The DOI matches its Crossref record; 89 of the 89 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Health effects of protein intake in healthy adults: a systematic literature review
Open accessAbstract
The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the evidence behind the dietary requirement of protein and to assess the health effects of varying protein intake in healthy adults. The literature search covered the years 2000–2011. Prospective cohort, case-control, and intervention studies were included. Out of a total of 5,718 abstracts, 412 full papers were identified as potentially relevant, and after careful scrutiny, 64 papers were quality graded as A (highest), B, or C. The grade of evidence was classified as convincing, probable, suggestive or inconclusive. The evidence is assessed as: probable for an estimated average requirement of 0.66 g good-quality protein/kg body weight (BW)/day based on nitrogen balance studies, suggestive for a relationship between increased all-cause mortality risk and long-term low-carbohydrate–high-protein (LCHP) diets; but inconclusive for a relationship between all-cause mortality risk and protein intake per se; suggestive for an inverse relationship between cardiovascular mortality and vegetable protein intake; inconclusive for relationships between cancer mortality and cancer diseases, respectively, and protein intake; inconclusive for a relationship between cardiovascular diseases and total protein intake; suggestive for an inverse relationship between blood pressure (BP) and vegetable protein; probable to convincing for an inverse relationship between soya protein intake and LDL cholesterol; inconclusive for a relationship between protein intake and bone health, energy intake, BW control, body composition, renal function, and risk of kidney stones, respectively; suggestive for a relationship between increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and long-term LCHP-high-fat diets; inconclusive for impact of physical training on protein requirement; and suggestive for effect of physical training on whole-body protein retention. In conclusion, the evidence is assessed as probable regarding the estimated requirement based on nitrogen balance studies, and suggestive to inconclusive for protein intake and mortality and morbidity. Vegetable protein intake was associated with decreased risk in many studies. Potentially adverse effects of a protein intake exceeding 20–23 E% remain to be investigated. Keywords: protein requirement; nitrogen balance; animal protein; vegetable protein; mortality; chronic disease; Nordic nutrition recommendations (Published: 30 July 2013) Citation: Food & Nutrition Research 2013. 57: 21245 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v57i0.21245 Access the supplementary material to this article – see Supplementary files under Article Tools online. Special Issue: This paper is part of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations - The NNR5 project. More papers from this issue can be found at http://www.foodandnutritionresearch.net
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Empagliflozin and canagliflozin (the latter given at a higher dose than that approved for use in Japan) are shown to significantly reduce the risk of macroangiopathy in patients at high risk of cardiovascular events 32 , 33 .”
From Japanese clinical practice guideline for diabetes 2019 (2020) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“SGLT2 inhibitors tend to be associated with such adverse effects as an increased frequency of genital infection and fluid loss‐related events 32 , 34 .”
From Japanese clinical practice guideline for diabetes 2019 (2020) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“Intensive insulin therapy has been shown to be effective in preventing the onset of macroangiopathy in type 2 diabetes 9 , 31 , 32 .”
From Japanese clinical practice guideline for diabetes 2019 (2020) · cites this paper as [32]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A Clinical Trial of the Effects of Dietary Patterns on Blood Pressure
Appel, L. J., Moore, T. J., Obarzanek, E., Vollmer, W. M., Svetkey, L. P., Sacks, F. M., Bray, G. A., Vogt, T. M., Cutler, J. A., Windhauser, M. M., et al. (1997) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199704173361601 · Cited by 5,981
Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective
Marmot, M. G., Atinmo, T., Byers, T., Chen, J., Hirohata, T., Jackson, A., James, W., Kolonel, L. N., Kumanyika, S., Leitzmann, C., et al. (2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.45-5024 · Cited by 5,368
American College of Sports Medicine position stand
Otis, C. L. (1997) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,407
Principles of nutritional assessment
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.27-6362 · Cited by 2,766
Energy and protein requirements*
Pacey, A., & Payne, P. (2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780429036279-4 · Cited by 2,545
Principles Of Nutritional Assessment
Gibson, R. S. (2005) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195171693.001.0001 · Cited by 1,887
Energy and protein requirements : report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation
Fao, J., Energy, U. E. C. O., & Requirements, P. (1985) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,857
Lazcano-Ponce, E. C. (2009) · Salud Pública de México · Cited by 1,669
Black, A. (2000) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801376 · Cited by 1,490
Appel, L. J., Sacks, F. M., Carey, V. J., Obarzanek, E., Swain, J. F., Miller, E. R., Conlin, P. R., Erlinger, T. P., Rosner, B. A., Laranjo, N. M., et al. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.294.19.2455 · Cited by 1,170
Nutrition and Athletic Performance
(2009) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31890eb86 · Cited by 1,084
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2004 – integrating nutrition and physical activity
Becker, W., Lyhne, N., Pedersen, A. N., Aro, A., Fogelholm, M., Phórsdottir, P., Alexander, J., Anderssen, S., Meltzer, H., & Pedersen, J. I. (2004) · Food & Nutrition Research · doi:10.3402/fnr.v48i4.1633 · Cited by 1,047
Self-citationWeigle, D. S., Breen, P. A., Matthys, C. C., Callahan, H. S., Meeuws, K. E., Burden, V. R., & Purnell, J. Q. (2005) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/82.1.41 · Cited by 774
Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for protein
EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, N. A. A. (. (2012) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2557 · Cited by 739
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012
(2008) · Nord · doi:10.6027/nord2014-002 · Cited by 690
Low-Carbohydrate-Diet Score and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women
Halton, T. L., Willett, W. C., Liu, S., Manson, J. E., Albert, C. M., Rexrode, K., & Hu, F. B. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa055317 · Cited by 519
Meta-analysis of nitrogen balance studies for estimating protein requirements in healthy adults
Rand, W. M., Pellett, P. L., & Young, V. R. (2003) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/77.1.109 · Cited by 506
Taylor, E. N., Stampfer, M. J., & Curhan, G. C. (2004) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1097/01.asn.0000146012.44570.20 · Cited by 497
Dietary Factors and the Risk of Incident Kidney Stones in Younger Women
Curhan, G. C., Willett, W. C., Knight, E. L., & Stampfer, M. J. (2004) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.164.8.885 · Cited by 479
Nutrient intake and risk of subtypes of esophageal and gastric cancer.
Mayne, S. T., Risch, H. A., Dubrow, R., Chow, W. H., Gammon, M. D., Vaughan, T. L., Farrow, D. C., Schoenberg, J. B., Stanford, J. L., Ahsan, H., et al. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 433
Knight, E. L., Stampfer, M. J., Hankinson, S. E., Spiegelman, D., & Curhan, G. C. (2003) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-138-6-200303180-00009 · Cited by 426
Sellmeyer, D. E., Stone, K. L., Sebastián, A., & Cummings, S. R. (2001) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/73.1.118 · Cited by 378
Low-Carbohydrate Diets and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality
Fung, T. T., van Dam, R. M., Hankinson, S. E., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C., & Hu, F. B. (2010) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-153-5-201009070-00003 · Cited by 364
Protein Intake and Incident Frailty in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study
Beasley, J. M., LaCroix, A. Z., Neuhouser, M. L., Huang, Y., Tinker, L., Woods, N., Michael, Y., Curb, J. D., & Prentice, R. L. (2010) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02866.x · Cited by 337
Sluijs, I., Beulens, J. W. J., van der A, D. L., Spijkerman, A. M. W., Grobbee, D. E., & van der Schouw, Y. T. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-1321 · Cited by 335
Dietary protein and bone health: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Darling, A. L., Millward, D. J., Torgerson, D. J., Hewitt, C. E., & Lanham-New, S. A. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.27799 · Cited by 310
Kelemen, L. E. (2005) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwi038 · Cited by 214
High-protein diets: Potential effects on the kidney in renal health and disease
Friedman, A. N. (2004) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2004.08.020 · Cited by 213
Low-carbohydrate-diet score and risk of type 2 diabetes in women
Halton, T. L., Liu, S., Manson, J. E., & Hu, F. B. (2008) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.2.339 · Cited by 200
Low carbohydrate–high protein diet and mortality in a cohort of Swedish women
Λάγιου, Π., Sandin, S., Weiderpass, E., Lagiou, A., Mucci, L. A., Trichopoulos, D., & Adami, H. (2007) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01774.x · Cited by 193
Low-carbohydrate–high-protein diet and long-term survival in a general population cohort
Trichopoulou, A., Ψαλτοπούλου, Θ., Orfanos, P., Hsieh, C.-C., & Trichopoulos, D. (2006) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602557 · Cited by 187
Eight-Year Blood Pressure Change in Middle-Aged Men
Stamler, J., Liu, K., Ruth, K. J., Pryer, J. A., & Greenland, P. (2002) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000016178.80811.d9 · Cited by 169
Anderson, J. W., & Bush, H. (2011) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2011.10719947 · Cited by 163
Prospective Study of Fat and Protein Intake and Risk of Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage in Women
Iso, H., Stampfer, M. J., Manson, J. E., Rexrode, K. M., Hu, F. B., Hennekens, C. H., Colditz, G. A., Speizer, F. E., & Willett, W. C. (2001) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.103.6.856 · Cited by 163
Harland, J. I., & Haffner, T. A. (2008) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.04.006 · Cited by 154
Renal hemodynamic changes in humans
Bosch, J. P., Lew, S. Q., Glabman, S., & Lauer, A. (1986) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(86)90350-5 · Cited by 153
The acid-base hypothesis: diet and bone in the Framingham Osteoporosis Study
Tucker, K. L., Hannan, M. T., & Kiel, D. P. (2001) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s394-001-8350-8 · Cited by 153
Dietary protein requirements of younger and older adults
Campbell, W. W., Johnson, C. A., McCabe, G. P., & Carnell, N. S. (2008) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26072 · Cited by 146
A Case-Control Study of Diet and the Risk of Ovarian Cancer
Pan, S. Y., Ugnat, A., Mao, Y., Wen, S. W., & Johnson, K. C. (2004) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.1521.13.9 · Cited by 144
Dietary protein and calcium interact to influence calcium retention: a controlled feeding study
Hunt, J. R., Johnson, L. K., & Roughead, Z. F. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.27238 · Cited by 142
Low-carbohydrate diet scores and risk of type 2 diabetes in men
de Koning, L., Fung, T. T., Liao, X., Chiuve, S. E., Rimm, E. B., Willett, W. C., Spiegelman, D., & Hu, F. B. (2011) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.110.004333 · Cited by 128
Functional impact of high protein intake on healthy elderly people
Walrand, S., Short, K. R., Bigelow, M. L., Sweatt, A. J., Hutson, S. M., & Nair, K. S. (2008) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.90536.2008 · Cited by 125
Halkjær, J., Olsen, A., Overvad, K., Jakobsen, M. U., Boeing, H., Buijsse, B., Palli, D., Tognon, G., Du, H., van der A, D. L., et al. (2010) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2010.254 · Cited by 120
Intake of macronutrients as predictors of 5-y changes in waist circumference
Halkjær, J., Tjønneland, A. M., Thomsen, B. L., Overvad, K., & Sørensen, T. I. A. (2006) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/84.4.789 · Cited by 116
Fenton, T. R., Tough, S., Lyon, A. W., Eliasziw, M., & Hanley, D. A. (2011) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2891-10-41 · Cited by 116
Summerbell, C. D., Douthwaite, W., Whittaker, V., Ells, L. J., Hillier-Brown, F. C., Smith, S. A., Kelly, S. A., Edmunds, L., & Macdonald, I. A. (2009) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.80 · Cited by 115
Diet and Nutrient Intakes and Risk of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Connecticut Women
Zheng, T. (2004) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwh067 · Cited by 113
Sahni, S., Cupples, L. A., McLean, R. R., Tucker, K. L., Broe, K. E., Kiel, D. P., & Hannan, M. T. (2010) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1002/jbmr.194 · Cited by 112
Meta-analysis of animal fat or animal protein intake and colorectal cancer
Alexander, D. D., Cushing, C. A., Lowe, K. A., Sceurman, B. K., & Roberts, M. A. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26838 · Cited by 112
Schulze, M. B., Schulz, M., Heidemann, C., Schienkiewitz, A., Hoffmann, K., & Boeing, H. (2007) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114507853360 · Cited by 109
Renal risk scores: Progress and prospects
Taal, M. W., & Brenner, B. M. (2008) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.2008.36 · Cited by 106
Meat, fish and egg intake and risk of breast cancer
Holmes, M. D., Colditz, G. A., Hunter, D. J., Hankinson, S. E., ROSNER, B. A., Speizer, F. E., & Willett, W. C. (2003) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.10910 · Cited by 106
Bujnowski, D., Xun, P., Daviglus, M. L., Horn, L. V., He, K., & Stamler, J. (2011) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2011.05.002 · Cited by 97
Alonso, Á., Beunza, J. J., Bes‐Rastrollo, M., Pajares, R. M., & Martínez‐González, M. Á. (2006) · Archives of Medical Research · doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2006.01.007 · Cited by 96
High Protein Intake Associates with Cardiovascular Events but not with Loss of Renal Function
Halbesma, N., Bakker, S. J. L., Jansen, D. F., Stolk, R. P., De Zeeuw, D., De Jong, P. E., & Gansevoort, R. T. (2009) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2008060649 · Cited by 95
Dargent‐Molina, P., Sabia, S., Touvier, M., Kesse‐Guyot, E., Bréart, G., Clavel‐Chapelon, F., & Boutron‐Ruault, M. (2008) · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research · doi:10.1359/jbmr.080712 · Cited by 91
Lee, J. E., Spiegelman, D. L., Hunter, D. J., Albanes, D., Bernstein, L., van den Brandt, P. A., Buring, J. E., Cho, E., English, D. R., Freudenheim, J. L., et al. (2008) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djn386 · Cited by 89
Direct and indirect cost of urea excretion
Bankir, L., Bouby, N., Trinh‐Trang‐Tan, M., Ahloulay, M., & Promeneur, D. (1996) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.1996.232 · Cited by 88
Principles of Nutritional Assessment. Second Edition
Rutishauser, I. H. E. (2006) · Nutrition & Dietetics · doi:10.1111/j.1747-0080.2006.00083.x · Cited by 87
Iqbal, S. I., Helge, J. W., & Heitmann, B. L. (2006) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2006.13 · Cited by 83
Hartman, J. W., Moore, D. R., & Phillips, S. M. (2006) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h06-031 · Cited by 80
Effect of soya protein on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Dong, J.-Y., Tong, X., Wu, Z., Xun, P., He, K., & Qin, L. (2011) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114511000262 · Cited by 79
Frank, H., Gräf, J., Amann‐Gassner, U., Bratke, R., Daniel, H., Heemann, U. W., & Hauner, H. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.27601 · Cited by 76
Prentice, R. L., Huang, Y., Kuller, L. H., Tinker, L. F., Horn, L. V., Stefanick, M. L., Sarto, G. E., Ockene, J. K., & Johnson, K. (2011) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e31820839bc · Cited by 75
Fat and Protein Intake and Subsequent Breast Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women
Sieri, S., Krogh, V., Muti, P. C., Micheli, A., Pala, V. M., Crosignani, P., & Berrino, F. (2002) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1207/s15327914nc421_2 · Cited by 72
Dietary protein and risk of ischemic heart disease in middle-aged men.
Preis, S. R., Stampfer, M. J., Spiegelman, D., Willett, W. C., & Rimm, E. B. (2010) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2010.29626 · Cited by 71
Predicting 1-Year Change in Body Mass Index Among College Students
Adams, T. B., & Rini, A. (2007) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.3200/jach.55.6.361-366 · Cited by 67
Jakobsen, L. H., Kondrup, J., Zellner, M., Tetens, I., & Roth, E. (2011) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2010.12.010 · Cited by 66
Self-citationHigh risk mammographic parenchymal patterns and diet: a case–control study
Sala, E., Warren, R. M. L., Duffy, S. W., Welch, A., Luben, R., & Day, N. (2000) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1054/bjoc.2000.1151 · Cited by 65
Breuer-Katschinski, B. D., Nemes, K., Marr, A., Rump, B., Leiendecker, B., Breuer, N. F., & Goebell, H. (2001) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1023/a:1005519920643 · Cited by 61
Dietary protein and bone health: harmonizing conflicting theories
Thorpe, M. P., & Evans, E. M. (2011) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00379.x · Cited by 60
Weight gain among women in the late reproductive years
Sammel, M. D., Grisso, J. A., Freeman, E. W., Hollander, L., Liu, L., Liu, S., Nelson, D. B., & Battistini, M. (2003) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmg411 · Cited by 60
Liu, L., Ikeda, K., Sullivan, D. H., Ling, W., & Yamori, Y. (2002) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.25.689 · Cited by 58
Lack of association between dietary protein intake and risk of stroke among middle-aged men
Preis, S. R., Stampfer, M. J., Spiegelman, D. L., Willett, W. C., & Rimm, E. B. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28060 · Cited by 51
Thalacker-Mercer, A. E., Petrella, J. K., & Bamman, M. M. (2009) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h09-038 · Cited by 48
Harrington, M., Bennett, T., Jakobsen, J., Ovesen, L., Brot, C., Flynn, A., & Cashman, K. D. (2004) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn20031016 · Cited by 44
Is protein intake associated with bone mineral density in young women?
Beasley, J. M., Ichikawa, L., Ange, B. A., Spangler, L., LaCroix, A. Z., Ott, S. M., & Scholes, D. (2010) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28728 · Cited by 41
Macronutrients and colorectal cancer: a Swiss case-control study
Levi, F., Pasche, C., Lucchini, F., & Vecchia, C. L. (2002) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdf110 · Cited by 39
Macronutrients, fatty acids, cholesterol and pancreatic cancer
Lucenteforte, E., Talamini, R., Bosetti, C., Polesel, J., Franceschi, S., Serraino, D., Negri, E., & Vecchia, C. L. (2009) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2009.09.024 · Cited by 38
Macronutrient distribution over a period of 23 years in relation to energy intake and body fatness
Koppes, L. L. J., Boon, N., Nooyens, A. C. J., van Mechelen, W., & Saris, W. H. M. (2008) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114508986864 · Cited by 35
Almendingen, K., Hofstad, B., Trygg, K. U., Hoff, G. S., Hussain, A., & Vatn, M. H. (2001) · European Journal of Cancer Prevention · doi:10.1097/00008469-200110000-00003 · Cited by 34
Effects of different dietary protein intakes on body composition and vascular reactivity
Ferrara, L. A., Innelli, P., Palmieri, V., Limauro, S., Luca, G. D., Ferrara, F., Liccardo, E., & Celentano, A. (2005) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602363 · Cited by 30
Response to Protein Loading in Normal and Diseased Kidneys
Bosch, J. P., Lew, S. Q., & Lauer, A. (1986) · Cited by 28
Aerobic exercise training decreases leucine oxidation at rest in healthy adults
Gaine, P. C., Viesselman, C. T., Pikosky, M. A., Martin, W. F., Armstrong, L. E., Pescatello, L. S., & Rodriguez, N. R. (2005) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/135.5.1088 · Cited by 26
Nutrients and Risk of Prostate Cancer
Hu, J., Vecchia, C. L., Gibbons, L., Negri, E., Mery, L., & Epidemio, C. C. R. (2010) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1080/01635581003605953 · Cited by 22
Energy, macronutrients and laryngeal cancer risk
Bosetti, C., Vecchia, C. L., Talamini, R., Negri, E., Levi, F., Fryzek, J. P., McLaughlin, J. K., Garavello, W., & Franceschi, S. (2003) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdg251 · Cited by 19
Rumpler, W. V., Kramer, M., Rhodes, D., & Paul, D. (2005) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803155 · Cited by 18
Bowden, R. G., Lanning, B. A., Doyle, E. I., Slonaker, B., Johnston, H. M., & Scanes, G. (2007) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.3200/jach.56.2.147-152 · Cited by 10
Hillson, D. R. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.1093/med/9780198705635.003.0018 · Cited by 3
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Mayne ST, 2001, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 10, 1055
- Summerbell CD, 2009, Int J Obes, 33, S1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dietary protein intake and human health
Wu, G. (2016) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c5fo01530h · Cited by 748
Japanese clinical practice guideline for diabetes 2019
Araki, E., Goto, A., Kondo, T., Noda, M., Noto, H., Origasa, H., Osawa, H., Taguchi, A., Tanizawa, Y., Tobe, K., et al. (2020) · Diabetology International · doi:10.1007/s13340-020-00439-5 · Cited by 545
Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023
Blomhoff, R., Andersen, R., Arnesen, E., Christensen, J. J., Eneroth, H., Erkkola, M., Gudanaviciene, I., Halldorsson, T. I., Høyer-Lund, A., Lemming, E. W., et al. (2023) · Nordic Council of Ministers eBooks · doi:10.6027/nord2023-003 · Cited by 455
Nutrition and Kidney Stone Disease
Siener, R. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13061917 · Cited by 379
Japanese Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes 2019
Araki, E., Goto, A., Kondo, T., Noda, M., Noto, H., Origasa, H., Osawa, H., Taguchi, A., Tanizawa, Y., Tobe, K., et al. (2020) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.13306 · Cited by 346
Metadata
- Authors
- Pedersen, A. N., Kondrup, J., & Børsheim, E.
- Affiliations
- Technical University of Denmark (DK)
- Copenhagen University Hospital (DK)
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pedersen, Agnes N.
- ORCID
- Børsheim, Elisabet
- Venue
- Food & Nutrition Research
- Publisher
- SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation
- Published
- 2013-01
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 21245
- ISSN
- 1654-661X (ISSN-L)
- 1654-6628
- PMC
- PMC3730112
- OpenAlex
- W2022177344
- Cited by
- 167
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 1.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Food & Nutrition Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Diet and metabolism studies
- Keywords
- protein intake, protein requirements, nitrogen balance, plant proteins, animal protein, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, cancer mortality, type 2 diabetes, LDL cholesterol, blood pressure, bone health, kidney stones, renal function, body composition, weight management, exercise training, protein retention, high-protein low-carbohydrate diet, Nordic Nutrition Recommendations, healthy adults, energy intake, body weight
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
