The promise of the gut microbiome as part of individualized treatment strategies

Schupack, Daniel A.; Mars, Ruben A. T.; Voelker, Dayne H.; Abeykoon, Jithma P.; Kashyap, Purna C.

doi:10.1038/s41575-021-00499-1

Cited by 218Gut microbiota and healthGastrointestinal motility and disordersOral microbiology and periodontitis research

The promise of the gut microbiome as part of individualized treatment strategies

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Schupack, Daniel A., Mars, Ruben A. T., Voelker, Dayne H., Abeykoon, Jithma P., Kashyap, Purna C.·2022·Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology

DOI 10.1038/s41575-021-00499-1PMC PMC8712374

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Abstract

Variability in disease presentation, progression and treatment response has been a central challenge in medicine. Although variability in host factors and genetics are important, it has become evident that the gut microbiome, with its vast genetic and metabolic diversity, must be considered in moving towards individualized treatment. In this Review, we discuss six broad disease groups: infectious disease, cancer, metabolic disease, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune or inflammatory disease, and allergic and atopic diseases. We highlight current knowledge on the gut microbiome in disease pathogenesis and prognosis, efficacy, and treatment-related adverse events and its promise for stratifying existing treatments and as a source of novel therapies. The Review is not meant to be comprehensive for each disease state but rather highlights the potential implications of the microbiome as a tool to individualize treatment strategies in clinical practice. Although early, the outlook is optimistic but challenges need to be overcome before clinical implementation, including improved understanding of underlying mechanisms, longitudinal studies with multiple data layers reflecting gut microbiome and host response, standardized approaches to testing and reporting, and validation in larger cohorts. Given progress in the microbiome field with concurrent basic and clinical studies, the microbiome will likely become an integral part of clinical care within the next decade.

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Clinical outcomes of probiotics vary widely because host genetics, baseline microbiota, diet, medications, and comorbidities modulate response and susceptibility, explaining heterogeneous results across studies.
“Clinical outcomes vary widely because host genetics, baseline microbiota, diet, medications, and comorbidities modulate response and susceptibility, which explains the heterogeneous results across studies [15,114,115].”
From Current Concepts in Probiotic Safety and Efficacy (2026) · cites this paper as [115]
The Abstract (page unavailable) links variation in host genetics and the gut microbiome to differences in treatment response. The Obesity section (page unavailable) reports mixed human probiotic-trial results, but points to inconsistent formulations rather than establishing that baseline microbiota, diet, medications and comorbidities explain those results. Future perspectives discusses several of those factors as possible contributors to treatment variability, not as a demonstrated explanation for heterogeneous probiotic outcomes. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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Authors: Schupack, D. A., Mars, R. A. T., Voelker, D. H., Abeykoon, J. P., & Kashyap, P. C.
Affiliations: Mayo Clinic (US)
Corresponding author: Kashyap, Purna C.
ORCID: Schupack, Daniel A.
Mars, Ruben A. T.
Voelker, Dayne H.
Abeykoon, Jithma P.
Kashyap, Purna C.
Venue: Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2021-08-27
Volume: 19
Issue: 1
Pages: 7-25
ISSN: 1759-5045 (ISSN-L)
1759-5053
DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00499-1
PMC: PMC8712374
OpenAlex: W3195493570
Cited by: 217
References: 270
Citations by year: 2026: 50 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 3
FWCI: 2.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK114007)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Keywords: gut microbiota, personalized treatment, precision medicine, microbiota-based therapy, treatment response variability, infectious diseases, cancer, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disease, pathogenesis, treatment-related adverse events
MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Humans, Liver Diseases, Precision Medicine

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The promise of the gut microbiome as part of individualized treatment strategies

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