Beta-Aminoisobutyric Acid as a Novel Regulator of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism
Open accessAbstract
The prevalence and incidence of metabolic syndrome is reaching pandemic proportions worldwide, thus warranting an intensive search for novel preventive and treatment strategies. Recent studies have identified a number of soluble factors secreted by adipocytes and myocytes (adipo-/myokines), which link sedentary life style, abdominal obesity, and impairments in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. In this review, we discuss the metabolic roles of the recently discovered myokine β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), which is produced by skeletal muscle during physical activity. In addition to physical activity, the circulating levels of BAIBA are controlled by the mitochondrial enzyme alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 (AGXT2), which is primarily expressed in the liver and kidneys. Recent studies have shown that BAIBA can protect from diet-induced obesity in animal models. It induces transition of white adipose tissue to a “beige” phenotype, which induces fatty acids oxidation and increases insulin sensitivity. While the exact mechanisms of BAIBA-induced metabolic effects are still not well understood, we discuss some of the proposed pathways. The reviewed data provide new insights into the connection between physical activity and energy metabolism and suggest that BAIBA might be a potential novel drug for treatment of the metabolic syndrome and its cardiovascular complications.
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BAIBA promotes increased visceral adipose tissue lipolysis, increased free fatty acid oxidation, and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle.
“BAIBA promotes increased VAT lipolysis, increased FFA oxidation, and glucose uptake in SkM [110,111,112].”
From The Role of Exercise in the Interplay between Myokines, Hepatokines, Osteokines, Adipokines, and Modulation of Inflammation for Energy Substrate Redistribution and Fat Mass Loss: A Review (2020) · cites this paper as [112]
Section 3.1 reports BAIBA-stimulated FFA oxidation in skeletal muscle cells, and Section 3.2 reports increased glucose uptake in mouse myocytes. Section 3.2 does not establish increased visceral adipose tissue lipolysis: it describes adipocyte lipolysis as a possible indirect compensatory effect and reports that BAIBA did not affect glycerol production in mouse adipocytes. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the liver, a simultaneous decrease in de novo lipogenesis and increased fatty acid oxidation could reduce accretion of diet-derived triglycerides and excess carbohydrates in visceral adipose tissue.
“In the liver, a simultaneous decrease in de novo lipogenesis and increased FAO [112,113] could also reduce accretion of diet-derived TGs and excess carbohydrates in VAT.”
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- Authors
- Tanianskii, D. A., Jarzebska, N., Birkenfeld, A. L., O’Sullivan, J. F., & Rodionov, R. N.
- Affiliations
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Acad. Pavlov St., 12, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Technische Universität Dresden (DE)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Rodionov, Roman N.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-02-28
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 524
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6470580
- OpenAlex
- W2917191057
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 1.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (57210733)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- beta-aminoisobutyric acid, myokines, metabolic syndrome, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, AGXT2, physical activity, energy metabolism, diet-induced obesity, white adipose tissue browning, beige adipose tissue, fatty acid oxidation, insulin sensitivity, cardiovascular complications
- MeSH terms
- Aminoisobutyric Acids, Animals, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Muscle, Skeletal, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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