Cited by 116Exercise and Physiological ResponsesMuscle Physiology and DisordersMuscle metabolism and nutrition

Exercise-Induced Myokines can Explain the Importance of Physical Activity in the Elderly: An Overview

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Kwon, Jenny Hyosun, Moon, Kyoung Min, Min, Kyueng-Whan·2020·Healthcare

Abstract

Physical activity has been found to aid the maintenance of health in the elderly. Exercise-induced skeletal muscle contractions lead to the production and secretion of many small proteins and proteoglycan peptides called myokines. Thus, studies on myokines are necessary for ensuring the maintenance of skeletal muscle health in the elderly. This review summarizes 13 myokines regulated by physical activity that are affected by aging and aims to understand their potential roles in metabolic diseases. We categorized myokines into two groups based on regulation by aerobic and anaerobic exercise. With aging, the secretion of apelin, β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7), decorin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), interleukin-15 (IL-15), irisin, stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), sestrin, secreted protein acidic rich in cysteine (SPARC), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) decreased, while that of IL-6 and myostatin increased. Aerobic exercise upregulates apelin, BAIBA, IL-15, IL-6, irisin, SDF-1, sestrin, SPARC, and VEGF-A expression, while anaerobic exercise upregulates BMP-7, decorin, IGF-1, IL-15, IL-6, irisin, and VEGF-A expression. Myostatin is downregulated by both aerobic and anaerobic exercise. This review provides a rationale for developing exercise programs or interventions that maintain a balance between aerobic and anaerobic exercise in the elderly.

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Crossref · 10.3390/healthcare8040378

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Authors
Kwon, J. H., Moon, K. M., & Min, K.-W.
Affiliations
  • Indiana University Bloomington (US)
  • University of Ulsan (KR)
  • Hanyang University Guri Hospital (KR)
Corresponding author
Moon, Kyoung Min
Venue
Healthcare
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-10-01
Volume
8
Issue
4
Pages
378
ISSN
2227-9032 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3090587459
Cited by
116
References
280
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 15
FWCI
1.81
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Healthcare (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Keywords
myokines, physical activity, aging, older adults, skeletal muscle health, aerobic exercise, anaerobic exercise, apelin, BMP-7, decorin, insulin-like growth factor I, IL-15, interleukin-6, irisin, CXCL12, sestrins, SPARC, VEGF-A, myostatin, metabolic disorders

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