Chronobiology and obesity: Interactions between circadian rhythms and energy regulation
Open accessAbstract
Recent advances in the understanding of the molecular, genetic, neural, and physiologic basis for the generation and organization of circadian clocks in mammals have revealed profound bidirectional interactions between the circadian clock system and pathways critical for the regulation of metabolism and energy balance. The discovery that mice harboring a mutation in the core circadian gene circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock) develop obesity and evidence of the metabolic syndrome represented a seminal moment for the field, clearly establishing a link between circadian rhythms, energy balance, and metabolism at the genetic level. Subsequent studies have characterized in great detail the depth and magnitude of the circadian clock's crucial role in regulating body weight and other metabolic processes. Dietary nutrients have been shown to influence circadian rhythms at both molecular and behavioral levels; and many nuclear hormone receptors, which bind nutrients as well as other circulating ligands, have been observed to exhibit robust circadian rhythms of expression in peripheral metabolic tissues. Furthermore, the daily timing of food intake has itself been shown to affect body weight regulation in mammals, likely through, at least in part, regulation of the temporal expression patterns of metabolic genes. Taken together, these and other related findings have transformed our understanding of the important role of time, on a 24-h scale, in the complex physiologic processes of energy balance and coordinated regulation of metabolism. This research has implications for human metabolic disease and may provide unique and novel insights into the development of new therapeutic strategies to control and combat the epidemic of obesity.
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Clock mutants exhibit reduced overall expression levels and a blunted diurnal rhythm of orexin mRNA.
“The Clock mutants were also shown to exhibit reduced overall expression levels and a blunted diurnal rhythm of orexin mRNA, a hypothalamic neuropeptide involved in energy regulation (49).”
From Circadian rhythms, metabolism, and chrononutrition in rodents and humans (2016) · cites this paper as [49]
Mice lacking a functional circadian clock in pancreatic islets develop diabetes at an early age due to insufficient insulin secretion.
“Furthermore, mice lacking a functional circadian clock in the pancreatic islets were shown to develop diabetes at an early age due to insufficient insulin secretion (49).”
From Circadian rhythms, metabolism, and chrononutrition in rodents and humans (2016) · cites this paper as [49]
Circadian organization is a clinically significant factor in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases and in potential targeted strategies for treating them.
“Given the growing body of evidence linking the circadian clock system to energy regulation and metabolic physiology, circadian organization emerges as a clinically significant factor that should be considered in the understanding of the pathophysiology of these diseases and in potential targeted strategies for treating them (49,63,81).”
From Circadian rhythms, metabolism, and chrononutrition in rodents and humans (2016) · cites this paper as [49]
Chrononutrition may be an important tool to enhance the metabolic health of the general population and to benefit the health of particular population groups (e.g., shift workers) and treatment of certain metabolic diseases.
“In conclusion, evidence to date suggests that chrononutrition may be an important tool, not only to enhance the metabolic health of the general population but also to benefit the health of particular population groups (e.g., shift workers) and treatment of certain metabolic diseases.”
From Circadian rhythms, metabolism, and chrononutrition in rodents and humans (2016) · cites this paper as [49]
Temporal rhythms in energy intake are relevant for energy balance, and timed feeding schedules designed according to the properties of the circadian clock system may be strategies for weight management and the treatment of obesity.
“This finding suggested that temporal rhythms in energy intake are relevant for energy balance, perhaps identifying approaches involving timed feeding schedules, designed according to the properties of the circadian clock system, as possible strategies for weight management and the treatment of obesity (49).”
From Circadian rhythms, metabolism, and chrononutrition in rodents and humans (2016) · cites this paper as [49]
A study of twenty-eight Brazilian shift workers found circadian rhythmicity of energy consumed by night workers but only during the summer.
“Another study of twenty-eight Brazilian shift workers found circadian rhythmicity of energy consumed by night workers but only during the summer (26) .”
From Meal irregularity and cardiometabolic consequences: results from observational and intervention studies (2016) · cites this paper as [26]
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Circadian rhythms, metabolism, and chrononutrition in rodents and humans
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- Authors
- Summa, K. C., & Turek, F. W.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Turek, Fred W.
- Venue
- Advances in Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 312S-319S
- ISSN
- 2156-5376 (ISSN-L)
- 2161-8313
- PMC
- PMC4013188
- OpenAlex
- W2112908034
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 1.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Advances in Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Northwestern University
- National Institutes of Health
- U.S. Public Health Service (UL1 TL000150)
- National Institute on Aging (P01AG011412)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32HL007909)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- circadian rhythm, obesity, energy balance, circadian clock, clock genes, metabolic syndrome, nuclear receptors, meal timing, body weight regulation, metabolic gene expression
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Diet, Disease Models, Animal, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Obesity, Chronobiology Disorders, Metabolic Syndrome
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