Meta-analysis of the effect of structured exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness in Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Haddad, E.; Wells, G. A.; Sigal, R. J.; Boul�, N. G.; Kenny, G. P.

doi:10.1007/s00125-003-1160-2

Cited by 601Cardiovascular and exercise physiologyPhysical Activity and HealthDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

Meta-analysis of the effect of structured exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness in Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Open access

Haddad, E., Wells, G. A., Sigal, R. J., Boul�, N. G., Kenny, G. P.·2003·Diabetologia

DOI 10.1007/s00125-003-1160-2

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis Low cardiorespiratory fitness is a powerful and independent predictor of mortality in people with diabetes. Several studies have examined the effects of exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness in Type 2 diabetic individuals. However, these studies had relatively small sample sizes and highly variable results. Therefore the aim of this study was to systematically review and quantify the effects of exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness in Type 2 diabetic individuals.Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, and four other databases were searched up to March 2002 for randomized, controlled trials evaluating effects of structured aerobic exercise interventions of 8 weeks or more on cardiorespiratory fitness in adults with Type 2 diabetes. Cardiorespiratory fitness was defined as maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) during a maximal exercise test.Results Seven studies, presenting data for nine randomized trials comparing exercise and control groups (overall n=266), met the inclusion criteria. Mean exercise characteristics were as follows: 3.4 sessions per week, 49 min per session for 20 weeks. Exercise intensity ranged from 50% to 75% of VO(2max). There was an 11.8% increase in VO(2max) in the exercise group and a 1.0% decrease in the control group (post intervention standardized mean difference =0.53, p<0.003). Studies with higher exercise intensities tended to produce larger improvements in VO(2max). Exercise intensity predicted post-intervention weighted mean difference in HbA(1c) (r=-0.91, p=0.002) to a larger extent than did exercise volume (r=-0.46, p=0.26).Conclusions/interpretation Regular exercise has a statistically and clinically significant effect on VO(2max) in Type 2 diabetic individuals. Higher intensity exercise could have additional benefits on cardiorespiratory fitness and HbA(1c).

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s00125-003-1160-2

Cites

79 of 79 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

In people with diabetes, regular exercise improves glucose control independently of weight loss.
“Regular physical activity improves glucose control in persons with DM,939–943 even in the absence of weight loss.944–946”
From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [945]
The Meta-regression analyses report lower post-intervention HbA1c in exercise groups than in controls, supporting improved glucose control in people with Type 2 diabetes. Neither that section nor the Discussion establishes that the improvement occurred without weight loss; the source also does not address diabetes types beyond Type 2. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Both aerobic and resistance exercise have beneficial effects, and combining both forms regularly has additive benefits.
“Studies have reported beneficial effects of both aerobic and resistance exercise, and additive benefits when both forms of exercise are combined on a regular basis.853,945,947,952–954”
From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [945]
The Discussion reports improved cardiorespiratory fitness from aerobic exercise in people with Type 2 diabetes. The Criteria for considering studies and Description of included trials say that studies with a large resistance component were excluded; the paper therefore does not establish benefits of resistance exercise or additive benefits from combining it with aerobic exercise. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Exercise intensity is generally regarded as the more critical factor in the trainability of VO2peak, with higher intensity exercise conferring larger improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness when exercise is matched for total energy expenditure.
“Exercise intensity is generally regarded to be the more critical factor in the trainability of VO2peak, with higher intensity exercise conferring larger improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness when exercise is matched for total energy expenditure [31–34].”
From Twelve weeks of sprint interval training improves indices of cardiometabolic health similar to traditional endurance training despite a five-fold lower exercise volume and time commitment (2016) · cites this paper as [31]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
A meta-analysis showed that exercise intensity predicts improvements in overall BG control to a greater extent than exercise volume, suggesting that those already exercising at a moderate intensity should consider undertaking some vigorous PA to obtain additional BG (and likely CV) benefits.
“A meta-analysis ( 25 ) showed that exercise intensity predicts improvements in overall BG control to a greater extent than exercise volume, suggesting that those already exercising at a moderate intensity should consider undertaking some vigorous PA to obtain additional BG (and likely CV) benefits.”
From Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
In a meta-analysis, the mean maximal aerobic capacity in diabetic individuals was only 22.4 ml/kg/min, or 6.4 METs, making 4.8 METs (75% of maximal) the highest sustainable intensity.
“In a meta-analysis, the mean maximal aerobic capacity in diabetic individuals was only 22.4 ml/kg/min, or 6.4 METs ( 25 ), making 4.8 METs (75% of maximal) the highest sustainable intensity.”
From Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [25]

Combination therapy with three or more glucose-lowering agents (other than SU/glinide or DPP-4 inhibitor/GLP-1 receptor agonist combinations) is effective for lowering glucose levels.
“While combination therapy with any two agents has been shown to be effective for lowering glucose levels 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , combination therapy with three or more agents (other than SU/glinide or DPP‐4 inhibitor/GLP‐1 receptor agonist combinations) has also been shown to be effective for lowering glucose levels 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 .”
From Japanese clinical practice guideline for diabetes 2019 (2020) · cites this paper as [47]
Biguanides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, basal insulin formulations, and GLP-1 receptor agonists have inhibitory effects on the onset of type 2 diabetes.
“Biguanides 45 , α‐glucosidase inhibitors 46 , 47 , 48 , thiazolidinediones (TZDs) 49 , basal insulin formulations 50 , and GLP‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RA) 51 are shown to have inhibitory effects on the onset of type 2 diabetes.”
From Japanese clinical practice guideline for diabetes 2019 (2020) · cites this paper as [47]
In adults with type 2 diabetes, higher levels of exercise intensity are associated with greater improvements in A1C and in cardiorespiratory fitness.
“In adults with type 2 diabetes, higher levels of exercise intensity are associated with greater improvements in A1C and in cardiorespiratory fitness (249); sustained improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and weight loss have also been associated with a lower risk of heart failure (250).”
From 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes:Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023 (2023) · cites this paper as [249]
Higher levels of exercise intensity are associated with greater improvements in A1C and in fitness.
“Higher levels of exercise intensity are associated with greater improvements in A1C and in fitness (117).”
From Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2009 (2009) · cites this paper as [117]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: Is blinding necessary?
Jadad, A. R., Moore, R. A., Carroll, D., Jenkinson, C., Reynolds, D. J. M., Gavaghan, D. J., & McQuay, H. J. (1996) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(95)00134-4 · Cited by 17,582 · see citing works
Aspirin plus Clopidogrel as Secondary Prevention after Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Zhang, Q., Wang, C., Zheng, M., Li, Y., Li, J., Zhang, L., Shang, X., & Yan, C. (2014) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000369778 · Cited by 11,609 · see citing works
Untitled work
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,400 · see citing works
Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities
AINSWORTH, B. E., HASKELL, W. L., WHITT, M. C., IRWIN, M. L., SWARTZ, A. M., STRATH, S. J., O???BRIEN, W. L., BASSETT, D. R., SCHMITZ, K. H., EMPLAINCOURT, P. O., et al. (2000) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200009001-00009 · Cited by 8,497 · see citing works
Untitled work
Schulz (1995) · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03520290060030 · Cited by 5,634 · see citing works
Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults
Chodzko-Zajko, W. J., Proctor, D. N., Fiatarone Singh, M. A., Minson, C. T., Nigg, C. R., Salem, G. J., & Skinner, J. S. (2009) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181a0c95c · Cited by 5,153 · see citing works
Improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials: the QUOROM statement
Moher, D., Cook, D. J., Eastwood, S., Olkin, I., Rennie, D., & Stroup, D. F. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)04149-5 · Cited by 4,826 · see citing works
Efficacy and Safety of Tadalafil Monotherapy for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Meta-Analysis
Dong, Y., Hao, L., Shi, Z., Wang, G., Zhang, Z., & Han, C. (2013) · Urologia Internationalis · doi:10.1159/000351405 · Cited by 4,556 · see citing works
Textbook of Work Physiology
Åstrand, P., & Rodahl, K. (1970) · Andalas University Repository (Andalas University) · Cited by 4,434 · see citing works
American College of Sports Medicine position stand
Otis, C. L. (1997) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,407 · see citing works
Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing
Myers, J., Prakash, M., Froelicher, V., Do, D., Partington, S., & Atwood, J. E. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa011858 · Cited by 4,114 · see citing works
Compendium of Physical Activities: Classification of energy costs of human physical activities
AINSWORTH, B. E., HASKELL, W. L., LEON, A. S., JACOBS, D. R., MONTOYE, H. J., SALLIS, J. F., & PAFFENBARGER, R. S. (1993) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199301000-00011 · Cited by 4,102 · see citing works
Systematic Reviews: Identifying relevant studies for systematic reviews
Dickersin, K., Scherer, R. W., & Lefebvre, C. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6964.1286 · Cited by 2,255 · see citing works
Changes in physical fitness and all-cause mortality. A prospective study of healthy and unhealthy men
Blair, S. N. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.273.14.1093 · Cited by 2,088 · see citing works
Exercise Standards for Testing and Training: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association
Fletcher, G. F., Balady, G. J., Amsterdam, E. A., Chaitman, B., Eckel, R., Fleg, J., Froelicher, V. F., Leon, A. S., Piña, I. L., Rodney, R., et al. (2001) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/hc3901.095960 · Cited by 1,923 · see citing works
Effects of Exercise on Glycemic Control and Body Mass in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-analysis of Controlled Clinical Trials
Boulé, N. G., Haddad, E., Kenny, G. P., Wells, G. A., & Sigal, R. J. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.286.10.1218 · Cited by 1,889 · see citing works
Self-citation
ACSM Position Stand
Mazzeo, R. S., Cavanagh, P. R., Evans, W. J., FIATARONE, M. A., Hagberg, J. M., McAuley, E., & Startzell, J. (1998) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199806000-00033 · Cited by 1,192 · see citing works
Subcutaneous abdominal fat and thigh muscle composition predict insulin sensitivity independently of visceral fat
Goodpaster, B. H., Leland Thaete, F., Simoneau, J.-A., & Kelley, D. E. (1997) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diacare.46.10.1579 · Cited by 1,012 · see citing works
Identifying relevant studies for systematic reviews
Clarke, M., & Greaves, L. (1995) · British medical journal · doi:10.1136/bmj.310.6981.741a · Cited by 941 · see citing works
Physical Fitness and All-Cause Mortality
Macintyre, J. (1995) · Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine · doi:10.1097/00042752-199510000-00015 · Cited by 899 · see citing works
Familial aggregation ofV˙ <scp>o</scp> 2 max response to exercise training: results from the HERITAGE Family Study
Bouchard, C., An, P., Rice, T., Skinner, J. S., Wilmore, J. H., Gagnon, J., Pérusse, L., Leon, A. S., & Rao, D. C. (1999) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1999.87.3.1003 · Cited by 875 · see citing works
Skeletal muscle capillary density and fiber type are possible determinants of in vivo insulin resistance in man
Lillioja, S., Young, A. A., Culter, C. L., Ivy, J. L., Abbott, W. G., Zawadzki, J. K., Yki-Järvinen, H., Christin, L., Secomb, T. W., & Bogardus, C. (1987) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci113088 · Cited by 782 · see citing works
Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Physical Inactivity as Predictors of Mortality in Men with Type 2 Diabetes
Wei, M., Gibbons, L. W., Kampert, J. B., Nichaman, M. Z., & Blair, S. N. (2000) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-132-8-200004180-00002 · Cited by 709 · see citing works
A test to determine parameters of aerobic function during exercise
Whipp, B. J., Davis, J. A., Torres, F., & Wasserman, K. (1981) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1981.50.1.217 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. Exercise and physical activity for older adults.
(1998) · PubMed · Cited by 618 · see citing works
Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes
(2000) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200007000-00024 · Cited by 604 · see citing works
The effect of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on vascular function in type 2 diabetes
Maiorana, A., O’Driscoll, G., Cheetham, C., Dembo, L. G., Stanton, K. G., Goodman, C., Taylor, R. R., & GREEN, D. J. (2001) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01439-5 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
The association between cardiorespiratory fitness and impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes mellitus in men
Wei, M., Gibbons, L. W., Mitchell, T. L., Kampert, J. B., Lee, C. D., & Blair, S. N. (1999) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-130-2-199901190-00002 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Changes in physical fitness and changes in mortality
Erikssen, G., Liestøl, K., Bjørnholt, J., Thaulow, E., Sandvik, L., & Erikssen, J. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)02268-5 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Altered glycolytic and oxidative capacities of skeletal muscle contribute to insulin resistance in NIDDM
Simoneau, J.-A., & Kelley, D. E. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.83.1.166 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Changes in Physical Fitness and Changes in Mortality
&NA; (1999) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/00008483-199903000-00010 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Skeletal muscle glycolytic and oxidative enzyme capacities are determinants of insulin sensitivity and muscle composition in obese women.
Simoneau, J., Colberg, S. R., Thaete, F. L., & Kelley, D. E. (1995) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.9.2.7781930 · Cited by 362 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Insulin resistance is associated with many abnormalities in muscle tissue such as an increase in muscle lipid content, impaired glycogen synthesis, an enzymatic disposition towards anaerobic generation of energy (high PFK/CS ratio), an increase in the proportion of Type 2 muscle fibres and a reduced capillary density…”
Background
Mobilization of visceral adipose tissue related to the improvement in insulin sensitivity in response to physical training in NIDDM. Effects of branched-chain amino acid supplements
Mourier, A., Gautier, J.-F., Kerviler, E. D., Bigard, A. X., Villette, J.-M., Garnier, J.-P., Duvallet, A., Guezennec, C. Y., & Cathelineau, G. (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.3.385 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Combined aerobic and resistance exercise improves glycemic control and fitness in type 2 diabetes
Maiorana, A., O’Driscoll, G., Goodman, C., Taylor, R. R., & GREEN, D. J. (2002) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/s0168-8227(01)00368-0 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Weight Reduction and Exercise for Diabetes Management in Older African-American Subjects
Agurs‐Collins, T., Kumanyika, S., Have, T. R. T., & Adams-Campbell, L. L. (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.10.1503 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Effects of Physical Training and Diet Therapy on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Patients with Glucose Intolerance and Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Bogardus, C., Ravussin, É., Robbins, D. C., Wolfe, R. R., Horton, E. S., & Sims, E. A. H. (1984) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.33.4.311 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing
MYERS, J. N., Prakash, M., Froelicher, V. F., Do, D., Partington, S. L., & Atwood, J. E. (2002) · ACC Current Journal Review · doi:10.1016/s1062-1458(02)00697-9 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Abnormal oxygen uptake kinetic responses in women with type II diabetes mellitus
Regensteiner, J. G., Bauer, T. A., Reusch, J. E. B., Brandenburg, S. L., Sippel, J. M., Vogelsong, A. M., Smith, S. C., Wolfel, E. E., Eckel, R. H., & Hiatt, W. R. (1998) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1998.85.1.310 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Effects of non-insulin-dependent diabetes on oxygen consumption during treadmill exercise
Regensteiner, J. G., Sippel, J. M., McFARLING, E. T., Wolfel, E. E., & Hiatt, W. R. (1995) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199505000-00007 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Resistance training improves the metabolic profile in individuals with type 2 diabetes
Honkola, A., Forsén, T. J., & Eriksson, J. G. (1997) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s005920050082 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Effects of a short-term circuit weight training program on glycaemic control in NIDDM
Dunstan, D. W., Puddey, I. B., Beilin, L. J., Burke, V., Morton, A. R., & Stanton, K. G. (1998) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/s0168-8227(98)00027-8 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Effects of exercise on glycemic control and body mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta‐analysis of controlled clinical trials
Boulé, N. G., Haddad, E., Kenny, G. P., Wells, G. A., & Sigal, R. J. (2002) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0838.2002.120111_3.x · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Self-citation
Exercise in a behavioural weight control programme for obese patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes
Wing, R. R., Epstein, L. H., Paternostro-Bayles, M., Kriska, A. M., Nowalk, M. P., & Gooding, W. E. (1988) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00265375 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Evidence of an Increased Number of Type IIb Muscle Fibers in Insulin-Resistant First-Degree Relatives of Patients with NIDDM
Nyholm, B., Qu, Z., Kaal, A., Pedersen, S. B., Gravholt, C. H., Andersen, J. L., Saltin, B., & Schmitz, O. (1997) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.46.11.1822 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Habitual physical activity, aerobic capacity and metabolic control in patients with newly-diagnosed Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: effect of 1-year diet and exercise intervention
Vanninen, E. J., Uusitupa, M. I. J., Siitonen, O., Laitinen, J. H., & L�nsimies, E. (1992) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00401201 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Effects of aerobic physical exercise in the elderly with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Tessier, D., Ménard, J., Fülöp, T., Ardilouze, J., Roy, M.-A., Dubuc, N., Dubois, M., & Gauthier, P. (2000) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/s0167-4943(00)00076-5 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Effects of exercise training on oxygen uptake kinetic responses in women with type 2 diabetes.
Brandenburg, S. L., Reusch, J. E. B., Bauer, T. A., Jeffers, B. W., Hiatt, W. R., & Regensteiner, J. G. (1999) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.22.10.1640 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Effects of diet and exercise interventions on control and quality of life in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Kaplan, R. M., Hartwell, S. L., Wilson, D. K., & Wallace, J. P. (1987) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02596443 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
The Independent and Combined Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Dietary Fish Intake on Serum Lipids and Glycemic Control in NIDDM: A randomized controlled study
Dunstan, D. W., Mori, T. A., Puddey, I. B., Beilin, L. J., Burke, V., Morton, A. R., & Stanton, K. G. (1997) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.20.6.913 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Leisure-Time Physical Activity Patterns in the U.S. Diabetic Population: Findings from the 1990 National Health Interview Survey—Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Supplement
Ford, E. S., & Herman, W. H. (1995) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.18.1.27 · Cited by 126 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, the VO2max response to exercise training in people with Type 2 diabetes could be different from what is expected in the non-diabetic population since people with Type 2 diabetes have lower initial physical activity levels [17], lower initial VO2max [7, 8] and perhaps a common genetic predisposition to both Ty…”
Background
Effect of dietary fish and exercise training on urinary F2-isoprostane excretion in non—insulin-dependent diabetic patients
Mori, T. A., Dunstan, D. W., Burke, V., Croft, K. D., Rivera, J., Beilin, L. J., & Puddey, I. B. (1999) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(99)90150-6 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Effects of Exercise Training Modality on Glucose Tolerance in Men with Abnormal Glucose Regulation
SMUTOK, M. A., Reece, C., Kokkinos, P. F., Farmer, C., Dawson, P., Vane, J. D., Patterson, J., Goldberg, A. P., & Hurley, B. F. (1994) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2007-1021061 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Loss of abdominal fat and improvement of the cardiovascular risk profile by regular moderate exercise training in patients with NIDDM
Lehmann, R., Vokac, A., Niedermann, K., Agosti, K., & Spinas, G. A. (1995) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00401764 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
The Association Between Diabetic Complications and Exercise Capacity in NIDDM Patients
Estacio, R. O., Regensteiner, J. G., Wolfel, E. E., Jeffers, B., Dickenson, M., & Schrier, R. W. (1998) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.21.2.291 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Autonomic influence on cardiovascular performance in diabetic subjects
Roy, T. M., Peterson, H. R., Snider, H. L., Cyrus, J., Broadstone, V. L., Fell, R. D., Rothchild, A. H., Samols, E., & Pfeifer, M. A. (1989) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(89)80818-6 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Physical training as treatment for Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes in elderly men. A feasibility study over 2 years
Skarfors, E., Wegener, T., Lithell, H., & Selinus, I. (1987) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00295876 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
A Controlled Randomized Study on the Effect of Long‐term Physical Exercise on the Metabolic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Rönnemaa, T., Mattila, K. S., Lehtonen, A., & Kallio, V. (1986) · Acta Medica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1986.tb02754.x · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Early lifestyle intervention in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and impaire glucose tolerance
Uusitupa, M. I. J. (1996) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853899608999106 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Glycemic Status, and Mortality Risk in Men
Kohl, H. W., Gordon, N. F., Villegas, J. A., & Blair, S. N. (1992) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.15.2.184 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Effects of non-insulin-dependent diabetes on oxygen consumption during treadmill exercise
Regensteiner, J. G., Sippel, J. M., McFARLING, E. T., Wolfel, E. E., & Hiatt, W. R. (1995) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199506000-00012 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Effects of physical training and diet therapy on carbohydrate metabolism in patients with glucose intolerance and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Bogardus, C., Ravussin, E., Robbins, D. C., et al. (1984) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.33.4.311 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
An Assessment of Methods to Combine Published Survival Curves
Earle, C. C., & Wells, G. A. (2000) · Medical Decision Making · doi:10.1177/0272989x0002000113 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citation
Moderate exercise improves glucose metabolism in uncontrolled elderly patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Raz, I., Hauser, E. R., & Bursztyn, M. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Re-evaluation of exercise prescription for Japanese type 2 diabetic patients by ventilatory threshold
Kunitomi, M., Takahashi, K., Wada, J., Suzuki, H., Miyatake, N., Ogawa, S., Ohta, S., Sugimoto, H., Shikata, K., & Makino, H. (2000) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/s0168-8227(00)00170-4 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Effects of exercise on cardiovascular disease risk in women with NIDDM
Verity, L., & Ismail, A. H. (1989) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/0168-8227(89)90054-5 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Untitled work
(1988) · PubMed · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Prospective Evaluation of HDL Cholesterol Changes After Diet and Physical Conditioning Programs for Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Kaplan, R. M., Wilson, D. K., Hartwell, S. L., Merino, K. L., & Wallace, J. P. (1985) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.8.4.343 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Effect of Metabolic Control on Autonomic Function in Obese Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes
Vanninen, E. J., Uusitupa, M. I. J., Länsimies, E., Siitonen, O., & Laitinen, J. H. (1993) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.1993.tb01999.x · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Evidence of an increased number of type IIb muscle fibers in insulin-resistant first-degree relatives of patients with NIDDM
Nyholm, B., Qu, Z., Kaal, A., et al. (1997) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.46.11.1822 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Effects of a single bout of exercise and exercise training on steroid levels in middle-aged type 2 diabetic men: relationship to abdominal adipose tissue distribution and metabolic status.
Boudou, P., de Kerviler, É., Vexiau, P., Fiet, J., Cathelineau, G., & Gautier, J. F. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Influences on Weight Loss in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Little Long‐term Benefit from Group Behaviour Therapy and Exercise Training
Blonk, M. C., Jacobs, M., Biesheuvel, E., Weeda-Mannak, W. L., & Heine, R. J. (1994) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.1994.tb00305.x · Cited by 42 · see citing works
A Randomised, Controlled Study of the Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Dietary Fish on Coagulation and Fibrinolytic Factors in Type 2 Diabetics
Mori, T., Puddey, I., Beilin, L., Burke, V., Morton, A., Stanton, K., & Dunstan, D. W. (1999) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1055/s-0037-1614479 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Will older sedentary people with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus start exercising? A health promotion model
Samaras, K., Ashwell, S. G., Mackintosh, A.-M., Fleury, A. C., Campbell, L. V., & Chisholm, D. J. (1997) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/s0168-8227(97)00061-2 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Alterations of lipolytic enzymes and high‐density lipoprotein subfractions induced by physical activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Lehmann, R., Engler, H., Honegger, R., Riesen, W., & Spinas, G. A. (2001) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.2001.00752.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Exercise training-induced triglyceride lowering negatively correlates with DHEA levels in men with type 2 diabetes
Boudou, P., de Kerviler, É., Erlich, D., Vexiau, P., & Gautier, J. (2001) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801637 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Coronary risk factors in type II diabetes: response to low-intensity aerobic exercise.
YEATER, R. A., Ullrich, I. H., Maxwell, L. P., & Goetsch, V. L. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Loss of abdominal fat and improvement of the cardiovascular risk profile by regular moderate exercise training in patients with NIDDM
Lehmann, R., Vokac, A., Niedermann, K., Agosti, K., & Spinas, G. A. (1995) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250050429 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Effects of physical training on glucose tolerance and insulin response in diabetics.
Fujii, S., Okuno, Y., Okada, K., Tanaka, S., Seki, J., Wada, M., & Iseki, T. (1982) · PubMed · Cited by 10 · see citing works
[Physical exercise therapy in diabetes mellitus--the role of clinical laboratory examinations].
Fujii, S. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Standards of medical care in diabetes—2014
American Diabetes Association (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-s014 · Cited by 4,572 · see citing works
Standards of medical care in diabetes—2013
American Diabetes Association (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-s011 · Cited by 4,369 · see citing works
Exercise as medicine - evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases
Pedersen, B. K., & Saltin, B. (2015) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12581 · Cited by 3,514 · see citing works
Standards of medical care in diabetes 2010
American Diabetes Association (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-s011 · Cited by 3,470 · see citing works
Standards of medical care in diabetes—2011
American Diabetes Association (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-s011 · Cited by 2,880 · see citing works
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2009
American Diabetes Association (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-s013 · Cited by 2,167 · see citing works
Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes
Colberg, S. R., Sigal, R. J., Fernhall, B., Regensteiner, J. G., Blissmer, B. J., Rubin, R. R., Chasan-Taber, L., Albright, A. L., & Braun, B. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-9990 · Cited by 1,955 · see citing works
“A metaanalysis (25) showed that exercise”
Self-citation
American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology Comprehensive Clinical Practice Guidelines For Medical Care of Patients with Obesity
Garvey, W. T., Mechanick, J. I., Brett, E. M., Garber, A. J., Hurley, D. L., Jastreboff, A. M., Nadolsky, K., Pessah-Pollack, R., & Plodkowski, R. (2016) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep161365.gl · Cited by 1,914 · see citing works
Evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in chronic disease
Pedersen, B. K., & Saltin, B. (2006) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00520.x · Cited by 1,384 · see citing works
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2008
American Diabetes Association (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-s012 · Cited by 1,377 · see citing works
Physical Activity Advice Only or Structured Exercise Training and Association With HbA 1c Levels in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Umpierre, D. (2011) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2011.576 · Cited by 1,358 · see citing works
Long-term Effects of a Lifestyle Intervention on Weight and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Four-Year Results of the Look AHEAD Trial
(2010) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2010.334 · Cited by 1,162 · see citing works
Exercise/Physical Activity in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Statement from the American College of Sports Medicine
KANALEY, J. A., COLBERG, S. R., CORCORAN, M. H., MALIN, S. K., RODRIGUEZ, N. R., CRESPO, C. J., KIRWAN, J. P., & ZIERATH, J. R. (2022) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002800 · Cited by 931 · see citing works
Physical Activity/Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes
Sigal, R. J., Kenny, G. P., Wasserman, D. H., Castaneda-Sceppa, C., & White, R. D. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-9910 · Cited by 949 · see citing works
Self-citation
The role of exercise and physical activity in weight loss and maintenance
Swift, D. L., Johannsen, N. M., Lavie, C. J., Earnest, C. P., & Church, T. S. (2014) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.09.012 · Cited by 855 · see citing works
Position statement on physical activity and exercise intensity terminology.
Norton, K., Norton, L., & Sadgrove, D. (2010) · Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.09.008 · Cited by 804 · see citing works
Physical Activity/Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes
Sigal, R. J., Kenny, G. P., Wasserman, D. H., & Castaneda-Sceppa, C. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.10.2518 · Cited by 763 · see citing works
Self-citation
5. Lifestyle Management:Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019
American Diabetes Association (2019) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-s005 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
Comprehensive management of cardiovascular risk factors for adults with type 2 diabetes: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association
Joseph, J. J., Deedwania, P., Acharya, T., Aguilar, D., Bhatt, D. L., Chyun, D. A., Di Palo, K. E., Golden, S. H., Sperling, L. S., & on behalf of the American Heart Association Diabetes Committee of the Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; Council on Arteriosclerosis, T. A. V. B. C. O. C. C. A. C. O. H. (2022) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001040 · Cited by 660 · see citing works
The effects of high-intensity interval training on glucose regulation and insulin resistance: A meta-analysis
Jelleyman, C., Yates, T., O'Donovan, G., Gray, L. J., King, J. A., Khunti, K., & Davies, M. J. (2015) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12317 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
4. Lifestyle Management: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2018
American Diabetes Association (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-s004 · Cited by 563 · see citing works
Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes: American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association Joint Position Statement
(2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181eeb61c · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Japanese clinical practice guideline for diabetes 2019
Araki, E., Goto, A., Kondo, T., Noda, M., Noto, H., Origasa, H., Osawa, H., Taguchi, A., Tanizawa, Y., Tobe, K., et al. (2020) · Diabetology International · doi:10.1007/s13340-020-00439-5 · Cited by 545 · see citing works
American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update.
Blonde, L., Umpierrez, G. E., Reddy, S. S., McGill, J. B., Berga, S. L., Bush, M., Chandrasekaran, S., DeFronzo, R. A., Einhorn, D., Galindo, R. J., et al. (2022) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2022.08.002 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
The essential role of exercise in the management of type 2 diabetes
Kirwan, J. P., Sacks, J., & Nieuwoudt, S. (2017) · Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3949/ccjm.84.s1.03 · Cited by 467 · see citing works
Chronic disease and the link to physical activity
Durstine, J. L., Gordon, B., Wang, Z., & Luo, X. (2013) · Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2012.07.009 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Twelve weeks of sprint interval training improves indices of cardiometabolic health similar to traditional endurance training despite a five-fold lower exercise volume and time commitment
Gillen, J. B., Martin, B. J., MacInnis, M. J., Skelly, L. E., Tarnopolsky, M. A., & Gibala, M. J. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154075 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
“Several recent reports, however, suggest that when exercise is matched for total volume or energy expenditure, higher-intensity exercise training confers larger improvements in insulin sensitivity in individuals with obesity [43], metabolic syndrome [33] and type 2 diabetes [31,34].”
Background
5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes:Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023
ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D., Johnson, E. L., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-s005 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
The Effects of Free-Living Interval-Walking Training on Glycemic Control, Body Composition, and Physical Fitness in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Karstoft, K., Winding, K., Knudsen, S. H., Nielsen, J. S., Thomsen, C., Pedersen, B. K., & Solomon, T. P. J. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-0658 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Effect of an Intensive Exercise Intervention Strategy on Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus<subtitle>A Randomized Controlled Trial: The Italian Diabetes and Exercise Study (IDES)</subtitle><alt-title>Intensive Exercise and Modifiable CV Risk Factors</alt-title>
Balducci, S. (2010) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2010.380 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
5. Facilitating Behavior Change and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes:Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-s005 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Exercise prescription for patients with type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes: a position statement from Exercise and Sport Science Australia
Hordern, M. D., Dunstan, D. W., Prins, J. B., Baker, M. K., Singh, M. A. F., & Coombes, J. S. (2012) · Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2011.04.005 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
4. Lifestyle Management
American Diabetes Association (2017) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc17-s007 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Effect of an Intensive Lifestyle Intervention on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Johansen, M. Y., MacDonald, C. S., Hansen, K. B., Karstoft, K., Christensen, R., Pedersen, M., Hansen, L. S., Zacho, M., Wedell-Neergaard, A.-S., Nielsen, S. T., et al. (2017) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2017.10169 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Clinical outcomes and glycaemic responses to different aerobic exercise training intensities in type II diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Grace, A., Chan, E., Giallauria, F., Graham, P. L., & Smart, N. A. (2017) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-017-0518-6 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Evidence-based practice guideline for the treatment for diabetes in Japan 2013
Tajima, N., Noda, M., Origasa, H., Noto, H., Yabe, D., Fujita, Y., Goto, A., Fujimoto, K., Sakamoto, M., & Haneda, M. (2015) · Diabetology International · doi:10.1007/s13340-015-0206-2 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Effect of aerobic exercise intensity on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of head-to-head randomized trials
Liubaoerjijin, Y., Terada, T., Fletcher, K., & Boulé, N. G. (2016) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-016-0870-0 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effect of a lifestyle intervention on change in cardiorespiratory fitness in adults with type 2 diabetes: results from the Look AHEAD Study
Look AHEAD Study Group, Jakicic, J. M., Jaramillo, S. A., Balasubramanyam, A., Bancroft, B., Curtis, J. M., Mathews, A., Pereira, M., Regensteiner, J. G., & Ribisl, P. M. (2009) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.280 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Compliance with physical activity recommendations in US adults with diabetes
Zhao, G., Ford, E. S., Li, C., & Mokdad, A. H. (2008) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02332.x · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Exercise capacity and muscle strength in patients with cirrhosis
Jones, J. C., Coombes, J. S., & Macdonald, G. A. (2012) · Liver Transplantation · doi:10.1002/lt.22472 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Exercise Increases Adiponectin and Reduces Leptin Levels in Prediabetic and Diabetic Individuals: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Becic, T., Studenik, C., & Hoffmann, G. (2018) · Medical Sciences · doi:10.3390/medsci6040097 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Effect of exercise training on heart rate variability in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Picard, M., Tauveron, I., Magdasy, S., Benichou, T., Bagheri, R., Ugbolue, U. C., Navel, V., & Dutheil, F. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0251863 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Effect of High- versus Low-Intensity Supervised Aerobic and Resistance Training on Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes; The Italian Diabetes and Exercise Study (IDES)
Balducci, S., Zanuso, S., Cardelli, P., Salvi, L., Bazuro, A., Pugliese, L., Maccora, C., Iacobini, C., Conti, F. G., Nicolucci, A., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049297 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Exercise in the Management of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) in Adults: A Position Statement from Exercise and Sport Science Australia
Keating, S. E., Sabag, A., Hallsworth, K., Hickman, I. J., Macdonald, G. A., Stine, J. G., George, J., & Johnson, N. A. (2023) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-023-01918-w · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Brief Intense Stair Climbing Improves Cardiorespiratory Fitness
ALLISON, M. K., BAGLOLE, J. H., MARTIN, B. J., MACINNIS, M. J., GURD, B. J., & GIBALA, M. J. (2017) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001188 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Lifestyle changes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Fernández, T., Viñuela, M., Vidal, C., & Barrera, F. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0263931 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Step counter use in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Qiu, S., Cai, X., Chen, X., Yang, B., & Sun, Z. (2014) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-12-36 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Effect of aerobic exercise training on oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Nojima, H., Watanabe, H., Yamane, K., Kitahara, Y., Sekikawa, K., Yamamoto, H., Yokoyama, A., Inamizu, T., Asahara, T., & Kohno, N. (2008) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2007.08.021 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Clinical outcomes to exercise training in type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ostman, C., Jewiss, D., King, N., & Smart, N. A. (2018) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2017.11.036 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Effects of tai chi on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in older adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomised double-blind sham-exercise- controlled trial
Tsang, T., Orr, R., Lam, P., Comino, E., & Singh, M. F. (2008) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afm127 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Resistance Training and Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Strength of the Evidence
Hovanec, N., Sawant, A., Overend, T. J., Petrella, R. J., & Vandervoort, A. A. (2012) · Journal of Aging Research · doi:10.1155/2012/284635 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
May the force be with you: Why resistance training is essential for subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications
Codella, R., Ialacqua, M., Terruzzi, I., & Luzi, L. (2018) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-018-1603-7 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Exercise as ‘precision medicine’ for insulin resistance and its progression to type 2 diabetes: a research review
DiMenna, F. J., & Arad, A. D. (2018) · BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-018-0110-8 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Beyond general resistance training. Hypertrophy versus muscular endurance training as therapeutic interventions in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Acosta‐Manzano, P., Rodriguez‐Ayllon, M., Acosta, F. M., Niederseer, D., & Niebauer, J. (2020) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13007 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
A systematic review of adherence to physical activity interventions in individuals with type 2 diabetes
MacDonald, C. S., Ried‐Larsen, M., Soleimani, J., Alsawas, M., Lieberman, D. E., Ismail, A. S., Serafim, L. P., Yang, T., Prokop, L., Joyner, M., et al. (2021) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.3444 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Effects of exercise training on HbA 1c and VO 2peak in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease: A randomised clinical trial
Byrkjeland, R., Njerve, I. U., Anderssen, S., Arnesen, H., Seljeflot, I., & Solheim, S. (2015) · Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research · doi:10.1177/1479164115590552 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Exercise Training Improves Glycemic Control in Long-Standing Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetic Patients
De Feyter, H. M., Praet, S. F., van den Broek, N. M., Kuipers, H., Stehouwer, C. D., Nicolay, K., Prompers, J. J., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-0183 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Tai chi chuan exercise decreases A1C levels along with increase of regulatory T-cells and decrease of cytotoxic T-cell population in type 2 diabetic patients
Yeh, S.-H., Chuang, H., Lin, L.-W., Hsiao, C.-Y., Wang, P.-W., & Yang, K. D. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-1507 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Meta-analysis of exercise training on vascular endothelial function in cancer survivors
Beaudry, R. I., Liang, Y., Boyton, S. T., Tucker, W. J., Brothers, R. M., Daniel, K. M., Rao, R., & Haykowsky, M. J. (2018) · Integrative Cancer Therapies · doi:10.1177/1534735418756193 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The role of aerobic training variables progression on glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Delevatti, R. S., Bracht, C. G., Lisboa, S. D. C., Costa, R. R., Marson, E. C., Netto, N., & Kruel, L. F. M. (2019) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-019-0194-z · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Personalized Feedback Alone or Combined with Peer Support to Improve Physical Activity in Sedentary Older Malays with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Sazlina, S.-G., Browning, C. J., & Yasin, S. (2015) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2015.00178 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Exercise intensity and insulin sensitivity: how low can you go?
Hawley, J. A., & Gibala, M. J. (2009) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-009-1425-5 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Effects of 12-week overground walking training at ventilatory threshold velocity in type 2 diabetic women.
Belli, T., Ribeiro, L. F. P., Ackermann, M. A., Baldissera, V., Gobatto, C. A., & Galdino da Silva, R. (2011) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2011.05.007 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Functional adaptations in the skeletal muscle microvasculature to endurance and interval sprint training in the type 2 diabetic OLETF rat
Martin, J. S., Padilla, J., Jenkins, N. T., Crissey, J. M., Bender, S. B., Rector, R. S., Thyfault, J. P., & Laughlin, M. H. (2012) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00823.2012 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Relationship Between Long-Term Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study
Masuda, H., Ishiyama, D., Yamada, M., Iwashima, F., Kimura, Y., Otobe, Y., Tani, N., Suzuki, M., & Nakajima, H. (2021) · Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/dmso.s307070 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The effect of real-time monitoring of physical activity intensity in diabetic patients
Tanaka, R., Fujita, K., Maeno, S., Yakushiji, K., Tanaka, S., Ohnaka, K., Ashida, K., Sakamoto, S., & Nomura, M. (2022) · Japan Journal of Nursing Science · doi:10.1111/jjns.12445 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Self-reported physical activity compared with maximal oxygen uptake in adults
Aadahl, M., Kjær, M., Kristensen, J. H., Mollerup, B., & Jørgensen, T. (2007) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/hjr.0b013e3280128d00 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Cardiorespiratory fitness data from 18,189 participants who underwent treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise testing in a Brazilian population
Neto, J. M. R., Tebexreni, A. S., Alves, A. N. F., Smanio, P. E. P., de Abreu, F. B., Thomazi, M. C., Nishio, P. A., & Antelmi, I. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209897 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Long-Term Regular Exercise Increases VO2max for Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Mohajan, D., & Mohajan, H. K. (2023) · Innovation in Science and Technology · doi:10.56397/ist.2023.03.07 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Longitudinal changes in physical activity levels over 5 years and relationship to cardiorespiratory fitness in Chinese midlife women.
Yu, R., Yau, F., Ho, S. C., et al. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 4 · see citing works
P3–297: Assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness and endurance in people with Alzheimer's disease: Preliminary results
Sobol, N. A., Hoffmann, K., Frederiksen, K. S., et al. (2013) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.1371

Authors: Haddad, E., Wells, G. A., Sigal, R. J., Boul�, N. G., & Kenny, G. P.
Affiliations: University of Ottawa (CA)
Corresponding author: Sigal, R. J.
ORCID: Haddad, E.
Wells, G. A.
Kenny, G. P.
Venue: Diabetologia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2003-08-01
Volume: 46
Issue: 8
Pages: 1071-1081
ISSN: 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
1432-0428
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-003-1160-2
OpenAlex: W1969171226
Cited by: 601
References: 79
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 35
FWCI: 2.00
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords: type 2 diabetes, aerobic exercise, cardiorespiratory fitness, VO2max, exercise intensity, HbA1c, glycemic control, mortality risk
MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Exercise Therapy, Humans, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Fitness, Respiratory Physiological Phenomena, Exercise, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Databases, Factual, MEDLINE

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Meta-analysis of the effect of structured exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness in Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks