Cited by 127Advanced Glycation End Products researchChronic Kidney Disease and DiabetesPotato Plant Research

The Modern Western Diet Rich in Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs): An Overview of Its Impact on Obesity and Early Progression of Renal Pathology

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Bettiga, Arianna, Fiorio, Francesco, Di Marco, Federico, Trevisani, Francesco, Romani, Annalisa, Porrini, Esteban, Salonia, Andrea, Montorsi, Francesco +1 more·2019·Nutrients

Abstract

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are an assorted group of molecules formed through covalent bonds between a reduced sugar and a free amino group of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Glycation alters their structure and function, leading to impaired cell function. They can be originated by physiological processes, when not counterbalanced by detoxification mechanisms, or derive from exogenous sources such as food, cigarette smoke, and air pollution. Their accumulation increases inflammation and oxidative stress through the activation of various mechanisms mainly triggered by binding to their receptors (RAGE). So far, the pathogenic role of AGEs has been evidenced in inflammatory and chronic diseases such as chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetic nephropathy. This review focuses on the AGE-induced kidney damage, by describing the molecular players involved and investigating its link to the excess of body weight and visceral fat, hallmarks of obesity. Research regarding interventions to reduce AGE accumulation has been of great interest and a nutraceutical approach that would help fighting chronic diseases could be a very useful tool for patients’ everyday lives.

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  • Adipose tissues produce molecular RAGE ligands such as HMGB-1 and RAGE-inducible molecules such as MCP-1 and IL-6; upon RAGE interaction, these bound molecules activate their own production in adipose tissues, suggesting a causal role of RAGE signaling in the inflammatory pathway.

    “Adipose tissues also produce molecular RAGE ligands (such as HMGB-1) and RAGE-inducible molecules (e.g., MCP-1 and IL-6). Upon RAGE interaction, these bound molecules activate their own production in adipose tissues, suggesting a causal role of RAGE signaling in the inflammatory pathway49,67.”
  • Consumption of dietary AGEs does not necessarily increase obesity based on its marginal association with increased body weight gain.

    “although consumption of dietary AGEs does not necessarily increase obesity based on its marginal association with increased body weight gain67,76.”
  • In humans, serum contains AGE peptides and free AGE adducts; AGE peptides are filtered by renal glomeruli and reabsorbed by proximal convoluted tubules and eliminated in urine as free AGE adducts.

    “In humans, serum contains AGE peptides and free AGE adducts. AGE peptides are generally filtered by renal glomeruli and further reabsorbed by proximal convoluted tubules and eliminated from the body in the form of free AGE adducts in the urine66,67.”
  • Dietary and endogenous AGEs and the AGE-RAGE interaction can promote oxidative stress and inflammation, contributing to accelerated progression of obesity-related complications.

    “Dietary and endogenous AGEs and the AGE-RAGE interaction can promote oxidative stress and inflammation, contributing to the accelerated progression of obesity-related complications such as elevated serum AGEs, insulin resistance, AGE accumulation, and elevated proinflammatory cytokines in adipose tissues67,76, although consumption of dietary AGEs does not necessarily increase obesity based on its”

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Authors
Bettiga, A., Fiorio, F., Di Marco, F., Trevisani, F., Romani, A., Porrini, E., Salonia, A., Montorsi, F., & Vago, R.
Affiliations
  • IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele (IT)
  • Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (IT)
  • Urological Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milano, Italy
  • University of Florence (IT)
  • Universidad de La Laguna (ES)
Corresponding author
Vago, Riccardo
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-07-30
Volume
11
Issue
8
Pages
1748
ISSN
2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2965916141
Cited by
127
References
110
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 5
FWCI
1.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele (submittedVersion)
Funders
Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI16/, RD16/0009, PI10/02428, PI16/01814)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Advanced Glycation End Products research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Potato Plant Research
Keywords
advanced glycation end products, Western diet, obesity, chronic kidney disease, renal pathology, AGE receptor, oxidative stress, inflammation, visceral fat, nutraceuticals, diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular disease
MeSH terms
Humans, Kidney Diseases, Obesity, Glycation End Products, Advanced

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