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Nutrient Adequacy in Endurance Athletes

Moss, Kamiah, Kreutzer, Andreas, Graybeal, Austin J., Zhang, Yan, Braun-Trocchio, Robyn, Porter, Ryan R., Shah, Meena·2023·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
DOI 10.3390/ijerph20085469
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Abstract

Proper nutrition is critical for optimal performance in endurance athletes. However, it is unclear if endurance athletes are meeting all their energy and nutrient needs. We examined if endurance athletes are meeting their nutritional requirements and if this differed by sex. Ninety-five endurance athletes (n = 95; 50.5% men; 34.9 ± 12.9 y) participated in the study. Dietary intake was evaluated using the 24 h dietary recall method. Energy and nutrient intakes were calculated using the ESHA Food Processor Diet Analysis Software and compared against reference nutrient intakes. Endurance athletes did not consume the recommended amount of energy (76.8% of athletes), carbohydrates (95.8%), linoleic acid (75.8%), α-linolenic acid (ALA) (77.9%), eicosatetraenoic and docosahexaenoic acid (96.8%), dietary fiber (49.5%), vitamins D (93.7%), E (71.6%), and K (54.7%), folate (54.7%), pantothenic acid (70.5%), biotin (83.2%), manganese (58.9%), magnesium (56.8%), chromium (91.6%), molybdenum (93.7%), choline (85.3%), and potassium (56.8%), and consumed too much saturated fat (50.5%) and sodium (94.7%) than recommended. Fisher’s Exact test showed that the requirements for dietary fiber (70.8% vs. 27.7%), ALA (87.5% vs. 68.1%), and total water (70.8% vs. 44.7%) were not met by more men versus women (p < 0.05). The needs for protein (70.2% vs. 25%) and vitamin B12 (46.8% vs. 22.9%) were not met by more women compared to men (p < 0.05). These findings need to be confirmed by a larger study.

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Metadata

Authors
Moss, K., Kreutzer, A., Graybeal, A. J., Zhang, Y., Braun-Trocchio, R., Porter, R. R., & Shah, M.
Affiliations
  • Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
  • School of Kinesiology & Nutrition, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
  • Harris College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-04-11
Volume
20
Issue
8
Pages
5469
ISSN
1660-4601
DOI
10.3390/ijerph20085469
Cited by
21
References
14
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
  • Harris College of Nursing &amp; Health Sciences Graduate Student Research Grant
  • The Julian Carr Aliber Endowed Grant

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