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Defining a Healthy Diet: Evidence for the Role of Contemporary Dietary Patterns in Health and Disease

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Cena, Hellas, Calder, Philip C.·2020·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu12020334
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Abstract

The definition of what constitutes a healthy diet is continually shifting to reflect the evolving understanding of the roles that different foods, essential nutrients, and other food components play in health and disease. A large and growing body of evidence supports that intake of certain types of nutrients, specific food groups, or overarching dietary patterns positively influences health and promotes the prevention of common non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Greater consumption of health-promoting foods and limited intake of unhealthier options are intrinsic to the eating habits of certain regional diets such as the Mediterranean diet or have been constructed as part of dietary patterns designed to reduce disease risk, such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) or Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diets. In comparison with a more traditional Western diet, these healthier alternatives are higher in plant-based foods, including fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, legumes, seeds, and nuts and lower in animal-based foods, particularly fatty and processed meats. To better understand the current concept of a “healthy diet,” this review describes the features and supporting clinical and epidemiologic data for diets that have been shown to prevent disease and/or positively influence health. In total, evidence from epidemiological studies and clinical trials indicates that these types of dietary patterns reduce risks of NCDs including cardiovascular disease and cancer.

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Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Cena, H., & Calder, P. C.
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-01-27
Volume
12
Issue
2
Pages
334
ISSN
2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/nu12020334
OpenAlex
W3000860815
Cited by
1,130
References
20
FWCI
84.15
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
gold
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
Pfizer (N/A)

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