Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and incident hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohorts
Open accessAbstract
Background The role of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) that contain free or bound fructose in the pathogenesis of hypertension remains unclear.Objective We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to quantify the association between fructose-containing SSBs and risk of hypertension.Design MEDLINE, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and the Cochrane registry were searched from conception through 11 November 2014. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the quality of studies (with the use of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale). Risk estimates of extreme quantiles of SSB intake (lowest compared with highest) for hypertension incidence were generated with the use of generic inverse-variance methods with random-effects models and expressed as risk ratios with 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was assessed with the Cochran Q statistic and quantified with the I(2) statistic.Results Six prospective cohort studies (n = 240,508) with 79,251 cases of hypertension observed over ≥3,197,528 person-years of follow-up were included. SSB consumption significantly increased the risk of developing hypertension by 12% (risk ratio: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.17) with evidence of significant heterogeneity (I(2) = 62%, P = 0.02) when highest [≥1 serving (6.7, 8, or 12 oz)/d] and lowest (none) quantiles of intake were compared. With the use of a dose-response analysis, a significant 8.2% increase in risk of every additional SSB per day from none to ≥1 SSB/d (β = 0.0027, P < 0.001) was identified. Limitations include unexplained heterogeneity and residual confounding. The results may also have been subject to collinearity effects from aspects of a Western dietary pattern.Conclusions SSBs were associated with a modest risk of developing hypertension in 6 cohorts. There is a need for high-quality randomized trials to assess the role of SSBs in the development of hypertension and its complications. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01608620.
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Only two meta-analyses were funded by companies that produce sugar sweetened beverages.
“Only two meta-analyses were funded by companies that produce sugar sweetened beverages.65 145”
From Dietary sugar consumption and health: umbrella review (2023) · cites this paper as [145]
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Joshi, S., Ettinger, L., & Liebman, S. E. (2019) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827619875411 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Sui, Z., Zheng, M., Zhang, M., & Rangan, A. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8110678 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Dietary factors in rheumatic autoimmune diseases: a recipe for therapy?
Dahan, S., Segal, Y., & Shoenfeld, Y. (2017) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2017.42 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Seferidi, P., Millett, C. J., & Laverty, A. A. (2017) · Pediatric Obesity · doi:10.1111/ijpo.12194 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“There are also indications that SSBs are related to metabolic syndrome (5) and hypertension (6).”
BackgroundZhang, R., Noronha, J. C., Khan, T. A., McGlynn, N. D., Back, S., Grant, S., Kendall, C. W. C., & Sievenpiper, J. L. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15041050 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationHypertension Associated with Fructose and High Salt: Renal and Sympathetic Mechanisms
Komnenov, D., Levanovich, P., & Rossi, N. F. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11030569 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“In contrast, another meta-analysis (n = 240,508) that includes data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort (n = 240,508) [19] and quoted by the recent American Heart Association update on stroke reports a 12% greater risk of hypertension with consumption of sugar sweetened beverages…”
Impact of sugars and sugar taxation on body weight control: A comprehensive literature review
Bes‐Rastrollo, M., Sayón-Orea, C., Ruiz‐Canela, M., & Martínez‐González, M. Á. (2016) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21535 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
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Alves, K. R., Hermsdorff, H. H. M., Miranda, A. E. D. S., Lopes, A. C. S., Bressan, J., & Pimenta, A. M. (2020) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980020002074 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“Such studies show that a higher consumption of foods not only rich in simple carbohydrates, saturated and trans fats, and Na, as UPF(22) but also a high consumption of alcohol(29,48,49), red and processed meat(47,50), and 4076 K Rezende-Alves et al.”
BackgroundWhat is the appropriate upper limit for added sugars consumption?
Rippe, J. M., Sievenpiper, J. L., Lê, K., White, J. S., Clemens, R., & Angelopoulos, T. J. (2016) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuw046 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies have shown a relatively consistent positive association between SSBs and the risk of hypertension and CHD when using energy-adjusted models to compare the highest with the lowest level of exposure.(54,55) These associations, however, do not hold at int…”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationHigh fructose intake and the route towards cardiometabolic diseases
Lelis, D. D. F., Andrade, J. M. O., Almenara, C. C. P., Broseghini-Filho, G. B., Mill, J. G., & Baldo, M. P. (2020) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118235 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Cuadrado, C., Dunstan, J., Silva-Illanes, N., Mirelman, A. J., Nakamura, R., & Suhrcke, M. (2019) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112708 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Zeraatkar, D., Bhasin, A. A., Morassut, R. E., Churchill, I. F., Gupta, A. A., Lawson, D. O., Miroshnychenko, A., Sirotich, E., Aryal, K., Mikhail, D., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqab002 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“For example, when communicating the results of a review of nonrandomized studies addressing the relation between sugar-sweetened beverages and hypertension, the authors may conclude that sugar-sweetened beverages may increase the risk of hypertension but that the certainty of evidence is low (99).”
BackgroundSelf-citationGiussani, M., Lieti, G., Orlando, A., Parati, G., & Genovesi, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.792949 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Tain, Y., Chan, J. Y. H., & Hsu, C. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8120757 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Similar to the results of human studies [17,18], results of animal studies indicate that rats fed HF diet develop various features of metabolic syndrome, including hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertension [16,19].”
ResultMartı́nez, H., Guelinckx, I., Salas‐Salvadó, J., Gandy, J., Kavouras, S. A., & Moreno, L. A. (2016) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000446199 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Scrivo, R., Perricone, C., Altobelli, A., Castellani, C., Tinti, L., Conti, F., & Valesini, G. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11051013 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
von Philipsborn, P., Stratil, J. M., Burns, J., Busert, L. K., Pfadenhauer, L. M., Polus, S., Holzapfel, C., Hauner, H., & Rehfuess, E. A. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012292 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Association between plant-based diets and blood pressure in the INTERMAP study
Aljuraiban, G. S., Chan, Q. M., Gibson, R., Stamler, J., Daviglus, M. L., Dyer, A. R., Miura, K., Wu, Y., Ueshima, H., Zhao, L., et al. (2020) · BMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health · doi:10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000077 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Alcaraz, A. O., Pichón-Rivière, A., Palacios, A., Bardach, A., Balan, D. J., Perelli, L., Augustovski, F., & Ciapponi, A. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11046-7 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Salt and Sugar: Two Enemies of Healthy Blood Pressure in Children
Genovesi, S., Giussani, M., Orlando, A., Orgiu, F., & Parati, G. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13020697 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“There is also an interaction between salt and fructose, because the latter may favor the reabsorption of sodium both in the kidney [76] and in the intestine [77], especially when associated with a high-salt diet [78].”
BackgroundFrench Recommendations for Sugar Intake in Adults: A Novel Approach Chosen by ANSES
Tappy, L., Morio, B., Azzout‐Marniche, D., Champ, M. M. J., Gerber, M., Houdart, S., Mas, E., Rizkalla, S. W., Slama, G., Mariotti, F., et al. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10080989 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Two other meta-analyses, each including six PCSs, observed a dose-dependent increase in blood pressure with increasing SSB consumption [85,86].”
BackgroundAuerbach, B. J., Littman, A. J., Tinker, L. F., Larson, J. C., Krieger, J. W., Young, B. A., & Neuhouser, M. L. (2017) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.08.031 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
FONTES, A. S., Pallottini, A. C., Vieira, D. A. D. S., Fontanelli, M. D. M., Marchioni, D. M. L., César, C. L. G., Alves, M. C. G. P., Goldbaum, M., & Fisberg, R. M. (2020) · Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia · doi:10.1590/1980-549720200003 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Soncrant, T., Komnenov, D., Beierwaltes, W. H., Chen, H., Wu, M., & Rossi, N. F. (2018) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00020.2018 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“2% increased risk for hypertension (25).”
Beverages in Rheumatoid Arthritis: What to Prefer or to Avoid
Dey, M., Cutolo, M., & Nikiphorou, E. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12103155 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Awadalla, H., Elmak, N. E., El-Sayed, E. F., Almobarak, A. O., Elmadhoun, W. M., Osman, M., Noor, S. K., & Ahmed, M. H. (2018) · Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy · doi:10.21037/cdt.2018.04.05 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“The effect of sugar on BP is unfortunately dose dependent (24-26).”
BackgroundHsu, C., Yu, H., Chan, J. Y. H., Wu, K. L. H., Lee, W., & Tain, Y. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14051031 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Another meta-analysis study demonstrated sugar-sweetened beverages that contain fructose were associated with a risk of developing hypertension [14].”
BackgroundMaternal dietary free or bound fructose diversely influence developmental programming of lipogenesis
Yürük, A. A., & Nergiz‐Unal, R. (2017) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-017-0618-z · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Because many studies reported that; added fructose intake might be related to elevated plasma triglyceride levels [36, 37], hypertension [38], increased body weight [39], increased plasma insulin and glucose levels [37, 40] and hepatic insulin resistance [41].”
BackgroundA prospective study of water intake and subsequent risk of all-cause mortality in a national cohort
Kant, A. K., & Graubard, B. I. (2016) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.116.143826 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Hayasaki, T., Ishimoto, T., Doke, T., Hirayama, A., Soga, T., Furuhashi, K., Kato, N., Kosugi, T., Tsuboi, N., Lanaspa, M. A., et al. (2019) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.05.017 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Plante, T. B., Long, D. L., Guo, B., Howard, G., Carson, A. P., Howard, V. J., Judd, S. E., Jenny, N. S., Zakai, N. A., & Cushman, M. (2020) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpaa215 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Zhao, Y., Feng, Y., Zeng, Y., Di, W., Luo, X., Wu, X., Guan, R., Xu, L., Yang, X., Li, Y., et al. (2023) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2023.2213330 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“For SSB intake, our meta-analysis found a positive association of SSB intake with hypertension risk, consistent with previous meta-analyses (Kim and Je 2016; Liu et al. 2019; Jayalath et al. 2015; Schwingshackl et al. 2017; Qin et al. 2020).”
Appelhans, B. M., Baylín, A., Huang, M.-H., Li, H., Janssen, İ., Kazlauskaite, R., Avery, E., & Kravitz, H. M. (2016) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2016.10.011 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Protocol for the scientific opinion on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of dietary sugars
(EFSA), E. F. S. A. (2018) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5393 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Mishra, V. K., Mathur, M. R., Nagrath, D., & Malhotra, J. (2020) · Indian Journal of Community Medicine · doi:10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_201_19 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“”[2] An increase in the consumption of SSBs in our diets is an independent risk factor for obesity[3-5] and various other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension,[6-8] cardiovascular diseases,[6] type 2 diabetes,[8-10] dental erosion, and dental caries.”
BackgroundAyoub‐Charette, S., McGlynn, N. D., Lee, D., Khan, T. A., Mejía, S. B., Chiavaroli, L., Kavanagh, M. E., Seider, M., Taïbi, A., Chen, C. T., et al. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15051238 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationSickeningly Sweet: Does Sugar Cause Chronic Disease? No
Sievenpiper, J. L. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2016.05.006 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“sugars are associated with increased risks for weight gain (11,12), metabolic syndrome (13), diabetes (13,14), hypertension (15), coronary heart disease (16,17), stroke (18) and gout (19,20).”
BackgroundSelf-citationKomnenov, D., Levanovich, P., Perecki, N., Chung, C. S., & Rossi, N. F. (2020) · Integrated Blood Pressure Control · doi:10.2147/ibpc.s257205 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
do Nascimento, C. A., Kim, R. R., Ferrari, C. R., de Souza, B. M., Braga, A. S., & Magalhães, A. C. (2021) · Journal of Dentistry · doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103835 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
de Boer, E. C., de Rooij, S. R., Olthof, M. R., & Vrijkotte, T. G. M. (2018) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.08.020 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Association of free sugar intake with blood pressure and obesity measures in Australian adults
Ahmad, R. S., Mok, A., Rangan, A., & Louie, J. C. Y. (2019) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-019-01932-7 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Lin, L., Li, C., Jin, C., Peng, Y., Hashem, K. M., MacGregor, G. A., He, F. J., & Wang, H. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022048 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Aljuraiban, G. S., Gibson, R., Alfreeh, L., Al-Musharaf, S., Shivappa, N., Hébert, J. R., Griep, L. M. O., & Chan, Q. M. (2021) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2021.08.111 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Tran, Q. D., Nguyen, T. H. H., Le, L. C., Hoang, V. L., Quynh, V. T., Phan, Q. N., & Bui, T. T. (2023) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.08.001 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Low-Calorie Beverage Consumption, Diet Quality and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in British Adults
Patel, L., Alicandro, G., & Vecchia, C. L. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10091261 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Positive associations between the use of artificial sweeteners and glucose tolerance [23,24] and hypertension [25] have been identified from observational studies and clinical trials [23,26,27].”
BackgroundZhang, J. X., Lin, X., Xu, J., & Tang, F. (2019) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/a-1023-6710 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“A metaanalysis showed that the fructose consumers had a higher risk for hypertension as compared to the non-consumers [16].”
BackgroundFarmaki, A., Rayner, N. W., Kafyra, M., Matchan, A., Ntaoutidou, K., Feritoglou, P., Athanasiadis, A., Gilly, A., Mamakou, V., Zengini, E., et al. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11123043 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“According to a systematic review and meta-analysis of six prospective cohorts, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption was indeed found to be associated with a modest risk of developing hypertension [46].”
BackgroundThe Impacts of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSB) on Cardiovascular Health
Pietrantoni, D., & MAYROVITZ, H. N. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.26908 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“2% with each added daily SSB serving [34].”
BackgroundGordon, N. P., & Hsueh, L. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11011-4 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Wang, K., Zhao, Y., Xu, L., Liao, X., & Xu, Z. (2023) · Current Research in Food Science · doi:10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100454 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Janzi, S., González-Padilla, E., Ramne, S., Bergwall, S., Borné, Y., & Sonestedt, E. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1452085 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
El-Sayed, E. F., Awadalla, H., Noor, S. K., Elmadhoun, W. M., Sulaiman, A. A., Almobarak, A. O., & Ahmed, M. H. (2017) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2017.09.001 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Wang, Y. F., Chiavaroli, L., Roke, K., DiAngelo, C., Marsden, S. L., & Sievenpiper, J. L. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12041124 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationVieille, S. L., Gillespie, Z., Bonvalot, Y., Benkhedda, K., Grinberg, N., Rotstein, J. B., Barber, J., & Krahn, A. D. (2021) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2021-0245 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Sugar Content of Market Beverages and Children’s Sugar Intake from Beverages in Beijing, China
Wen, J., Ma, H., Yu, Y., Zhang, X., Guo, D., Yin, X., Yu, X., Yin, N., Wang, J., & Zhao, Y. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13124297 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Frequent intake of excessive SSBs is strongly associated with obesity [4], diabetes [5], hypertension [6] and dental caries [7] among children due to the high sugar and energy content and little nutritional value of SSBs.”
BackgroundSugar Tax or What? The Perspective and Preferences of Consumers
Piekara, A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191912536 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Socioeconomic burden of sugar-sweetened beverages consumption in Korea
Shim, J., Kang, N. H., Lee, J.-S., Kim, K. N., Chung, H. K., Chung, H. R., Kim, H.-J., Ahn, Y.-S., & Chang, M. (2019) · Nutrition Research and Practice · doi:10.4162/nrp.2019.13.2.134 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“In previous studies [2-6,22-27], the impact of excessive dietary sugars was mainly evaluated in terms of consumption of beverages, a major source of sugar.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialChen, V., Khan, T. A., Chiavaroli, L., Ahmed, A., Lee, D., Kendall, C. W. C., & Sievenpiper, J. L. (2023) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/s41430-023-01258-y · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“These assessments may not capture the true association with 100% fruit juice, as non-defined sources of fruit juice may include fruit drinks with very little fruit juice and added sugars resembling more sugar sweetened beverages, which have shown the opposite associations with cardiovascular disease [9], type 2 diabet…”
BackgroundSelf-citationConflicting relationship between dietary intake and metabolic health in PTSD: A systematic review
Theal, R., Tay, V. X. P., & Hickman, I. J. (2018) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2018.03.002 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“In the general population, high caloric intake and specific food or nutrient intake including low fruit and vegetable intakes, and high added sugars, saturated or trans-fats have been directly linked to cardiometabolic risk [25, 26] including overweight and obesity [27].”
BackgroundYin, X., Chen, M., He, R., Wu, S., Xia, H., Xie, F., & Wang, H. (2020) · The International Journal of Health Planning and Management · doi:10.1002/hpm.3070 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Liu, Q., Chiavaroli, L., Ayoub‐Charette, S., Ahmed, A., Khan, T. A., Au‐Yeung, F., Lee, D., Cheung, A., Zurbau, A., Choo, V. L., et al. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0264802 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“We recently showed that in prospective cohort studies, SSBs are associated with increased risk of hypertension [26, 27], whereas total fructose intake at moderate doses [28] or other important foods sources [26] do not show the same relationship with higher intakes of fruit and yogurt, and moderate…”
Self-citationMenday, H., Neal, B. C., Wu, J. H. Y., Crino, M., Baines, S., & Petersen, K. S. (2017) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2017.08.013 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Diet behaviours and hypertension in US adults
Zhou, L., Feng, Y., Yang, Y., Zhao, X., Fan, Y., Rong, J., Liu, D., Zhao, L., & Yu, Y. (2019) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000002037 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Tzelefa, V., Tsirimiagkou, C., Argyris, A., Moschonis, G., Perogiannakis, G., Yannakoulia, M., Sfikakis, P., Protogerou, A. D., & Karatzi, K. (2021) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980021003499 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“compared with those who had the lowest intake (none)(70).”
Tan, J. Y., Ong, S. G., Teng, A., Ng, B., Yao, J., Luo, N., & Rebello, S. A. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13124231 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“In a meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies in adults, each additional serving of SSB was associated with an 18% increase in the risk of type-2 diabetes (T2DM) [2], an 8% increase in the risk of hypertension and a 17% increase in the risk of coronary heart disease [3,4].”
- Authors
- Jayalath, V. H., de Souza, R. J., Ha, V., Mirrahimi, A., Blanco-Mejia, S., Di Buono, M., Jenkins, A. L., Leiter, L. A., Wolever, T. M., Beyene, J., Kendall, C. W., Jenkins, D. J., & Sievenpiper, J. L.
- Affiliations
- St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
- McMaster University (CA)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Sievenpiper, John L
- ORCID
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-10
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 914-921
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2164655298
- Cited by
- 167
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 18
- FWCI
- 2.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (129920)
- Canada-wide Human Nutrition Trialists’ Network
- Diet, Digestive tract, and Disease (3D) Centre
- Canada Foundation for Innovation
- The Ministry of Research and Innovation’s Ontario Research Fund
- Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR) Postdoctoral Fellowship Award
- Ontario Graduate Scholar
- CIHR Canada Graduate Scholarship Master’s Award
- Government of Canada
- PSI Foundation Graham Farquharson Knowledge Translation Fellowship
- Canadian Diabetes Association Clinician Scientist Award
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
- Keywords
- sugar-sweetened beverages, hypertension, fructose, hypertension incidence, dose-response relationship, beverage consumption, Western dietary pattern, residual confounding
- MeSH terms
- Beverages, Fructose, Humans, Hypertension, Risk Factors, Incidence, Databases, Factual, Nutritive Sweeteners
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