The DOI matches its Crossref record; 266 of the 266 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Meta-analytic evidence for a superordinate cognitive control network subserving diverse executive functions
Open accessAbstract
Classic cognitive theory conceptualizes executive functions as involving multiple specific domains, including initiation, inhibition, working memory, flexibility, planning, and vigilance. Lesion and neuroimaging experiments over the past two decades have suggested that both common and unique processes contribute to executive functions during higher cognition. It has been suggested that a superordinate fronto–cingulo–parietal network supporting cognitive control may also underlie a range of distinct executive functions. To test this hypothesis in the largest sample to date, we used quantitative meta-analytic methods to analyze 193 functional neuroimaging studies of 2,832 healthy individuals, ages 18–60, in which performance on executive function measures was contrasted with an active control condition. A common pattern of activation was observed in the prefrontal, dorsal anterior cingulate, and parietal cortices across executive function domains, supporting the idea that executive functions are supported by a superordinate cognitive control network. However, domain-specific analyses showed some variation in the recruitment of anterior prefrontal cortex, anterior and midcingulate regions, and unique subcortical regions such as the basal ganglia and cerebellum. These results are consistent with the existence of a superordinate cognitive control network in the brain, involving dorsolateral prefrontal, anterior cingulate, and parietal cortices, that supports a broad range of executive functions.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“For example, Niendam et al.‘s [137] meta-analytic study of 193 neuroimaging fMRI studies of EF showed broad patterns of activation across the lateral and medial PFC, including regions BA-9 and BA-46 (dlPFC) and BA-32 (rostral ACC), as well as both superior and inferior regions of the parietal lobes for tasks with predominantly working memory, flexibility, or inhibitory components.”
From The role of prefrontal cortex in cognitive control and executive function (2022) · cites this paper as [137]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Conjunction maps of activation during different tasks (e.g., during inhibiting, updating, and shifting tasks), either with data estimated within one study [135, 138, 139] or with meta-analytic techniques [137, 140, 141], suggest that both children and adults recruit a common set of regions within the FPN and CON during diverse EF tasks.”
From The role of prefrontal cortex in cognitive control and executive function (2022) · cites this paper as [137]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“At the neurobiological level, this unity can be seen in the overall patterns of neural activations during CC tasks [135–137]: Neuroimaging studies suggest that individuals performing these kinds of tasks generally activate some of the same brain regions across multiple tasks, although they also activate some regions that are unique to a particular task.”
From The role of prefrontal cortex in cognitive control and executive function (2022) · cites this paper as [137]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The ECN, which overlaps with the frontostriatal and frontoparietal networks, is a fundamental neural substrate underpinning higher-order cognitive functions.”
From Cognitive Inflexibility Shares Across Schizophrenia and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Task-Based Functional MRI Study (2025) · cites this paper as [39]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The cognitive control network (CCN),7 mainly comprising the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, postparietal cortex, and frontal eye fields, plays a pivotal role in regulating top-down cognitive processes.8”
From Can Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Relieve Executive Dysfunction in Patients With Late-Life Depression? (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The DLPFC is a key node within the cognitive control network, 13 which is thought to subserve executive functions, such as response inhibition, set-shifting, and planning.”
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The Go system could drive craving and engage habits via the basal ganglia.105,127”
From Neurobiology of addiction: a neurocircuitry analysis (2016) · cites this paper as [127]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“It is now widely established that the frontoparietal control network (FPCN) plays an important role in executive control of attention.156–159”
From The default network and self-generated thought: component processes, dynamic control, and clinical relevance (2014) · cites this paper as [158]
In the citing paper
“Although the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is thought to play a key role in mediating executive control, neuroimaging and lesion studies demonstrated that the performance of executive tasks is associated with activation in a large set of brain regions, involving prefrontal and parietal areas, motor regions, as well as subcortical structures, such as basal ganglia and thalamus (Duncan and Owen, 2000; D”
From Executive control training from middle childhood to adolescence (2014) · cites this paper as Niendam et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“Decades of functional neuroimaging work has delineated brain networks underlying EFs that contribute to cognitive flexibility (21,22), namely the executive control/lateral frontoparietal (L-FPN) and salience/midcingulo-insular networks (M-CIN) (23–25).”
From Brain Mechanisms Supporting Flexible Cognition and Behavior in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder (2021) · cites this paper as [22]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
An Integrative Theory of Prefrontal Cortex Function
Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.167 · Cited by 12,803 · cited 2×
“…stimulus–response pairings, while the DLPFC is thought to support its ability to shift attentional focus according to the demands of the task at hand (Bunge, Hazeltine, Scanlon, Rosen, & Gabrieli, 2002; Bunge, Kahn, Wallis, Miller, & Wagner, 2003; Miller & Cohen, 2001; Posner & Petersen, 1990).”
BackgroundThe attention system of the human brain
Posner, M. I., & Petersen, S. E. (1990) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.13.030190.000325 · Cited by 8,070 · cited 2×
“2 Ravizza and Carter (2008). 3 Luna et al.”
BackgroundConflict monitoring and cognitive control
Botvinick, M. M., Braver, T. S., Barch, D. M., Carter, C. S., & Cohen, J. D. (2001) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.108.3.624 · Cited by 7,351 · cited 2×
“Results of the combined analysis across domains showed that executive functions are indeed associated with increased activity in this common cognitive control network (Bellebaum & Daum, 2007; Botvinick et al., 2001; Carter et al., 1999; Cohen et al., 2000; D’Esposito & Postle, 2002; Yarkoni et al., 2005), which includ…”
BackgroundSelf-citationLarge-scale brain networks and psychopathology: a unifying triple network model
Menon, V. (2011) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2011.08.003 · Cited by 4,168 · cited 2×
“Through increased understanding of the function of modular components within this network, along with their anatomical connections and functional interactions, we will be able to more effectively investigate the mechanisms by which aberrant behavior or clinical symptoms may result from dysfunction in individual region…”
BackgroundFrom Neuropsychology to Mental Structure
Shallice, T. (1988) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511526817 · Cited by 4,072
Binder, J. R., Desai, R. H., Graves, W. W., & Conant, L. L. (2009) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp055 · Cited by 4,060
Specific impairments of planning
Shallice, T. (1982) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1982.0082 · Cited by 3,741
MacDonald, A. W., Cohen, J. D., Stenger, V. A., & Carter, C. S. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.288.5472.1835 · Cited by 3,666
Self-citationN-back working memory paradigm: a meta-analysis of normative functional neuroimaging studies.
Owen, A. M., McMillan, K. M., Laird, A. R., & Bullmore, E. (2005) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20131 · Cited by 3,560 · cited 1×
“Activation likelihood estimation has been has been used to address similar research questions in both healthy and patient samples (Binder, Desai, Graves, & Conant, 2009; Caspers, Zilles, Laird, & Eickhoff, 2010; Chouinard & Goodale, 2010; Dickstein, Bannon, Castellanos, & Milham, 2006; Fusar-Poli et al., 2009; Glahn e…”
Self-citationAnterior Cingulate Cortex, Error Detection, and the Online Monitoring of Performance
Carter, C. S., Braver, T. S., Barch, D. M., Botvinick, M. M., Noll, D., & Cohen, J. D. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.280.5364.747 · Cited by 3,273 · cited 1×
“According to this view, cognitive control mechanisms support the range of executive functions, including working memory, selective attention, stimulus–response mapping, and performance monitoring (Carter et al., 1998; Cohen, Dunbar, & McClelland, 1990; Miyake & Shah, 1999; Shallice, 1988), and are not restricted to a…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- D’Esposito, M., & Postle, B. R. (2002). The neural basis of working memory storage, rehearsal, and control processes: Evidence from patient and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–800 of 1,007
Executive Functions Brain Functional System
Ardila, A. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25077-5_2 · Cited by 25
Thams, F., Kuzmina, A. V., Backhaus, M., Li, S., Grittner, U., Antonenko, D., & Flöel, A. (2020) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-020-00692-5 · Cited by 19
Wysiadecki, G., Mazurek, A., Walocha, J. A., Majos, A., Tubbs, R. S., Iwanaga, J., Żytkowski, A., & Radek, M. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11070872 · Cited by 17
Chen, Z., Feng, P., Becker, B., Xu, T., Nassar, M. R., Sirois, F. M., Hommel, B., Zhang, C., He, Q., Qiu, J., et al. (2021) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100378 · Cited by 20
“PTSD has been closely linked to impaired emotional regulation, a regulatory function which critically relies on the integrity of frontoparietal network (FPN) and which is crucial for the fear learning (Anticevic et al., 2012; Niendam et al., 2012).”
Tempest, G. D., & Reiss, A. L. (2018) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001875 · Cited by 23
“Separate LMM indicated no main effect of condition (at rest and during low, moderate, and high intensities) for activation in the superior (HbO, F(3,36) = 1.”
BackgroundExecutive Function Deficits in Patients after Cerebellar Neurosurgery
Mak, M., Tyburski, E. M., Madany, Ł., Sokołowski, A., & Samochowiec, A. (2015) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617715001174 · Cited by 20
“Those processes are linked to the activity of different areas of the brain involved in the so-called central executive network, including, for example, DL-PFC, ACC, basal ganglia, the thalamus, and the cerebellum (Niendam et al., 2012).”
BackgroundControversies and progress on standardization of large-scale brain network nomenclaturePreprint
Uddin, L. Q., Betzel, R. F., Cohen, J. R., Damoiseaux, J. S., Brigard, F. D., Eickhoff, S. B., Fornito, A., Gratton, C., Gordon, E. M., Laird, A., et al. (2022) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/25za6 · Cited by 18
Self-citationAn implementation of integrated information theory in resting-state fMRI
Nemirovsky, I. E., Popiel, N. J. M., Rudas, J., Caius, M., Naci, L., Schiff, N. D., Owen, A. M., & Soddu, A. (2023) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-023-05063-y · Cited by 15
Wintermute, S., Betts, S., Ferris, J. L., Fincham, J. M., & Anderson, J. R. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050154 · Cited by 17
He, H. G., Li, Y., Chen, Q., Wei, D., Shi, L., Wu, X., & Qiu, J. (2020) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107674 · Cited by 17
The left prefrontal cortex supports inhibitory processing during semantic memory retrieval
Marko, M., & Riečanský, I. (2020) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2020.11.001 · Cited by 20
van de Groep, I. H., Bos, M. G. N., Jansen, L. M. C., Kocevska, D., Bexkens, A., Cohn, M. D., van Domburgh, L., Popma, A., & Crone, E. A. (2022) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2022.102973 · Cited by 20
Chenot, Q., Hamery, C., Lepron, E., Besson, P., Boissezon, X. D., Perrey, S., & Scannella, S. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-08545-x · Cited by 17
Causal connectivity from right DLPFC to IPL in schizophrenia patients: a pilot study
Ćurĉić‐Blake, B., Kos, C., & Aleman, A. (2022) · Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/s41537-022-00216-0 · Cited by 17
“The neural correlates of the executive function are multifarious but consistently involve the fronto-parietal network (FPN) including the dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and parietal cortex 10 .”
BackgroundZhao, S., Khoo, S., Ng, S., & Chi, A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19063321 · Cited by 18
“The frontoparietal network, the executive control network, is mainly involved in the advanced cognitive regulation of negative emotional conflicts [31,32].”
BackgroundNeural connectome features of procrastination: Current progress and future direction
Chen, Z., & Feng, T. (2022) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2022.105882 · Cited by 22
Different Music Training Modulates Theta Brain Oscillations Associated with Executive Function
Wang, J., Xu, R., Guo, X., Guo, S., Zhou, J., Lü, J., & Yao, D. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12101304 · Cited by 18
Wang, F., Xi, C., Liu, Z., Deng, M., Zhang, W., Cao, H., Yang, J., & Palaniyappan, L. K. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.220053 · Cited by 18
Thomas, S. A., Ryan, S. K., & Gilman, J. M. (2023) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108708 · Cited by 20
Brain dynamics of mental workload in a multitasking context: Evidence from dynamic causal modeling
Huang, J., Pugh, Z. H., Kim, S., & Nam, C. S. (2023) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2023.108043 · Cited by 18
Brain Structural and Functional Substrates of Personal Distress in Empathy
Luo, S., Zhong, S., Zhu, Y., Wang, C., Yang, J., Gu, L., Huang, Y., Xie, X., Zheng, S., Zhou, H., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00099 · Cited by 17
“…aMCC, dlPFC and inferior parietal gyrus are parts of the cognitive executive control network that is responsible for executive functions including initiation, inhibition, working memory, flexibility, planning and vigilance and response preparation (Cole and Schneider, 2007; Niendam et al., 2012).”
BackgroundMogadam, A., Keller, A. E., Arnold, P. D., Schachar, R. J., Lerch, J. P., Anagnostou, E. A., & Pang, E. W. (2019) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-019-9280-2 · Cited by 20
Kwak, Y. B., Cho, K. I. K., Hwang, W. J., Kim, A., Ha, M., Park, H., Lee, J., Lee, T. Y., Kim, M., & Kwon, J. S. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-99170-7 · Cited by 16
Kolomeets, N. S., & Uranova, N. A. (2021) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-021-01353-w · Cited by 17
“The PFC (including BA10) and BA40 are seeds of the frontal–parietal–subcortical cognitive control network widely reported to be altered in schizophrenia [12].”
BackgroundTracking the implicit self using event-related potentials
Egenolf, Y., Stein, M., Koenig, T. W., Holtforth, M. G., Dierks, T., & Caspar, F. (2013) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-013-0169-3 · Cited by 18
“…temporal gyrus R 38 20 8 −34 −2.93 congruent > incongruent inferior frontal gyrus L 45 −50 20 8 2.86 superior frontal gyrus R 6 20 3 64 2.87 of the anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices in tasks involving conflicts and action selection (Nee,Wager, & Jonides, 2007; Niendam et al., 2012).”
InfluentialMeasuring and Improving Executive Functioning in the Classroom
Kavanaugh, B. C., Tuncer, Ö. F., & Wexler, B. E. (2018) · Journal of Cognitive Enhancement · doi:10.1007/s41465-018-0095-y · Cited by 22
“EF is neurally subserved by the cognitive control network, an interconnected network of frontal, parietal, and subcortical region structures (Senkowski and Gallinat 2015; Niendam et al. 2012).”
BackgroundAn update on the neurobiology of repetitive behaviors in autism
Yerys, B. E. (2015) · International review of research in developmental disabilities · doi:10.1016/bs.irrdd.2015.06.006 · Cited by 16
Armstrong, M., Castellanos, J. P., & Christie, D. (2024) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2024.1346053 · Cited by 19
Burghart, M., Schmidt, S., & Mier, D. U. (2024) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291724001259 · Cited by 31
Breukelaar, I. A., Griffiths, K. R., Harris, A. W. F., Foster, S., Williams, L. M., & Korgaonkar, M. S. (2020) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2020.08.014 · Cited by 16
Yuan, Q., Ma, F., Zhang, M., Chen, M., Zhang, Z., Wu, J., Lu, C., & Guo, T. (2020) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113086 · Cited by 15
Lace, J. W., Seitz, D. J., Austin, T. A., Kennedy, E. E., Ferguson, B. J., & Mohrland, M. D. (2021) · Applied Neuropsychology Child · doi:10.1080/21622965.2021.1910950 · Cited by 17
Chahal, R., Ho, T., Miller, J. G., Borchers, L., & Gotlib, I. (2022) · JCPP Advances · doi:10.1002/jcv2.12061 · Cited by 16
“Functional and structural connections among frontal, parietal, and temporal brain regions support executive control (Niendam et al., 2012), which is necessary for emotion regulation, particularly”
Shi, J., Huang, H., Jiang, R., Mao, X., Huang, Q., & Li, A.-M. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.781099 · Cited by 17
Does prefrontal connectivity during task switching help or hinder children’s performance?
Schwarze, S. A., Laube, C., Khosravani, N., Lindenberger, U., Bunge, S. A., & Fandakova, Y. (2023) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101217 · Cited by 16
“in task switching (Derrfuss et al., 2005; Kim et al., 2012; Niendam et al., 2012; Richter and Yeung, 2014; Worringer et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2021), particularly for transient processes Jo ur na l P r -p ro of”
Wang, D., Tang, L., Xi, C., Luo, D., Yin, L., Huang, Q., Wang, Z., Chen, J., Zhao, X., Zhou, H., et al. (2023) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-023-02498-z · Cited by 15
“This network includes the cingulate cortex (CC), especially the ACC [69, 70], which was found to display coordinated activation during cognitive control tasks and was thought to constitute part of the cognitive control network (CCN) [71].”
BackgroundWolna, A., Szewczyk, J., Diaz, M. T., Domagalik, A., Marcin Szwed, A., & Wodniecka, Z. (2023) · Neurobiology of Language · doi:10.1162/nol_a_00128 · Cited by 37
“…showing that the brain networks that support language switching and task switching overlap (Blanco-Elorrieta & Pylkkänen, 2016; Coderre et al., 2016; De Baene et al., 2015; Luk et al., 2012; Mendoza et al., 2021; Nee et al., 2007; Niendam et al., 2012; Weissberger et al., 2015; Wu et al., 2019).”
Zurrin, R., Wong, S. T. S., Roes, M., Percival, C. M., Chinchani, A. M., Arreaza, L., Kusi, M., Momeni, A., Rasheed, M., Mo, Z., et al. (2024) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2024.101807 · Cited by 20
Pupil Size and Eye Movements Differently Index Effort in Both Younger and Older Adults
Herrmann, B., & Ryan, J. D. (2024) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_02172 · Cited by 16
“…movement explorations may involve cognitive control and monitoring regions, such as the prefrontal, cingulate, and parietal cortices (Braver, 2012; Niendam et al., 2012; Cole & Schneider, 2007), that drive structures associated with eye movement initiation, such as the frontal and supplementary…”
BackgroundGenetics of cognitive control: Implications for Nimh's research domain criteria initiative
Glahn, D. C., Knowles, E. E. M., & Pearlson, G. D. (2015) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32345 · Cited by 16
“This observation was confirmed in a recent meta analysis of 193 functional neuroimaging studies involving 2,832 healthy individuals performing various executive function measures noted a common pattern of activation in prefrontal, dorsal anterior cingulate, and parietal cortices across domains, supporting the idea tha…”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationGold, B. T., Brown, C. A., Hakun, J. G., Shaw, L. M. J., Trojanowski, J. Q., & Smith, C. D. (2017) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.06.012 · Cited by 17
“The DLPFC contributes to multiple cognitive control processes (Niendam et al., 2012) and flexibly interacts with domain-preferential (i.”
Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication
Marinković, K., Beaton, L. E., Rosen, B. Q., Happer, J. P., & Wagner, L. C. (2019) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/58839 · Cited by 21
Egroo, M. V., Narbutas, J., Chylinski, D., González, P. V., Ghaemmaghami, P., Muto, V., Schmidt, C., Gaggioni, G., Besson, G., Pépin, X., et al. (2019) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-019-0693-y · Cited by 21
Bergé, D., Lesh, T. A., Smucny, J., & Carter, C. S. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720004808 · Cited by 16
Self-citationA Frontal Account of False Alarms
Festini, S. B., & Katz, B. (2021) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01683 · Cited by 17
“In other models, frontoparietal networks have been proposed to be domain-general, contributing to performance across disparate challenging tasks that require executive functioning (e.g., Fedorenko, Duncan, & Kanwisher, 2013; Niendam et al., 2012).”
BackgroundResultMa, M., Zhang, Y., Zhang, X., Yan, H., Zhang, D., & Yue, W. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.705998 · Cited by 16
Maissen‐Abgottspon, S., Muri, R., Christ, S. E., Hochuli, M., Radojewski, P., Trepp, R., & Everts, R. (2022) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2022.102974 · Cited by 16
Badcock, J. C. (2015) · Review of Philosophy and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s13164-015-0270-3 · Cited by 17
“It is important to remember that intrusive cognitions are usually met by a response in the central executive network in an attempt to reinstate control and coordinate thoughts and actions (Niendam et al. 2012).”
BackgroundFonctionnement exécutif et réseaux cérébraux
Collette, F., & Salmon, É. (2014) · Revue de neuropsychologie · doi:10.1684/nrp.2014.0321 · Cited by 36
“[28] vont montrer qu’un ensemble de processus exécutifs distincts (flexibilité, inhibition, mémoire de travail, initiation, planification, vigilance) sont effectivement sous-tendus par un réseau commun comprenant le cortex préfrontal, le cortex cingulaire antérieur dorsal et les régions pariétales.”
BackgroundBeyond “Cold” Cognition: Exploring Cognitive Control of Emotion as a Risk Factor for Psychosis
Tully, L. M., & Niendam, T. A. (2014) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-014-0016-z · Cited by 17
Self-citationYoussef, G., Whittle, S., Allen, N., Lubman, D., Simmons, J., & Yücel, M. (2016) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12480 · Cited by 11
He, H. G., Chen, Q., Wei, D., Shi, L., & Qiu, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02791 · Cited by 17
“, 2008), and it has been previously described as a task-positive or executive control network (Seeley et al., 2007; Corbetta et al., 2008; Vincent et al., 2008; Niendam et al., 2012; Raichle, 2015; Mittner et al., 2016).”
BackgroundDeng, J., Zhang, M., Chen, G., Lu, X., Cheng, X., Qin, C., Tian, M., Gong, K., Liu, K., Chen, J., et al. (2025) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2025.111336 · Cited by 17
“The SFG is typically viewed as a key brain region for multiple functions, including cognitive control (Niendam et al., 2012), emotion regulation (Frank et al., 2014), self-focused reappraisal (Falquez et al., 2014), and effective response inhibition to impulsivity (Hu et al., 2016).”
Context-processing abilities in chronic cocaine users.
Jones, J. A. H., Lim, K. O., Wozniak, J. R., Specker, S. M., & MacDonald, A. W. (2013) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0032237 · Cited by 15
“…target response inhibition per se, these tasks measure a specific cognitive process that plays a role in successfully inhibiting responses, and activation patterns measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging show a great deal of overlap in brain activation patterns (Niendam et al., 2012).”
Dynamic Adjustments of Midfrontal Control Signals in Adults and Adolescents
Gyurkovics, M., & Levita, L. (2020) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaa258 · Cited by 19
“…involved in generating and maintaining task-relevant goals, and suppressing task-irrelevant goals (Gratton, Cooper, et al. 2018), and is underpinned by a complex interplay of brain networks including frontal, parietal, and cingulate regions (Niendam et al. 2012; Gratton, Sun, et al. 2018).”
BackgroundReineberg, A. E., Banich, M. T., Wager, T. D., & Friedman, N. P. (2021) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118845 · Cited by 17
Assessing executive functions in post-stroke aphasia—utility of verbally based tests
Schumacher, R., Halai, A. D., & Ralph, M. A. L. (2022) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcac107 · Cited by 15
Xu, Y., Guo, H., Zheng, R., Wei, Y., Wen, B., Fang, K., Zhang, Y., Cheng, J., & Han, S. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.112 · Cited by 15
Miller, A. B., Jenness, J. L., Elton, A., Pelletier‐Baldelli, A., Patel, K. K., Bonar, A. S., Martin, S., Dichter, G. S., Giletta, M., Slavich, G. M., et al. (2023) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.10.015 · Cited by 17
“The SFG is a core PFC region involved in cognitive control (66).”
BackgroundZhao, Q., Wang, Z., Yang, C., Han, C., Zhang, Y., Zeb, I., Wang, P., Wu, H., Xiao, Q., Xu, F., et al. (2024) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14564 · Cited by 15
“The frontoparietal region is the brain region predominantly involved in cognitive control (Niendam et al., 2012).”
InfluentialResting-state networks and anosognosia in Alzheimer’s disease
Tondelli, M., Ballotta, D., Maramotti, R., Carbone, C., Gallingani, C., Mackay, C. E., Pagnoni, G., Chiari, A., & Zamboni, G. (2024) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2024.1415994 · Cited by 15
“…as the frontoparietal network (FPN), has been implicated in the functional interplay between the DMN and the SN (Spreng et al., 2010), as well as in a range of executive functions, including working memory, performance monitoring, and planning (Niendam et al., 2012; Spreng and Schacter, 2012).”
BackgroundApathy is related to reduced activation in cognitive control regions during set‐shifting
Klaasen, N. G., Kos, C., Aleman, A., & Opmeer, E. M. (2017) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23556 · Cited by 15
“Whereas the cerebellum is classically thought to be involved in motion control, it has become apparent that cerebellar activation is also involved in executive functions [Koziol et al., 2014], in particular cerebellar Crus I/II [E et al., 2014; Niendam et al., 2012; Stoodley, 2012].”
BackgroundLiu, X., Tu, Y., Zang, Y., Wu, A., Guo, Z., & He, J. (2019) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2019/2981764 · Cited by 15
Neural substrates of verbal repetition deficits in primary progressive aphasia
Miller, H. E., Cordella, C., Collins, J. A., Ezzo, R., Quimby, M., Hochberg, D., Tourville, J. A., Dickerson, B. C., & Guenther, F. H. (2021) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcab015 · Cited by 15
“gested role as part of a multi-domain cognitive system (Niendam et al., 2012; Fedorenko et al., 2013).”
BackgroundExecutive function-related functional connectomes predict intellectual abilities
He, L., Liu, W., Zhuang, K., Meng, J., & Qiu, J. (2021) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2021.101527 · Cited by 15
Activation in Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Underlies Stuttering Anticipation
Jackson, E. S., Dravida, S., Zhang, X., Noah, J. A., Gracco, V. L., & Hirsch, J. (2022) · Neurobiology of Language · doi:10.1162/nol_a_00073 · Cited by 17
“Cognitive control encompasses planning, initiating, and inhibiting actions or tasks, and being flexible and vigilant to tasks in response to environmental demands (Niendam et al., 2012).”
BackgroundXie, C., Luchini, S. A., Beaty, R. E., Du, Y., Liu, C., & Li, Y. (2022) · Creativity Research Journal · doi:10.1080/10400419.2022.2108265 · Cited by 18
“In contrast, the FPCN encompasses lateral pre-frontal and anterior inferior parietal brain areas and is associated with primary executive abilities such as goal maintenance, inhibition, and attentional control (Niendam et al., 2012).”
BackgroundFarkas, D., Denham, S. L., Bendixen, A., Tóth, D., Kondo, H. M., & Winkler, I. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154810 · Cited by 17
Age-Related Shift in Neuro-Activation during a Word-Matching Task
Methqal, I., Provost, J.-S., Wilson, M. A., Monchi, O., Amiri, M., Pinsard, B., Ansado, J., & Joanette, Y. (2017) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00265 · Cited by 16
“These ROIs (identified in our participants) have been widely reported in cognitive control tasks in previous studies (Rypma et al., 2006; Badre and D’Esposito, 2007; Nagel et al., 2008; Niendam et al., 2012; Whitney et al., 2012; Noonan et al., 2013).”
ResultToward Interfaces that Help Users Identify Misinformation Online: Using fNIRS to Measure Suspicion
Hirshfield, L., Bobko, P., Barelka, A. J., Sommer, N. M., & Velipasalar, S. (2019) · Augmented Human Research · doi:10.1007/s41133-019-0011-8 · Cited by 15
Guo, J. Y., Niendam, T. A., Auther, A. M., Carrión, R. E., Cornblatt, B. A., Ragland, J. D., Adelsheim, S. N., Calkins, R., Sale, T. G., Taylor, S. F., et al. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719002332 · Cited by 17
Self-citationThe impairments of sleep loss on core executive functions: General and task-specific effects
Cao, Y., Xie, T., & Ma, N. (2025) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2025.102163 · Cited by 26
Distress tolerance to auditory feedback and functional connectivity with the auditory cortex
Addicott, M. A., Daughters, S. B., Strauman, T. J., & Appelbaum, L. G. (2018) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2018.10.003 · Cited by 14
Januszko, P., Gmaj, B., Piotrowski, T., Kopera, M., Klimkiewicz, A., Wnorowska, A., Wołyńczyk-Gmaj, D., Brower, K. J., Wojnar, M., & Jakubczyk, A. (2020) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108393 · Cited by 15
Ghaderi, A., Niemeier, M., & Crawford, J. D. (2022) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhac194 · Cited by 13
Smit, D., Trevino, L., Mohamed, S. M. H., & Enriquez‐Geppert, S. (2023) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108503 · Cited by 16
Cortical and subcortical morphological alterations in postpartum depression
Yang, W., Jiang, Y., Ma, L., Xiao, M., Liu, M., Ren, Z., Zhang, Y., & Hu, L. (2023) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114414 · Cited by 15
“of the cognitive control network and plays an important role in executive function, cognitive processing and emotional regulation [46, 47].”
BackgroundNeal, J., Song, I., Katz, B., & Lee, T. (2023) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_02036 · Cited by 17
“In addition to the LC-seed connectivity analysis that showed the LC–SAL connectivity is associated with the ANT score (see Results section), we further examined the role of the FPN in LC–SAL dynamics, as studies have demonstrated that the DLPFC, the core region of FPN, is involved in attention and/or executive functio…”
Fascher, M., Nowaczynski, S., Spindler, C., Strobach, T., & Muehlhan, M. (2023) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-023-06498-1 · Cited by 16
“The rAI is an essential node of the salience network (Uddin et al. 2019) involved in a whole range of cognitive functions (Niendam et al. 2012).”
Pereira, D. J., Morais, S., Sayal, A., Pereira, J., Meneses, S., Areias, G., Direito, B., Macedo, A., & Castelo-Branco, M. S. (2024) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-024-09531-2 · Cited by 19
“These regions integrate the super-ordinate fronto-cingulo-parietal network that underlies EF processing, in which the DLPFC acts as a key hub [9, 11, 14].”
BackgroundQiao, J., Shiwan, T., Yurong, S., Jiabo, S., Yu, C., Tian, S., Zhijian, Y., & Lü, Q. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05970-2 · Cited by 15
ERP correlates of the conflict level in the multi-response Stroop task
Chuderski, A., Senderecka, M., Kałamała, P., Kroczek, B., & Ociepka, M. (2016) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.08.041 · Cited by 15
Ram, D., George, M., & Gowdappa, B. (2018) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_183_18 · Cited by 14
“[43] These structures are involved in cognitive control processes managed by CCN.[44] Inefficient responses of the CCN to emotional stimuli perpetuate the emotion dysregulation.”
BackgroundExecutive function in systemic arterial hypertension: A systematic review
Moraes, N. C., Aprahamian, I., & Yassuda, M. S. (2019) · Dementia & Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1590/1980-57642018dn13-030004 · Cited by 17
Schroeter, M. L., Eickhoff, S. B., & Engel, A. (2020) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2020.03.010 · Cited by 12
Altered brain network topology related to working memory in internet addiction
Wang, H., Sun, Y., Lan, F., & Liu, Y. (2020) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2020.00020 · Cited by 14
“Imaging studies have pointed out that frontal has been consistently determined to be related to WM demand and to be a dependable index of variations in the memory load of WM tasks (Grunwald, Weiss, Mueller, & Rall, 2014; Hsieh & Ranganath, 2014; Niendam et al., 2012).”
BackgroundReliable change in neuropsychological test scores is associated with brain atrophy in older adults
Lin, S. S. ‐., Fletcher, E. M., Gavett, B. E., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2020) · Journal of Neuropsychology · doi:10.1111/jnp.12226 · Cited by 14
“Regions that connect with the frontal lobe for executive functioning include the parietal lobe, limbic system, basal ganglia, and other cortical and subcortical regions (for a comprehensive meta-analytic review, see Niendam et al ., 2012).”
Response of multiple demand network to visual search demands
Jung, K., Min, Y., & Han, S. W. (2021) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117755 · Cited by 13
Klesel, M., Oschinsky, F. M., Conrad, C., & Niehaves, B. (2021) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-05-2020-0262 · Cited by 14
The use and change of emotion regulation strategies: The promoting effect of cognitive flexibility
Gao, W., Chen, S., Chen, Y., He, F., Yang, J., & Yuan, J. (2020) · Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version) · doi:10.1360/tb-2020-1035 · Cited by 16
Smit, D., Dapor, C., Koerts, J., Tucha, O. M., Huster, R. J., & Enriquez‐Geppert, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2023.1163380 · Cited by 17
“The MCC is an important hub within the superordinate fronto-cinguloparietal network (Niendam et al., 2012).”
BackgroundFunctional brain networks during picture encoding and recognition in different odor contexts
Reichert, J. L., Ninaus, M., Schuehly, W., Hirschmann, C., Bagga, D., & Schöpf, V. (2017) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.06.022 · Cited by 14
The Relevance of Immaturities in the Juvenile Brain to Culpability and Rehabilitation.
Luna, B. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 14
Smucny, J., Lesh, T. A., Zarubin, V. C., Niendam, T. A., Ragland, J. D., Tully, L. M., & Carter, C. S. (2019) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbz122 · Cited by 14
Self-citationGriffiths-King, D., Seri, S., Beare, R. J., Catroppa, C., Anderson, V. A., & WOOD, A. G. (2020) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100762 · Cited by 14
“adolescence and childhood (Horowitz-Kraus, Holland, & Freund, 2016; McKenna, Rushe, & Woodcock, 2017) and adulthood (Niendam et al., 2012).”
McKenna, R., Rushe, T., & Woodcock, K. A. (2017) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00154 · Cited by 13
“Although, direct comparison between activation pertaining to inhibition and common executive has not been the focus, many previous studies have reported corresponding areas of activation for these constructs in child, adolescent and adult samples (Wager et al., 2005; Velanova et al., 2008; Niendam et al., 2012; Vara e…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialVilca, L. W. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.928425 · Cited by 17
“A meta-analysis study carried out in 193 studies that used the magnetic resonance technique showed that the lateral region of the prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, and the parietal cortex were activated in the main domains of cold executive functions: working memory, inhibition, flexibility, and planni…”
Shared grey matter correlates of reading and attention
Lee, M. M., Drury, B. C., McGrath, L. M., & Stoodley, C. J. (2023) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105230 · Cited by 12
“…gyrus, precuneus, and cerebellum (for reading, see Martin et al., 2015; Pugh et al, 2001; Taylor et al., 2013; Turkeltaub et al., 2002; for attention, see Kerren-Happuch et al., 2014; McKenna et al., 2017; Niendam et al., 2012), only one of which (precuneus) was found in the current VBM analysis.”
BackgroundSchettini, E., Hiersche, K. J., & Saygin, Z. M. (2023) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1460-22.2023 · Cited by 14
Smevik, H., Habli, S., Saksvik, S. B., Kliem, E., Evensmoen, H. R., Conde, V., Petroni, A., Asarnow, R. F., Dennis, E. L., Eikenes, L., et al. (2023) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhad024 · Cited by 14
“The contrasts (1) for Proactive and Reactive Cognitive Control demonstrated robust and widespread BOLD activations, which converged on frontoparietal regions, the insular cortex, dorsal striatum, thalamus, and the cerebellum - indicating core regions for cognitive control processing as observed in previous studies (Do…”
Result
Metadata
- Authors
- Niendam, T. A., Laird, A. R., Ray, K. L., Dean, Y. M., Glahn, D. C., & Carter, C. S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Niendam, Tara A.
- Venue
- Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience
- Published
- 2012-01-27
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 241-268
- ISSN
- 1530-7026 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-135X
- PMC
- PMC3660731
- OpenAlex
- W2019930104
- Semantic Scholar
- 98fddd2e31078947295c667fc52d483f3e530f48
- Cited by
- 1,700
- References
- 266
- Citations by year
- 2026: 119 · 2025: 153 · 2024: 156 · 2023: 143 · 2022: 156 · 2021: 170 · 2020: 117 · 2019: 146 · 2018: 123 · 2017: 125 · 2016: 84 · 2015: 75 · 2014: 77 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 33.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (P60AA007611)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH074457, R01MH078143, R24MH081807, R01MH059883, K23MH087708, R01MH083824)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- executive function, cognitive control, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, parietal cortex, inhibition, working memory, cognitive flexibility, basal ganglia, cerebellum, functional neuroimaging
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cognition, Female, Humans, Functional Laterality, Male, Middle Aged, Neural Pathways, Neuropsychological Tests, Radionuclide Imaging, Visual Perception, Young Adult, Executive Function, Neuroimaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
