Hippocampal and neocortical contributions to memory: advances in the complementary learning systems framework

O'Reilly, Randall C; Norman, Kenneth A

doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(02)02005-3

Cited by 351Memory and Neural MechanismsMemory Processes and InfluencesNeural dynamics and brain function

Hippocampal and neocortical contributions to memory: advances in the complementary learning systems framework

O'Reilly, Randall C, Norman, Kenneth A·2002·Trends in Cognitive Sciences

DOI 10.1016/s1364-6613(02)02005-3

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Abstract

The complementary learning systems framework provides a simple set of principles, derived from converging biological, psychological and computational constraints, for understanding the differential contributions of the neocortex and hippocampus to learning and memory. The central principles are that the neocortex has a low learning rate and uses overlapping distributed representations to extract the general statistical structure of the environment, whereas the hippocampus learns rapidly using separated representations to encode the details of specific events while minimizing interference. In recent years, we have instantiated these principles in working computational models, and have used these models to address human and animal learning and memory findings, across a wide range of domains and paradigms. Here, we review a few representative applications of our models, focusing on two domains: recognition memory and animal learning in the fear-conditioning paradigm. In both domains, the models have generated novel predictions that have been tested and confirmed.

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The two complementary memory systems-the hippocampal system and the neocortical sensori-motor areas-allow the coexistence of instances and abstractions, thus solving the two basic knowledge functions of an organism that needs to acquire both specifics and generalizations, and they prevent the problem of catastrophic interference suffered by purely implicit connectionist mechanisms.
“The two complementary memory systems-the hippocampal system and the neocortical sensori-motor areas-allow the coexistence of instances and abstractions, thus solving the two basic knowledge functions of an organism that needs to be able to acquire both specifics ~”
From AT THE INTERFACE: DYNAMIC INTERACTIONS OF EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE (2005) · cites this paper as O'Reilly & Norman, 2002

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Authors: O'Reilly, R. C., & Norman, K. A.
Affiliations: University of Colorado Boulder (US)
ORCID: Norman, Kenneth A
Venue: Trends in Cognitive Sciences
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2002-12
Volume: 6
Issue: 12
Pages: 505-510
ISSN: 1364-6613 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s1364-6613(02)02005-3
OpenAlex: W2104939199
Cited by: 351
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 21
FWCI: 1.26
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Trends in Cognitive Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Keywords: complementary learning systems, hippocampus, neocortex, memory, recognition memory, fear conditioning, computational models of learning, distributed representations, learning rate, interference minimization

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Hippocampal and neocortical contributions to memory: advances in the complementary learning systems framework

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