Time course of autonomic symptoms in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) patients: two-year follow-up results
Open accessAbstract
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a multifactorial condition capable of chronically reducing the quality of life and the work ability of patients. The study aim was to assess the burden of autonomic symptoms in a cohort of POTS patients over 2 years. Patients’ clinical profiles were assessed by the 31-item Composite Autonomic Symptom Score questionnaire (COMPASS 31) and a visual analog scale (VAS). One-way ANOVA for repeated measures followed by Dunnett’s post-hoc test were used to compare symptoms at baseline and at 1 and 2 years. Out of 42 enrolled patients, 25 had a 1-year follow-up and 12 had a 2-year follow-up. At baseline, the reported burden of autonomic symptoms was high (overall COMPASS 31 = 49.9 ± 14.3 /100). Main complaints were related to orthostatic intolerance according to both COMPASS 31 and VAS. Fourteen patients were rendered inactive because of symptoms. At 1-year follow-up, a statistically significant improvement in pupillomotor function and overall score was detected by the COMPASS 31. These findings were confirmed at 2 years, together with a significant reduction in quality of life impairment, assessed by VAS. However, these improvements did not change patients’ occupational status. Awareness of POTS diagnosis, patient monitoring, and tailored therapies can help to improve patients’ condition.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Medium-high quality longitudinal evaluation of POTS found a reduction of symptom burden over time.
“Medium-high quality longitudinal evaluation of POTS found a reduction of symptom burden over time (Dipaola et al., 2020”
From Self-reported symptom burden in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): A narrative review of observational and interventional studies (2023) · cites this paper as Dipaola et al., 2020
Studies using the COMPASS31 showed people with POTS report a wide range of autonomic symptoms of moderate to severe intensity.
“Studies using the COMPASS31, showed people with POTS also report a wide range of autonomic symptoms of moderate to severe intensity”
From Self-reported symptom burden in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS): A narrative review of observational and interventional studies (2023) · cites this paper as Dipaola et al., 2020
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The validation of visual analogue scales as ratio scale measures for chronic and experimental pain
Price, D. D., McGrath, P. A., Rafii, A., & Buckingham, B. (1983) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(83)90126-4 · Cited by 3,921 · see citing works
Freeman, R., Wieling, W., Axelrod, F. B., Benditt, D. G., Benarroch, E., Biaggioni, I., Cheshire, W. P., Chelimsky, T., Cortelli, P., Gibbons, C. H., et al. (2011) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/s10286-011-0119-5 · Cited by 1,697 · see citing works
Sheldon, R. S., Grubb, B. P., Olshansky, B., Shen, W.-K., Calkins, H., Brignole, M., Raj, S. R., Krahn, A. D., Morillo, C. A., Stewart, J. M., et al. (2015) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.03.029 · Cited by 1,013 · see citing works
COMPASS 31: a refined and abbreviated composite autonomic symptom score
Sletten, D. M., Suarez, G. A., Low, P. A., Mandrekar, J., & Singer, W. (2012) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.10.013 · Cited by 741 · see citing works
Autoantibodies to ganglionic acetylcholine receptors in autoimmune autonomic neuropathies
Vernino, S., Low, P. A., Fealey, R. D., Stewart, J. D., Farrugia, G., & Lennon, V. A. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200009213431204 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Orthostatic Intolerance and Tachycardia Associated with Norepinephrine-Transporter Deficiency
Shannon, J. R., Flattem, N. L., Jordan, J., Jacob, G., Black, B. K., Biaggioni, I., Blakely, R. D., & Robertson, D. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200002243420803 · Cited by 594 · see citing works
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: the Mayo clinic experience
Thieben, M. J., Sandroni, P., Sletten, D. M., Benrud-Larson, L. M., Fealey, R. D., Vernino, S., Low, P. A., Lennon, V. A., & Shen, W.-K. (2007) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/s0025-6196(11)61027-6 · Cited by 516 · see citing works
The neuropathic postural tachycardia syndrome
Jacob, G., Costa, F., Shannon, J. R., Robertson, R. M., Wathen, M., Stein, M., Biaggioni, I., Ertl, A., Black, B., & Robertson, D. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200010053431404 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Dysautonomia in the joint hypermobility syndrome
Gazit, Y., Nahir, A. M., Grahame, R., & Jacob, G. (2003) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(03)00235-3 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Postural tachycardia syndrome: a heterogeneous and multifactorial disorder
Benarroch, E. E. (2012) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.08.013 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Cardiac origins of the postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Fu, Q., VanGundy, T. B., Galbreath, M. M., Shibata, S., Jain, M., Hastings, J. L., Bhella, P. S., & Levine, B. D. (2010) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.02.043 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Shaw, B. H., Stiles, L. E., Bourne, K., Green, E. A., Shibao, C. A., Okamoto, L. E., Garland, E. M., Gamboa, A., Diedrich, A., Raj, V., et al. (2019) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12895 · Cited by 326 · cited 3× · see citing works
“The median diagnostic delay is 24 months, with peaks reaching 10 years [22].”
BackgroundResultPostural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)
Raj, S. R. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.112.144501 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Testing the Autonomic Nervous System
Low, P. A. (2003) · Seminars in Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-2004-817725 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Chronic Orthostatic Intolerance: A Disorder With Discordant Cardiac and Vascular Sympathetic Control
Furlan, R., Jacob, G., Snell, M., Robertson, D., Porta, A., Harris, P., & Mosqueda-Garcia, R. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.98.20.2154 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Self-citationGrubb, B. P. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.761643 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Quality of Life in Patients With Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
Benrud-Larson, L. M., Dewar, M. S., Sandroni, P., Rummans, T. A., Haythornthwaite, J. A., & Low, P. A. (2002) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/77.6.531 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Dysautonomias: Clinical Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System
Goldstein, D. S., Robertson, D., Esler, M., Straus, S. E., & Eisenhofer, G. (2002) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-137-9-200211050-00011 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
The spectrum of autoimmune autonomic neuropathies
Klein, C. M., Vernino, S. A., Lennon, V. A., Sandroni, P., Fealey, R. D., Benrud‐Larson, L. M., Sletten, D. M., & Low, P. A. (2003) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.10556 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Postural Tachycardia Syndrome: Clinical Features and Follow-up Study
Sandroni, P., Opfer-Gehrking, T. L., McPhee, B. R., & Low, P. A. (1999) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/74.11.1106 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Sleep Disturbances and Diminished Quality of Life in Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
Bagai, K., Song, Y., Ling, J. F., Malow, B., Black, B. K., Biaggioni, I., Robertson, D., & Raj, S. R. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.28110 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Schrezenmaier, C., Gehrking, J. A., Hines, S. M., Low, P. A., Benrud‐Larson, L. M., & Sandroni, P. (2005) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/80.3.330 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Ocon, A. J., Messer, Z. R., Medow, M. S., & Stewart, J. M. (2011) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20110241 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Orthostatic headaches without CSF leak in postural tachycardia syndrome
Mokri, B., & Low, P. A. (2003) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000085868.37963.7d · Cited by 100 · see citing works
POTS versus deconditioning: the same or different?
Joyner, M. J., & Masuki, S. (2008) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/s10286-008-0487-7 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Neurohumoral and haemodynamic profile in postural tachycardia and chronic fatigue syndromes
Okamoto, L. E., Raj, S. R., Peltier, A., Gamboa, A., Shibao, C., Diedrich, A., Black, B. K., Robertson, D., & Biaggioni, I. (2012) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20110200 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
A prospective, 1-year follow-up study of postural tachycardia syndrome
Kimpinski, K., Figueroa, J. J., Singer, W., Sletten, D. M., Iodice, V., Sandroni, P., Fischer, P. R., Opfer-Gehrking, T. L., Gehrking, J. A., & Low, P. A. (2012) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.02.020 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Blood Volume Perturbations in the Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
Raj, S. R., & Robertson, D. (2007) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/maj.0b013e318063c6c0 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
McDonald, C., Koshi, S., Busner, L., Kavi, L., & Newton, J. L. (2014) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004127 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Autonomic dysfunction in fibromyalgia syndrome: Postural orthostatic tachycardia
Staud, R. M. (2008) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-008-0076-8 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Outcomes of adolescent-onset postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Bhatia, R., Kizilbash, S. J., Ahrens, S. P., Killian, J. M., Kimmes, S. A., Knoebel, E. E., Muppa, P., Weaver, A. L., & Fischer, P. R. (2016) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.02.035 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Efficacy of Therapies for Postural Tachycardia Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Wells, R., Elliott, A. D., Mahajan, R., Page, A., Iodice, V., Sanders, P., & Lau, D. H. (2018) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.01.025 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Moon, J., Kim, D.-Y., Byun, J.-I., Sunwoo, J.-S., Lim, J.-A., Kim, T.-J., Shin, J.-W., Lee, W.-J., Lee, H. S., Jun, J.-S., et al. (2016) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-016-0548-x · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Kanjwal, K., Saeed, B., Karabin, B. L., Kanjwal, Y., & Grubb, B. P. (2010) · PubMed Central · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Altered pupillary light response scales with disease severity in migrainous photophobia
Cortez, M. M., Rea, N., Hunter, L. A., Digre, K. B., & Brennan, K. C. (2017) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1177/0333102416673205 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Quantitative assessment of autonomic symptom burden in Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS)
Rea, N. A., Campbell, C. L., & Cortez, M. M. (2017) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2017.03.032 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Orthostatic intolerance and the headache patient
Mack, K. J., Johnson, J. N., & Rowe, P. C. (2010) · Seminars in Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.spen.2010.04.006 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Gastrointestinal dysfunction in postural tachycardia syndrome
Wang, L. B., Culbertson, C. J., Deb, A., Morgenshtern, K., Huang, H., & Hohler, A. D. (2015) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2015.10.052 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Grubb, B. P., Kanjwal, Y., Karabin, B. L., Saeed, B., & Kanjwal, K. (2010) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Postural tachycardia syndrome: multiple symptoms, but easily missed
Kavi, L., Gammage, M. D., Grubb, B. P., & Karabin, B. L. (2012) · British Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3399/bjgp12x648963 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Long-term follow-up of patients with postural tachycardia syndrome
Sousa, A., Lebreiro, A., Freitas, J., & Maciel, M. J. (2012) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/s10286-011-0155-1 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Evaluating and managing postural tachycardia syndrome
Lei, L. Y., Chew, D. S., Sheldon, R. S., & Raj, S. R. (2019) · Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3949/ccjm.86a.18002 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Neural autonomic control in orthostatic intolerance
Furlan, R., Barbic, F., Casella, F., Severgnini, G., Zenoni, L., Mercieri, A., Mangili, R., Costantino, G., & Porta, A. (2009) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2009.04.008 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationBarbic, F., Dipaola, F., Andreetta, F., Brunetta, E., Vecchia, L. A. D., Mantegazza, R., Furlan, R., & Antozzi, C. G. (2017) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000001355 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Goodman, B. P., Khoury, J. A., Blair, J. E., & Grill, M. F. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.624968 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Malmö POTS symptom score: Assessing symptom burden in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
Spahic, J. M., Hamrefors, V., Johansson, M., Ricci, F., Melander, O., Sutton, R., & Fedorowski, A. (2022) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.13566 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Transdermal Auricular Vagus Stimulation for the Treatment of Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
Diedrich, A., Urechie, V., Shiffer, D., Rigo, S., Minonzio, M., Cairo, B., Smith, E. C., Okamoto, L., Barbic, F., Bisoglio, A., et al. (2021) · Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic & Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102886 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationBarbic, F., Minonzio, M., Cairo, B., Shiffer, D., Zamuner, A. R., Cavalieri, S., Dipaola, F., Magnavita, N., Porta, A., & Furlan, R. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17217836 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationKnoop, I., Picariello, F., Jenkinson, E., Gall, N., Chisari, C., & Moss-Morris, R. (2023) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2022.103052 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“…+ +++ ++ +++ Benrud-Larson et al., 2003 ++++++ ++ +++ ++ +++ Benrud-Larson et al., 2002 ++++++ ++ ++ + ++ Cortez et al., 2019 ++++++ ++ ++ ++ +++ DiPaola et al., 2020 +++++ +++ ++ + ++ 12 / 42 completed 2-year FU Fisher et al., 2020 ++++++ + ++ + ++ Johansson et al., 2021 ++++++ +++ +++ ++…”
Li, L. M., Vichayanrat, E., Giovane, M. D., Lai, H., & Iodice, V. (2022) · BMJ Neurology Open · doi:10.1136/bmjno-2022-000308 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Gluten-free diet in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)
Zha, K., Brook, J. B., McLaughlin, A., & Blitshteyn, S. (2022) · Chronic Illness · doi:10.1177/17423953221076984 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Rodriguez, B., Hochstrasser, A., Eugster, P. J., Grouzmann, E., Müri, R., & Z'Graggen, W. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.968725 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Hertel, A., Black, W. R., Malloy-Walton, L. E., Martin, J. R., & Jones, J. T. (2024) · Current Cardiology Reviews · doi:10.2174/011573403x271096231203164216 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The Diagnostic Journey of Dysautonomia Patients: Insights from a Patient-Reported Outcome Study
O'Dell, J., Walker, A., Latham, A., Parisian, D. J., Branch, L. E., Vanderburg, D. D., Cox, A. A., Chavis, S., & Smith, S. E. (2025) · Journal of Patient Experience · doi:10.1177/23743735251314651 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Carlo, M. D., Bianchi, B., Cipolletta, E., Farah, S., Filippucci, E., & Salaffi, F. (2023) · Journal of Neuroimaging · doi:10.1111/jon.13104 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Hertel, A. K., Black, W. R., Lytch, A., Cramer, E., Malloy-Walton, L. E., & Jones, J. T. (2024) · SAGE Open Medicine · doi:10.1177/20503121241287073 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Shiffer, D., Rigo, S., Minonzio, M., Yarsuvat, D. T., Tobaldini, E., Furlan, L., Montano, N., Cairo, B., Porta, A., Zamunér, A. R., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2025.106529 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationKnoop, I., Jones, A. S. K., Gall, N., Chilcot, J., Pascoe, W., & Moss-Morris, R. (2023) · Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic & Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2023.103130 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Zamunér, A. R., Minonzio, M., Shiffer, D., Fornerone, R., Cairo, B., Porta, A., Rigo, S., Furlan, R., & Barbic, F. (2021) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2021.761501 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationAndrade, C. P., Zamunér, A. R., Barbic, F., Porta, A., Rigo, S., Shiffer, D., Bringard, A., Fagoni, N., Ferretti, G., & Furlan, R. (2024) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-024-05662-5 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationPostural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: A conundrum for patients and healthcare providers.
Cline, H. M., & Einhardt, A. (2022) · PubMed Central · doi:10.1097/01.npr.0000802968.90212.70 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Bourne, K. M., Gamboa, A., Black, B., Hall, J., Biaggioni, I., Shibao, C. A., Diedrich, A., Peltier, A., Jacob, G., Okamoto, L. E., et al. (2026) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.70104 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Owens, M. T., Fischer, P. R., Sim, L. A., Kirsch, A. C., Homan, K. J., Zaccariello, M. J., Sawchuk, N. R., LeMahieu, A., Geske, J. R., & Harbeck‐Weber, C. (2024) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/08830738241236815 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Marks, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Sociology · doi:10.3389/fsoc.2024.1283695 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Treatment of long COVID complicated by postural orthostatic tachycardia syndromePreprint
Tsuchida, T., Ishibashi, Y., Inoue, Y., Ishizuka, K., Katayama, K., Hirose, M., Nakagama, Y., Kido, Y., Akashi, Y. J., Otsubo, T., et al. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2885209/v1
Pettinato, A. M., Kumar, M., & Kim, A. S. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32186
Cortez, M. M., Cook, G., Miglis, M. G., Raj, S. R., Robbins, N. M., Singer, W., Sletten, D. M., Stino, A. M., & Vernino, S. A. (2026) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/s10286-026-01238-9
Andrade, C., Zamuner, A., Barbic, F., Porta, A., Rigo, S., Shiffer, D., Bringard, A., Fagoni, N., Guido, F., & Furlan, R. (2026) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.20327113
Self-citation
- Authors
- Dipaola, F., Barberi, C., Castelnuovo, E., Minonzio, M., Fornerone, R., Shiffer, D., Cairo, B., Zamuner, A. R., Barbic, F., & Furlan, R.
- Affiliations
- Humanitas University (IT)
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital (IT)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Departamento de Kinesiología, Universidad Católica del Maule, 3605 Talca, Chile
- Corresponding author
- Furlan, Raffaello
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-08-13
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 5872
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7460485
- OpenAlex
- W3048576599
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 3.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Italian Ministery of Health (RF-2013-02355242)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cardiovascular Syncope and Autonomic Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Keywords
- postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, autonomic symptoms, orthostatic intolerance, quality of life, long-term follow-up, symptom burden, occupational status
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Autonomic Nervous System, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Time Factors, Cohort Studies, Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
