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Early life: gut microbiota and immune development in infancy
Abstract
The immune system of infants is actively downregulated during pregnancy and therefore the first months of life represent a period of heightened susceptibility to infection. After birth, there is an age-dependent maturation of the immune system. Exposure to environmental microbial components is suggested to play an important role in the maturation process. The gastrointestinal tract is the major site of interaction between the host immune system and microorganisms, both commensal as well as potentially pathogenic. It is well established that the mammalian immune system is designed to help protect the host from invading microorganisms and other danger signals. However, recent research is emerging in the field of host-microbe interactions showing that commensal microorganisms (microbiota) are most likely one of the drivers of immune development and, in turn the immune system shapes the composition of the microbiota. Specific early microbial exposure of the gut is thought to dramatically reduce the incidence of inflammatory, autoimmune and atopic diseases further fuelling the scientific view that microbial colonisation plays an important role in regulating and fine-tuning the immune system throughout life. Therefore, the use of pre-, pro- and synbiotics may result in a beneficial microbiota composition that might have a pivotal role on the prevention of several important diseases that develop in early life such as necrotizing enterocolitis and atopic eczema.
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“This microbial community regulates some important metabolic and physiological functions of the host, and drives the maturation of the immune system in early life, contributing to its homeostasis during life.”
From Intestinal microbiota in health and disease: Role of bifidobacteria in gut homeostasis (2014) · cites this paper as [14]
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- The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 48, 19
- Jikken Dobutsu, 34, 1
- Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 92, 1402
- ASM News, 71, 77
- Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 501, 315
- Current Opinion in Gastroenterology, 21, 426
- 10.1067/mai.2001.111237 · DOI · Paper page
- Current Pharmaceutical Design, 111, 55
- Breast-feeding: early influences on later health. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 639, 67
- Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 635, 1
- Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 59, 505
- Applied Microbiology, 27, 961, 10.1128/AEM.27.5.961-979.1974 · DOI · Paper page
- Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop Series: Pediatric Program, 62, 223
- Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 501, 299
- Immunology, 79, 32
- Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop Series: Pediatric Program, 61, 183
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Metadata
- Authors
- Martin, R., Nauta, A., Ben Amor, K., Knippels, L., Knol, J., & Garssen, J.
- Affiliations
- Danone (Netherlands) (NL)
- Danone Research, Center for Specialised Nutrition, P.O. Box 7005, 6700 CA Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Venue
- Beneficial Microbes
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2010-11-01
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 367-382
- ISSN
- 1876-2883 (ISSN-L)
- 1876-2891
- OpenAlex
- W2106985367
- Cited by
- 338
- References
- 164
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 0.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Beneficial Microbes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, infant immune development, host-microbe interactions, commensal microorganisms, microbial colonization, immune system maturation, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, necrotizing enterocolitis, atopic dermatitis, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases
- MeSH terms
- Child Development, Humans, Immune System, Infant, Gastrointestinal Tract, Metagenome
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