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Meta-analytic evidence for a superordinate cognitive control network subserving diverse executive functions
Open accessAbstract
Classic cognitive theory conceptualizes executive functions as involving multiple specific domains, including initiation, inhibition, working memory, flexibility, planning, and vigilance. Lesion and neuroimaging experiments over the past two decades have suggested that both common and unique processes contribute to executive functions during higher cognition. It has been suggested that a superordinate fronto–cingulo–parietal network supporting cognitive control may also underlie a range of distinct executive functions. To test this hypothesis in the largest sample to date, we used quantitative meta-analytic methods to analyze 193 functional neuroimaging studies of 2,832 healthy individuals, ages 18–60, in which performance on executive function measures was contrasted with an active control condition. A common pattern of activation was observed in the prefrontal, dorsal anterior cingulate, and parietal cortices across executive function domains, supporting the idea that executive functions are supported by a superordinate cognitive control network. However, domain-specific analyses showed some variation in the recruitment of anterior prefrontal cortex, anterior and midcingulate regions, and unique subcortical regions such as the basal ganglia and cerebellum. These results are consistent with the existence of a superordinate cognitive control network in the brain, involving dorsolateral prefrontal, anterior cingulate, and parietal cortices, that supports a broad range of executive functions.
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“For example, Niendam et al.‘s [137] meta-analytic study of 193 neuroimaging fMRI studies of EF showed broad patterns of activation across the lateral and medial PFC, including regions BA-9 and BA-46 (dlPFC) and BA-32 (rostral ACC), as well as both superior and inferior regions of the parietal lobes for tasks with predominantly working memory, flexibility, or inhibitory components.”
From The role of prefrontal cortex in cognitive control and executive function (2022) · cites this paper as [137]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Conjunction maps of activation during different tasks (e.g., during inhibiting, updating, and shifting tasks), either with data estimated within one study [135, 138, 139] or with meta-analytic techniques [137, 140, 141], suggest that both children and adults recruit a common set of regions within the FPN and CON during diverse EF tasks.”
From The role of prefrontal cortex in cognitive control and executive function (2022) · cites this paper as [137]
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“At the neurobiological level, this unity can be seen in the overall patterns of neural activations during CC tasks [135–137]: Neuroimaging studies suggest that individuals performing these kinds of tasks generally activate some of the same brain regions across multiple tasks, although they also activate some regions that are unique to a particular task.”
From The role of prefrontal cortex in cognitive control and executive function (2022) · cites this paper as [137]
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“The ECN, which overlaps with the frontostriatal and frontoparietal networks, is a fundamental neural substrate underpinning higher-order cognitive functions.”
From Cognitive Inflexibility Shares Across Schizophrenia and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Task-Based Functional MRI Study (2025) · cites this paper as [39]
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“The cognitive control network (CCN),7 mainly comprising the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, postparietal cortex, and frontal eye fields, plays a pivotal role in regulating top-down cognitive processes.8”
From Can Intermittent Theta-Burst Stimulation of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Relieve Executive Dysfunction in Patients With Late-Life Depression? (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
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“The DLPFC is a key node within the cognitive control network, 13 which is thought to subserve executive functions, such as response inhibition, set-shifting, and planning.”
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“The Go system could drive craving and engage habits via the basal ganglia.105,127”
From Neurobiology of addiction: a neurocircuitry analysis (2016) · cites this paper as [127]
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“It is now widely established that the frontoparietal control network (FPCN) plays an important role in executive control of attention.156–159”
From The default network and self-generated thought: component processes, dynamic control, and clinical relevance (2014) · cites this paper as [158]
In the citing paper
“Although the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is thought to play a key role in mediating executive control, neuroimaging and lesion studies demonstrated that the performance of executive tasks is associated with activation in a large set of brain regions, involving prefrontal and parietal areas, motor regions, as well as subcortical structures, such as basal ganglia and thalamus (Duncan and Owen, 2000; D”
From Executive control training from middle childhood to adolescence (2014) · cites this paper as Niendam et al., 2012
In the citing paper
“Decades of functional neuroimaging work has delineated brain networks underlying EFs that contribute to cognitive flexibility (21,22), namely the executive control/lateral frontoparietal (L-FPN) and salience/midcingulo-insular networks (M-CIN) (23–25).”
From Brain Mechanisms Supporting Flexible Cognition and Behavior in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder (2021) · cites this paper as [22]
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Citations
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“Indeed, dysfunction in the neuronalmechanisms that underlie cognitive controlmay influence a myriad of other cognitive processes leading to an overall poor level of functioning (Niendam et al., 2012).”
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“It is worth noting that, under the framework of Norman and Bobrow (1975), altered resource allocation is an option whether or not performance is actually resource-limited.”
InfluentialThe heart of cognitive control: Cardiac phase modulates processing speed and inhibition
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“Critical to the currently investigated issue, the reported increase of no‐go errors during the middle of systole might be related to the phasic deactivation of dorsolateral prefrontal regions, known to be engaged in cognitive control tasks (Niendam et al., 2012; Simmonds et al., 2008).”
BackgroundLee, D., Park, J., Namkoong, K., Hong, S. J., Kim, I. Y., & Jung, Y. (2020) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110127 · Cited by 29
Toward a unified model of stress recovery and cognitive restoration in nature
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“control (60) and emotion regulation (61).”
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“Similar findings were observed in many studies (Phillips, Drevets, Rauch, & Lane, 2003), which might contribute to a decreased support of cognitive functions, including selective attention and working memory in depression (Niendam et al., 2012).”
BackgroundResultIndividualized video recommendation modulates functional connectivity between large scale networks
Su, C., Zhou, H., Wang, C., Geng, F., & Hu, Y. (2021) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.25616 · Cited by 28
“The FPN is also thought to play an essential role in top-down cognitive control functions (Cole et al., 2013; Niendam et al., 2012).”
BackgroundA Single Bout of Exercise Provides a Persistent Benefit to Cognitive Flexibility
Shukla, D., & Heath, M. D. (2021) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2021.1873902 · Cited by 29
“…increases task-dependent activity (e.g., Colcombe et al., 2004; Hillman et al., 2003; Mehren et al., 2019) and enhances resting state functional connectivity (Schmitt et al., 2019; Voss et al., 2010) within the frontoparietal networks mediating executive functions (see Niendam et al., 2012).”
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“The middle occipital lobe is implicated in visual processing, and the executive control network (a frontoparietal network that includes among others the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) is engaged in high-level cognitive functions such as working memory, cognitive control, and goal-directed behavior (Seeley et al., 200…”
BackgroundLi, X., Huang, Y., Liu, M., Zhang, M., Liu, Y., Teng, T., Liu, X., Yu, Y., Jiang, Y., Ouyang, X., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100401 · Cited by 27
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“We targeted the DLPFC, because it is a key structure orchestrating executive control and a main node of the Cognitive Control Network, which subserves executive control.(7) iTBS was chosen on the premise that excitatory stimulation could enhance neuroplasticity in this sytem.”
MethodASD and ADHD: Divergent activating patterns of prefrontal cortex in executive function tasks?
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Interoceptive training impacts the neural circuit of the anterior insula cortex
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“This applies to prefrontal cortex regions, the anterior cingulate cortex, and precuneus in particular because these regions are recruited (along with the parietal lobe) during tasks tapping into executive function (25).”
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“The VLPFC is prominent for its function to implement cognitive control (Miller and Cohen 2001; Niendam et al. 2012).”
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“While this is an important functional distinction, these two broad functions appear to recruit highly overlapping neural circuitry (Veltman et al. 2003), suggesting a superordinate cognitive control network in the brain (Eriksson et al. 2015; Niendam et al. 2012).”
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“The ECN is thought to play a prominent role in attention, inhibition, cognitive flexibility, working memory, and planning (Brown et al., 2019; Niendam et al., 2012) and has also been linked with reward motivated decision-making (Hobkirk et al.”
InfluentialSelf-citationSleep development in preschool predicts executive functioning in early elementary school
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“While it is nearly always implicated in theories of cognitive control (e.g., Nee et al., 2007; Shackman et al., 2011; Metzler-Baddeley et al., 2012; Niendam et al., 2012), what exact functions this includes appears to be vast and varied.”
BackgroundSerra, L., Cercignani, M., Carlesimo, G. A., Fadda, L., Tini, N., Giulietti, G., Caltagirone, C., & Bozzali, M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0064578 · Cited by 25
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“For instance, response inhibition has been linked to right dorsolateral PFC activity (Niendam et al., 2012).”
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“The ECN is responsible for selective retrieval and inhibition of inappropriate information (Niendam et al., 2012).”
BackgroundBecker, B., Androsch, L., Jahn, R. T., Alich, T. C., Striepens, N., Markett, S. A., Maier, W., & Hurlemann, R. (2013) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00197 · Cited by 25
“More recently the IFG has been implicated in a superordinate domain-general cognitive control network that supports different executive functions, including flexibility, working memory, and inhibition (Cole and Schneider, 2007; Niendam et al., 2012).”
BackgroundMotor and cognitive impairment after stroke: A common bond or a simultaneous deficit?
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“…functioning (Aron, Fletcher, Bullmore, Sahakian, & Robbins, 2003; Boes et al., 2009; Japee, Holiday, Satyshur, Mukai, & Ungerleider, 2015; Menon & Uddin, 2010; Niendam et al., 2012; Shackman et al., 2011), providing support for cognitive control impairment as a possible underlying mechanism of DI.”
BackgroundKavanaugh, B. C., Aaronson, S. T., Clarke, G. N., Holtzheimer, P. E., Johnson, C. W., McDonald, W. M., Schneider, M. B., & Carpenter, L. L. (2018) · The Journal of ECT · doi:10.1097/yct.0000000000000494 · Cited by 25
Hinault, T., Larcher, K. M.-H., Bherer, L., Courtney, S. M., & Dagher, A. (2019) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.06.013 · Cited by 25
Joint analysis of frontal theta synchrony and white matter following mild traumatic brain injury
Cavanagh, J. F., Rieger, R. E., Wilson, J. K., Gill, D., Fullerton, L., Brandt, E., & Mayer, A. R. (2019) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-019-00171-y · Cited by 28
Sambol, S., Suleyman, E., Scarfo, J., & Ball, M. (2023) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103934 · Cited by 33
The effect of task complexity on the neural network for response inhibition: An ALE meta-analysis
Aziz-Safaie, T., Müller, V. I., Langner, R., Eickhoff, S. B., & Cieslik, E. C. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105544 · Cited by 25
“Together with working memory and cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control has been suggested to be one of the key components of EF (Diamond et al., 2013; Niendam et al., 2012).”
Lu, Q., Yu, A., Pu, J., Chen, D., Zhong, Y., Bai, D., & Yang, L. (2024) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2024.1375973 · Cited by 27
How hypnotic suggestions work – A systematic review of prominent theories of hypnosis
Zahedi, A., Lynn, S. J., & Sommer, W. (2024) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2024.103730 · Cited by 42
“Finally, the PFC and especially DLPFC are essential regions in the executive function network (Miyake & Friedman, 2012; Niendam et al., 2012; Rottschy et al., 2012; Wager & Smith, 2003).”
BackgroundLoneliness and depression dissociated on parietal-centered networks in cognitive and resting states
Shao, R., Liu, H., Huang, C., Chen, Y.-L., Gao, M., Lee, S., Lin, C., & Lee, T. M. C. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719002782 · Cited by 25
“In particular, the prefrontal-parietal connectivity is strongly implicated in superordinate cognitive control functions such as inhibition, attention orientation and conflict processing (Roberts and Hall, 2008; Niendam et al., 2012; Harding et al., 2015), and in emotion regulatory functions (Ochsner et al.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLam, S.-L., Criaud, M., Alegría, A. A., Barker, G. J., Giampietro, V., & Rubia, K. (2020) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102291 · Cited by 26
“The left IFC, anterior insula and striatum have also been implicated in wider cognitive control functions, including interference inhibition and switching, and not only motor response inhibition (Christakou et al., 2009; Cole et al., 2014; Hugdahl et al., 2015; Niendam et al., 2012).”
BackgroundDysregulation of oxytocin and dopamine in the corticostriatal circuitry in bipolar II disorder
Wei, S., Tseng, H., Chang, H. H., Lu, T., Chang, W. H., Chiu, N.-T., Yang, Y. K., & Chen, P. S. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-00972-6 · Cited by 24
de la Cruz, F., Wagner, G., Schumann, A., Suttkus, S., Güllmar, D., Reichenbach, J. R., & Bär, K. (2020) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.25264 · Cited by 23
Plessow, F., Marengi, D. A., Perry, S. K., & Lawson, E. A. (2020) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.23010 · Cited by 24
“cortex and frontopolar prefrontal cortex (both of which have been associated with cognitive control (29)) with a simultaneous attenuation of fMRI activity in brain areas processing food reward when participants viewed images of palatable food items compared with nonfood objects (30).”
BackgroundRieck, J. R., Baracchini, G., & Grady, C. L. (2021) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01685 · Cited by 26
“As previously mentioned, increased activation in superior frontal, supplementary motor, and premotor gyrus may represent initiation of internal rehearsal processes (Niendam et al., 2012; Smith et al., 1998).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialYang, Y., Chen, Z., Chen, Q., & Feng, T. (2021) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2021.09.013 · Cited by 29
Global connectivity fingerprints predict the domain generality of multiple-demand regions
Schultz, D. H., Ito, T., & Cole, M. W. (2021) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhab495 · Cited by 23
Eye Movements Decrease during Effortful Speech Listening
Cui, M. E., & Herrmann, B. (2023) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0240-23.2023 · Cited by 28
Guo, Y., Chen, Z., & Feng, T. (2017) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.06.005 · Cited by 24
Tyburski, E. M., Pełka-Wysiecka, J., Mak, M., Samochowiec, A., Bieńkowski, P., & Samochowiec, J. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01459 · Cited by 26
“…out by a complex central executive network which includes a variety of brain structures, the most important of which are the prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, the subcortical nuclei, and the cerebellum (Stuss, 2011; Niendam et al., 2012; Yuan and Raz, 2014; Mak et al., 2016).”
BackgroundIkink, I., Engelmann, J. B., van den Bos, W., Roelofs, K., & Figner, B. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.008 · Cited by 25
“…showed more activation in, e.g., the insula and dlPFC during SV-encoding of ambiguous compared to exact trials, as if SV-encoding during ambiguous trials became more salient (insula; Uddin, 2015) and required more executive control (dlPFC; Platt and Huettel, 2008; Niendam et al., 2012).”
Aben, B., Calderon, C. B., Cruyssen, L. V. D., Picksak, D., den Bussche, E. V., & Verguts, T. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.02.004 · Cited by 29
Cerebellar neural markers of susceptibility to social isolation and positive affective processing
Wong, N. M. L., Shao, R., Wu, J., Tao, J., Chen, L., & Lee, T. M. C. (2019) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-019-01965-y · Cited by 24
Pini, L., Geroldi, C., Galluzzi, S., Baruzzi, R., Bertocchi, M., Chitò, E., Orini, S., Romano, M., Cotelli, M., Rosini, S., et al. (2020) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-019-00212-6 · Cited by 26
Disrupted cortical network as a vulnerability marker for obsessive–compulsive disorder
Peng, Z., Shi, F., Shi, C., Yang, Q., Chan, R. C. K., & Shen, D. G. (2013) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-013-0602-y · Cited by 25
Kavanaugh, B. C., Cancilliere, M. K., Fryc, A., Tirrell, E., Oliveira, J., Oberman, L. M., Wexler, B. E., Carpenter, L. L., & Spirito, A. (2020) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2019.1708295 · Cited by 25
“At the neurobiological level, the link between EF and depression can be explained by their shared neuroanatomical correlates, particularly the frontoparietal network or central executive network (CEN)(Kaiser, Andrews-Hanna, Wager, & Pizzagalli, 2015; Niendam et al., 2012; Pizzagalli, 2011).”
BackgroundCognitive control outside of conscious awareness
Linzarini, A., Houdé, O., & Borst, G. (2017) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2017.06.014 · Cited by 23
“…been associated (Jack & Shallice, 2001; Jacoby, 1991), in part because cognitive control consistently elicits activation in the prefrontal cortex (Niendam et al., 2012) – a region deemed to be at the root of conscious experience (Dehaene &Naccache, 2001; Lau & Rosenthal, 2011; and see Rees, 2007…”
BackgroundHakun, J. G., & Johnson, N. F. (2017) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2017.08.007 · Cited by 23
“These findings are consistent with recent neurocognitive theories of distributed WM and fit well with the presumed role of a frontoparietal brain network in controlled cognition (Christophel, Klink, Spitzer, Roelfsema, & Haynes, 2017; Cole, Repovš, & Anticevic, 2014; Hazy, Frank, & O’Reilly, 2007; Jurado & Rosselli, 2…”
Ward, N., Hussey, E. K., Cunningham, E., Paul, E. J., McWilliams, T., & Kramer, A. F. (2019) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107149 · Cited by 24
Zhang, R., Chen, Z., Liu, P., & Feng, T. (2019) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13495 · Cited by 23
Causal Role of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Belief Updating under Uncertainty
Schulreich, S., & Schwabe, L. (2020) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaa219 · Cited by 25
“Common theoretical frameworks postulate that the dlPFC plays a critical role in working memory (Petrides 1996; Baddeley 1998) and executive control (Miller and Cohen 2001), both of which is strongly supported by meta-analytic evidence (Wager and Smith 2003; Niendam et al. 2012; Rottschy et al. 2012).”
BackgroundKorn, U., Krylova, M., Heck, K. L., Häußinger, F. B., Stark, R. S., Alizadeh, S., Jamalabadi, H., Walter, M., Galuske, R. A. W., & Munk, M. H. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2021.751226 · Cited by 23
“However, brain areas and networks relevant for task solving were also associated with MS C and were activated after auditory distraction (Niendam et al., 2012; Breukelaar et al., 2017).”
BackgroundLaicher, H., Int-Veen, I., Torka, F., Kroczek, A., Bihlmaier, I., Storchak, H., Velten-Schurian, K., Dresler, T., Täglich, R., Fallgatter, A. J., et al. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-08579-1 · Cited by 22
Luo, Y., Qiao, M., Liang, Y., Chen, C., Zeng, L., Wang, L., & Wu, W. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.812664 · Cited by 23
Sihvonen, A. J., Siponkoski, S., Martínez‐Molina, N., Laitinen, S., Holma, M., Ahlfors, M., Kuusela, L., Pekkola, J., Koskinen, S. K., & Särkämö, T. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11082184 · Cited by 27
“A large-scale quantitative meta-analysis of 193 functional neuroimaging studies has revealed that such executive control network comprises dorsolateral prefrontal, anterior cingulate, and parietal cortices [45].”
BackgroundHellrung, L., Kirschner, M., Sulzer, J. S., Sladky, R., Scharnowski, F., Herdener, M., & Tobler, P. N. (2022) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03756-4 · Cited by 23
The first year in formal schooling improves working memory and academic abilities
Davidson, C., Shing, Y. L., McKay, C., Rafetseder, E., & Wijeakumar, S. (2023) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101205 · Cited by 27
“…modelling work suggests that WM function might be closely associated with inhibitory control and cognitive control, thus it is pertinent to assess whether previous schooling-related findings from Brod and colleagues might also reflect WM processing (Niendam, 2012; Wijeakumar et al., 2017a).”
Luria revisited: cognitive research in schizophrenia, past implications and future challenges
Zaytseva, Y., Chan, R. C. K., Pöppel, E., & Heinz, A. (2015) · Philosophy Ethics and Humanities in Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13010-015-0026-9 · Cited by 28
Siemann, J., Herrmann, M., & Galashan, D. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-20049-1 · Cited by 23
Lin, W., Shih, Y.-L., Wang, S., & Tang, Y.-W. (2018) · Thinking Skills and Creativity · doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2018.06.007 · Cited by 27
Cortical regions supporting reading comprehension skill for single words and discourse
Ryherd, K., Jasińska, K. K., Dyke, J. A. V., Hung, Y.-H., Baron, E., Mencl, W. E., Zevin, J. D., & Landi, N. (2018) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2018.08.001 · Cited by 23
“DLPFC and ACC have been shown to be involved in a variety of executive functions, including cognitive control, performance monitoring, flexibility, inhibition, and effortful control (MacDonald, Cohen, Stenger, & Carter, 2000; Niendam et al., 2012; Nouchi et al., 2016).”
BackgroundFunctional Connectivity Changes of Key Regions for Motor Initiation in Parkinson’s Disease
Hensel, L., Hoffstaedter, F., Caspers, J., Michely, J., Mathys, C., Heller, J., Eickhoff, C. R., Reetz, K., Südmeyer, M., Fink, G. R., et al. (2018) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhy259 · Cited by 24
“2013) as well as to non-motor tasks, and motivational processing (Niendam et al. 2012; Rottschy et al. 2012, Chong et al. 2017).”
BackgroundZheng, H., Luo, J., & Yu, R. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00856 · Cited by 26
“( 20 13 ) 3– 4 R ec om bi na tio n pa ra di gm A ge 3 = ag e 4 A ge 4 > ag e 3 G ae ss er et al .”
BackgroundInfluentialMental Disorders Involve Limits on Control, Not Extreme Preferences
Sripada, C. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198868811.003.0009 · Cited by 22
Behavioral Activation and Brain Network Changes in Depression
Jung, M., & Han, K. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Neurology · doi:10.3988/jcn.2024.0148 · Cited by 24
The human reward system encodes the subjective value of ideas during creative thinking
Moreno-Rodriguez, S., Béranger, B., Volle, E., & Lopez‐Persem, A. (2025) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-024-07427-4 · Cited by 27
“It has been consistently associated with cognitive control, working memory processes, goal-directed behavior, task switching, and decision-making 43 .”
InfluentialCheng, J., O’Connell, M. E., & Wormith, J. S. (2018) · International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x18803818 · Cited by 25
Church, J. A., Cirino, P. T., Miciak, J., Juranek, J. J., Vaughn, S. R., & Fletcher, J. M. (2019) · New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development · doi:10.1002/cad.20292 · Cited by 24
“These common EF brain networks are found to be consistently active across performance of multiple behavioral EF tasks in adults (Niendam et al., 2012) and in children (Church et al., 2017; McKenna et al., 2017; Engelhardt, Harden, Tucker-Drob, & Church, 2019).”
BackgroundLi, G., Chen, Y. S., Le, T. M., Wang, W., Tang, X., & Li, C. R. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-89433-8 · Cited by 23
Cope, T., Hughes, L. E., Phillips, H. N., Adams, N., Jafarian, A., Nesbitt, D. J., Assem, M., Woolgar, A., Duncan, J., & Rowe, J. B. (2022) · Apollo (University of Cambridge) · doi:10.17863/cam.83553 · Cited by 23
Metadata
- Authors
- Niendam, T. A., Laird, A. R., Ray, K. L., Dean, Y. M., Glahn, D. C., & Carter, C. S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Niendam, Tara A.
- Venue
- Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience
- Published
- 2012-01-27
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 241-268
- ISSN
- 1530-7026 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-135X
- PMC
- PMC3660731
- OpenAlex
- W2019930104
- Semantic Scholar
- 98fddd2e31078947295c667fc52d483f3e530f48
- Cited by
- 1,700
- References
- 266
- Citations by year
- 2026: 119 · 2025: 153 · 2024: 156 · 2023: 143 · 2022: 156 · 2021: 170 · 2020: 117 · 2019: 146 · 2018: 123 · 2017: 125 · 2016: 84 · 2015: 75 · 2014: 77 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 33.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (P60AA007611)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH074457, R01MH078143, R24MH081807, R01MH059883, K23MH087708, R01MH083824)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- executive function, cognitive control, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, parietal cortex, inhibition, working memory, cognitive flexibility, basal ganglia, cerebellum, functional neuroimaging
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cognition, Female, Humans, Functional Laterality, Male, Middle Aged, Neural Pathways, Neuropsychological Tests, Radionuclide Imaging, Visual Perception, Young Adult, Executive Function, Neuroimaging
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