Valencian Community, Madrid and Castilla y León.
“in the last 15 years a slight increase in heartworm can be confirmed in most of the autonomous communities, with decreasing prevalences or with similar values only in Aragon, Catalonia, Valencian Community, Madrid and Castilla y León.”
From Expansion of canine heartworm in Spain (2022) · cites this paper as [19]
Dogs living indoors showed significantly lower prevalences because they are less exposed to vector mosquitoes.
“Regarding habitat, dogs living indoors showed significantly lower prevalences, as shown in other similar studies [8,9,11,12,13,19]. As has been pointed out in previous studies, animals that live indoors are less exposed to the presence of vector mosquitoes and, thus, prevalences are lower.”
From Expansion of canine heartworm in Spain (2022) · cites this paper as [19]
In northern and centre Spain, canine heartworm prevalence was 0.18% and 7.19%, respectively.
“Other studies carried out in northern and centre Spain have reported a prevalence of 0.18 and 7.19% for D. immitis, respectively [19,20].”
From What has happened to heartworm disease in Europe in the last 10 years? (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
In Madrid, canine heartworm prevalence was 3%, and in the province of Salamanca, overall prevalence was 7.3%, with higher prevalence in zones with irrigated crops.
“The canine population in Madrid presented a prevalence of 3%, [22] and in the province of Salamanca, the overall percentage was 7.3% [20], although in zones with irrigated crops, the prevalence was higher.”
From What has happened to heartworm disease in Europe in the last 10 years? (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
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- Authors
- Pérez Pérez, P., Rodríguez-Escolar, I., Carretón, E., Sánchez Agudo, J. Á., Lorenzo-Morales, J., Montoya-Alonso, J. A., & Morchón, R.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de Salamanca (ES)
- Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Carretón, Elena
- Morchón, Rodrigo
- Venue
- Frontiers in Veterinary Science
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2021-12-06
- Volume
- 8
- Pages
- 784331-784331
- ISSN
- 2297-1769 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8685324
- OpenAlex
- W4200419158
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 1.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Veterinary Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Acceda (Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Agencia de Desarrollo Económico
- Universidad de Salamanca
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Keywords
- canine vector-borne diseases, seroprevalence, Dirofilaria immitis, Leishmania infantum, Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia canis, dogs, Castilla y León, stagnant water, irrigated agriculture, forest and woodland habitats, disease distribution, climate change, zoonoses
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