Sweetened beverage consumption and risk of coronary heart disease in women
Open accessAbstract
Background Previous studies have linked full-calorie sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) with greater weight gain and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.Objective We prospectively examined the association between consumption of SSBs and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in women.Design Women (n = 88,520) from the Nurses' Health Study aged 34-59 y, without previously diagnosed coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, or diabetes in 1980, were followed from 1980 to 2004. Consumption of SSBs was derived from 7 repeated food-frequency questionnaires administered between 1980 and 2002. Relative risks (RRs) for CHD were calculated by using Cox proportional hazards models and adjusted for known cardiovascular disease risk factors.Results During 24 y of follow-up, we ascertained 3105 incident cases of CHD (nonfatal myocardial infarction and fatal CHD). After standard and dietary risk factors were adjusted for, the RRs (and 95% CIs) of CHD according to categories of cumulative average of SSB consumption (<1/mo, 1-4/mo, 2-6/wk, 1/d, and > or =2 servings/d) were 1.0, 0.96 (0.87, 1.06), 1.04 (0.95, 1.14), 1.23 (1.06, 1.43), and 1.35 (1.07, 1.69) (P for trend < 0.001). Additional adjustment for body mass index, energy intake, and incident diabetes attenuated the associations, but they remained significant. Artificially sweetened beverages were not associated with CHD.Conclusion Regular consumption of SSBs is associated with a higher risk of CHD in women, even after other unhealthful lifestyle or dietary factors are accounted for.
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Regular consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (two servings per day compared with one serving per month) is associated with a 35% higher risk of CHD in women, even after accounting for other unhealthy lifestyle and dietary factors; artificially sweetened beverages were not associated with CHD.
“Similarly, regular consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (i.e. two servings per day compared with one serving per month) was associated with a 35% higher risk of CHD in women, even after other unhealthy lifestyle and dietary factors were accounted for, whereas artificially sweetened beverages were not associated with CHD.301”
From European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012) (2012) · cites this paper as [301]
This dietary pattern was also associated with more frequent smoking and drinking, lower physical activity levels, and more time spent watching television.
“This dietary pattern was also associated with more frequent smoking and drinking, lower physical activity levels, and more time spent watching television.137 138”
From Dietary sugar consumption and health: umbrella review (2023) · cites this paper as [137]
In the Nurses' Health Study, coffee with sugars was excluded from sugar sweetened beverages, which might affect the reliability of the association.
“For instance, in the Nurses’ Health Study, coffee with sugars was excluded from sugar sweetened beverages, which might affect the reliability of the association.137”
From Dietary sugar consumption and health: umbrella review (2023) · cites this paper as [137]
One cohort observed a positive association between sugar-sweetened beverage intake and incident CHD.
“One cohort observed a positive association between sugar-sweetened beverage intake and incident CHD.97”
From Components of a Cardioprotective Diet: New Insights (2011) · cites this paper as [97]
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- Authors
- Fung, T. T., Malik, V., Rexrode, K. M., Manson, J. E., Willett, W. C., & Hu, F. B.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fung, Teresa T
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-04
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1037-1042
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2667454
- OpenAlex
- W2118783525
- Cited by
- 601
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 54 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 56
- FWCI
- 30.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL60712, R01HL060712, HL34594, R01HL034594)
- National Cancer Institute (CA-87969, P01CA087969)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK058845, DK58845, P30DK040561)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Keywords
- sugar-sweetened beverages, coronary artery disease, women, myocardial infarction, artificially sweetened beverages, dietary risk factors, Nurses' Health Study, body mass index, energy intake, type 2 diabetes
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Beverages, Energy Intake, Carbonated Beverages, Coronary Disease, Diet Surveys, Feeding Behavior, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Surveys, Humans, Middle Aged, Nurses, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Body Mass Index, Incidence, Proportional Hazards Models, Dietary Sucrose
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