Smartphone Addiction Prevalence and Its Association on Academic Performance, Physical Health, and Mental Well-Being among University Students in Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Saudi Arabia
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Smartphone use can lead to smartphone addiction, which is a growing concern worldwide. However, there are limited studies about smartphone addiction and its impacts on university students in Saudi Arabia. This study aims to fill this gap. This is a quantitative study conducted among undergraduate students in Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Saudi Arabia from May 2019 and February 2021. Study data were collected using both online and hard copy administered surveys. A self-administered questionnaire, Grade point average, Smartphone Addiction Short Version, and Kessler Psychological Distress scales were used to assess the outcomes. A total of 545 undergraduate students, mostly females, aged ≤ 21 years old and lived with large family sizes. More than half owned a smartphone for 5–8 years and the majority used their smartphone on average 6–11 h per day for social networking (82.6%), entertainment (66.2%) and web surfing (59.6%). Most of the participants were smartphone-addicted (67.0%). Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≤ 21, not gainfully employed, small family size and high family income were the main significant socio-demographic predictors of smartphone addiction. Smartphone-addicted participants were more likely to: have lower academic performance (GPA); be physically inactive; have poor sleep; be overweight/obese; have pain in their shoulder (39.2%), eyes (62.2%) and neck (67.7%) and have a serious mental illness (30.7%). This finding has significant implications for decision makers and suggests that smartphone education focusing on the physical and mental health consequences of smartphone addiction among university students can be beneficial.
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En Alotaibi et al. (2022), se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la adicción al teléfono móvil y un menor rendimiento académico: el 14 % de los estudiantes adictos obtuvo un GPA ≤1.74, en comparación con solo el 3.3 % del grupo no adicto (χ2 = 14.97, p = 0.002).
“Sus resultados indicaron una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la adicción al teléfono móvil y un menor rendimiento académico, ya que el 14 % de los estudiantes clasificados como adictos obtuvo un GPA correspondiente a la categoría de 'aprobado' ( ≤ 1.74), en comparación con solo el 3.3 % del grupo no adicto ( χ ² = 14.97, p = 0.002).”
From Relación entre la Adicción a Tecnologías Digitales y el Rendimiento Académico de Estudiantes de Ingeniería Sanitaria en una Universidad Pública de Cajamarca, Perú (2025) · cites this paper as Alotaibi et al. (2022)
La sección 6.7 de Resultados informa una asociación significativa entre la adicción al smartphone y un GPA más bajo, con χ² = 14.97 y p = 0.002. También indica que el 14 % del grupo adicto y el 3.3 % del no adicto tenían un GPA en la categoría «aprobado». Sin embargo, los pasajes de nuestra copia no especifican que esa categoría corresponda a un GPA ≤1.74. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAlotaibi et al. (2022), en 545 estudiantes universitarios de Arabia Saudita, identificaron una elevada prevalencia de adicción a los smartphones (67 %).
“Alotaibi et al. (2022), en su estudio, identificaron una elevada prevalencia de adicción a los smartphones (67 %) en una muestra de 545 estudiantes universitarios de la Universidad de Umm Al-Qura, Arabia Saudita.”
From Relación entre la Adicción a Tecnologías Digitales y el Rendimiento Académico de Estudiantes de Ingeniería Sanitaria en una Universidad Pública de Cajamarca, Perú (2025) · cites this paper as Alotaibi et al. (2022)
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- Authors
- Alotaibi, M., Fox, M., Coman, R., Ratan, Z., & Hosseinzadeh, H.
- Affiliations
- Umm al-Qura University (SA)
- University of Wollongong (AU)
- Khulna University of Engineering and Technology (BD)
- Corresponding author
- Hosseinzadeh, Hassan
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-03-21
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 3710
- ISSN
- 1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8954621
- OpenAlex
- W4220836651
- Cited by
- 144
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 17
- FWCI
- 40.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Umm Al-Qura University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Keywords
- smartphone addiction, university students, academic performance, physical health, psychological well-being, psychological distress, sleep quality, physical inactivity, obesity, musculoskeletal pain, sociodemographic predictors, smartphone use patterns, Saudi Arabia
- MeSH terms
- Smartphone, Academic Performance, Internet Addiction Disorder, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Saudi Arabia, Students, Universities, Prevalence, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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