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Cited by 43Skin Protection and AgingMarine Sponges and Natural Productsmelanin and skin pigmentation

From Sea to Skin: Is There a Future for Natural Photoprotectants?

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Milito, Alfonsina, Castellano, Immacolata, Damiani, Elisabetta·2021·Marine Drugs
DOI 10.3390/md19070379PMC PMC8303403
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Abstract

In the last few decades, the thinning of the ozone layer due to increased atmospheric pollution has exacerbated the negative effects of excessive exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR), and skin cancer has become a major public health concern. In order to prevent skin damage, public health advice mainly focuses on the use of sunscreens, along with wearing protective clothing and avoiding sun exposure during peak hours. Sunscreens present on the market are topical formulations that contain a number of different synthetic, organic, and inorganic UVR filters with different absorbance profiles, which, when combined, provide broad UVR spectrum protection. However, increased evidence suggests that some of these compounds cause subtle damage to marine ecosystems. One alternative may be the use of natural products that are produced in a wide range of marine species and are mainly thought to act as a defense against UVR-mediated damage. However, their potential for human photoprotection is largely under-investigated. In this review, attention has been placed on the molecular strategies adopted by marine organisms to counteract UVR-induced negative effects and we provide a broad portrayal of the recent literature concerning marine-derived natural products having potential as natural sunscreens/photoprotectants for human skin. Their chemical structure, UVR absorption properties, and their pleiotropic role as bioactive molecules are discussed. Most studies strongly suggest that these natural products could be promising for use in biocompatible sunscreens and may represent an alternative eco-friendly approach to protect humans against UV-induced skin damage.

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  • Most sunscreen formulations contain organic and inorganic ultraviolet filters that are non-biodegradable in marine and terrestrial ecosystems.

    “Sadly, most sunscreen formulations contain organic and inorganic ultraviolet filters that are non-biodegradable in marine and terrestrial ecosystems.”

    From Skin protection from solar ultraviolet radiation using natural compounds: a review (2024) · cites this paper as Milito et al. 2021

    Section 6 (page not provided) says sunscreens typically contain organic or inorganic UV filters and reports evidence that some synthetic filters may harm marine environments. Section 13 (page not provided) discusses potential pollution of ground and sea waters, but neither section establishes that most formulations contain filters that are non-biodegradable in both marine and terrestrial ecosystems. (LLM, conf=0.87)

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Authors
Milito, A., Castellano, I., & Damiani, E.
Affiliations
  • Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (ES)
  • Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (IT)
  • Marche Polytechnic University (IT)
Corresponding author
  • Castellano, Immacolata
  • Damiani, Elisabetta
ORCID
Venue
Marine Drugs
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-06-30
Volume
19
Issue
7
Pages
379
ISSN
1660-3397 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/md19070379
PMC
PMC8303403
OpenAlex
W3174093644
Cited by
43
References
148
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 1
FWCI
1.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Marine Drugs (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Università Politecnica delle Marche (Università Politecnica delle Marche) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Marine Sponges and Natural Products
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
Keywords
marine natural products, ultraviolet radiation, skin cancer prevention, bioactive compounds, marine pollution
MeSH terms
Animals, Biological Products, Humans, Skin Neoplasms, Sunscreening Agents, Aquatic Organisms

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