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Increased Mortality Among Patients Admitted With Major Psychiatric Disorders: A Register-Based Study Comparing Mortality in Unipolar Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Affective Disorder, Schizoaffective Disorder, and Schizophrenia
Abstract
CONTEXT: Persons suffering from severe mental disorder have an excess mortality compared to persons with no mental disorder. However, the magnitude of the excess mortality differs from one mental disorder to another, and the impact on mortality if a first-degree family member suffers from a mental disorder has never been examined in a population-based study. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to examine and compare mortality rates after admission with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, unipolar depressive disorder, or bipolar affective disorder and to examine the impact of family history of psychiatric admission on mortality. METHOD: We established a register-based cohort study of 5.5 million persons born in Denmark who were alive on or born after January 1, 1973 and alive on their 15th birthday. Mortality rate ratios were estimated by survival analysis, using Poisson regression. RESULTS: Unipolar depressive disorder, bipolar affective disorder, and schizoaffective disorder were associated with the same pattern of excess mortality. Schizophrenia had a lower mortality from unnatural causes of death and a higher mortality from natural causes compared to the 3 other disorders. Family history of psychiatric admission was associated with excess mortality. CONCLUSION: Patients suffering from the 4 disorders all had an excess mortality, but the pattern of excess mortality was not the same. There was an excess mortality associated with mental disorder in a first-degree family member, but this only explained a small part of the general excess mortality associated with the 4 mental disorders examined.
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“Notably, the SMR for cancer was only 1.37, which has also been observed in other studies (Laursen et al. 2007;Mortensen & Juel 1990, 1993).”
From Excess early mortality in schizophrenia. (2014) · cites this paper as Laursen et al. 2007
In the citing paper
“Patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia seem to be a particular vulnerable patient group [6].”
From Life expectancy and death by diseases of the circulatory system in patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia in the Nordic countries. (2013) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Today, respiratory diseases are still more prevalent in people with SMI (8,(410)(411)(412)(413)(414)(415)(416)(417).”
From Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care (2011) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“In the population of bipolar spectrum disorders, deaths from cancer are not higher (8,288,416,417,454-456) or only slightly elevated (417,418,456) compared with the general population, despite the higher number of risk factors for cancer (such as obesity) in this population.”
From Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care (2011) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“The excess mortality is not solely explained by increased risk of suicide and other external causes of death; it is also due to diseases and medical conditions.”
From Excess mortality, causes of death and life expectancy in 270,770 patients with recent onset of mental disorders in Denmark, Finland and Sweden (2013) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“A recent Danish study confirms that mortality from cardiovascular disease, malignant neoplasms, respiratory diseases and endocrine and metabolic conditions was more than twofold higher for both men and women with schizophrenia and affective disorders compared to the general population. [6].”
From Excess mortality, causes of death and life expectancy in 270,770 patients with recent onset of mental disorders in Denmark, Finland and Sweden (2013) · cites this paper as [6]
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“deaths from cancer are not higher (8,288,416,417,454-456) or only slightly elevated (417,418,456) compared with the”
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Life expectancy and cardiovascular mortality in persons with schizophrenia
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Self-citationLife expectancy among persons with schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder
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Self-citationThe Burden of Mental Disorders
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Interventions to reduce discrimination and stigma: the state of the art
Gronholm, P. C., Henderson, C., Deb, T., & Thornicroft, G. (2017) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-017-1341-9 · Cited by 401
“As expected for such a multifaceted phenomenon, the impacts of experienced and anticipated discrimination in combination are severe: poor access to mental [2, 3], and physical healthcare [4]; reduced life expectancy [5, 6]; exclusion from higher education [7, 8] and employment [9]; increased risk of contact with crimi…”
Correll, C. U., Robinson, D. G., Schooler, N. R., Brunette, M. F., Mueser, K. T., Rosenheck, R. A., Marcy, P., Addington, J., Estroff, S. E., Robinson, J., et al. (2014) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.1314 · Cited by 384
“Patients and Treatment The following were inclusion criteria for the patients: (1) being aged 15 to 40 years (1 patient was aged 51 years; a protocol exception was filed); (2) being diagnosed as having schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder, psychotic disorder not otherwise specified, or br…”
BackgroundCancer-Related Mortality in People With Mental Illness
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“expected to facilitate treatment access.(1,6,8,9,13) Chronic physical disorders such”
BackgroundLaursen, T. M., Wahlbeck, K., Hällgren, J., Westman, J., Ösby, U., Alinaghizadeh, H., Gissler, M., & Nordentoft, M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067133 · Cited by 313
Self-citationPsychiatric Diagnoses and Risk of Suicide in Veterans
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Premature Mortality From General Medical Illnesses Among Persons With Bipolar Disorder: A Review
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“Moreover, we do not question the association between depression and suicide where the evidence is unquestionable [18, 91, 92].”
BackgroundThe epidemiology of excess mortality in people with mental illness
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“The age distribution of a cohort is also relevant, as unnatural deaths are highest in younger age groups.(6)”
BackgroundDepression and frailty in later life: a synthetic review
Mezuk, B., Edwards, L., Lohman, M., Choi, M., & Lapane, K. (2012) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2807 · Cited by 257
“Depression in later life is predictive of many of the same kinds of outcomes as frailty, including cognitive impairment (Andersen et al., 2005), disability (Bruce, 2001), fracture (Whooley et al., 1999), and mortality (Rovner et al., 1991; Laursen et al., 2007).”
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Smıth, D. J., Langan, J., McLean, G., Guthrie, B., & Mercer, S. W. (2013) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002808 · Cited by 254
Mortality and life expectancy in persons with severe unipolar depression
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Self-citationTabarés-Seisdedos, R., & Rubenstein, J. L. R. (2009) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2009.2 · Cited by 244
Laursen, T. M., Munk‐Olsen, T., & Gasse, C. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024597 · Cited by 239
“Moreover, excess mortality in persons with severe mental disorder is larger among younger persons [4], and thus particularly relevant from a clinical point of view with regard to prevention.”
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“The literature supports that SUDs and psychiatric disorders both independently, and when co-occurring, increase the risk of dying due to unnatural causes [14, 15, 17, 52].”
BackgroundSelf-citationLife expectancy in bipolar disorder
Kessing, L. V., Vradi, E., & Andersen, P. K. (2015) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12296 · Cited by 230
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Self-citationRamasubbu, R., Taylor, V. H., Samaan, Z., Sockalingham, S., Li, M., Patten, S., Rodin, G., Schaffer, A., Beaulieu, S., & McIntyre, R. S. (2012) · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/104012371202400110 · Cited by 206
“5 6-9 These recommendations are not without controversy, however, in part because of equivocal outcomes in interventional studies.”
Cardiovascular mortality in bipolar disorder: a population-based cohort study in Sweden
Westman, J., Hällgren, J., Wahlbeck, K., Erlinge, D., Alfredsson, L., & Ösby, U. (2013) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002373 · Cited by 204
Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Bipolar Disorder
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“When considering the aggregate data, mindful of these limitations, an association between bipolar disorder and cardiovascular mortality is likely, particularly after weighting the larger, contemporary studies of Laursen et al 21 and Osby et al. 22 Despite data supporting an association between bipolar disorder and car…”
Causes of decreased life expectancy over the life span in bipolar disorder
Kessing, L. V., Vradi, E., McIntyre, R. S., & Andersen, P. K. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.027 · Cited by 209
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“A 2007 registry-based Danish study found differences between mortality in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder (Laursen et al., 2007) wherein those diagnosed with schizophrenia were more likely to die of natural causes than unnatural causes.”
BackgroundThe Epidemiologic Evidence Linking Autoimmune Diseases and Psychosis
Benros, M. E., Eaton, W. W., & Mortensen, P. B. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.09.023 · Cited by 196
Self-citationValidity of the diagnosis of a single depressive episode in a case register
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Review: Mortality in schizophrenia: a measurable clinical endpoint
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“For example, the Laursen et al. study included 3942 schizophrenia deaths (Laursen et al., 2007).”
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“Several studies have reported an increased risk of HD-related mortality among those with schizophrenia, but relatively few studies have compared mortality risk across other mental disorder diagnoses [17,31,32].”
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Metabolic syndrome with the atypical antipsychotics
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Self-citationManic/Hypomanic Symptom Burden and Cardiovascular Mortality in Bipolar Disorder
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“6) Female (%) 154 (53) 96 (65) Inpatient (%) 261 (91) 98 (67) Lowest Global Assessment Scale 31 (31; 11) 36 (35; 10) Marital status (%) Married 92 (32) 56 (38) Divorced/separated 61 (21) 38 (26) Single 127 (44) 51 (35) Widowed 8 (3) 2 (1) Educational level Without diploma 30 (10) 23 (16) High school graduate 73 (25) 4…”
MethodLong-term Risk of Dementia in Persons With Schizophrenia
Ribe, A. R., Laursen, T. M., Charles, M., Katon, W. J., Fenger‐Grøn, M., Davydow, D. S., Chwastiak, L., Cerimele, J. M., & Vestergaard, M. (2015) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.1546 · Cited by 162
Self-citationMortality in Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses: A 10-Year Follow-up of the ӔSOP First-Episode Cohort
Reininghaus, U., Dutta, R., Dazzan, P., Doody, G. A., Fearon, P., Lappin, J., Heslin, M., Onyejiaka, A., Donoghue, K., Lomas, B., et al. (2015) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu138 · Cited by 156
“In contrast to Neeleman’s 37 meta-analysis, but echoing more recent studies, 38,39 we found no difference in all, natural, and unnatural-cause mortality between nonaffective and affective psychoses.”
ResultComorbidity between neurological illness and psychiatric disorders
Hesdorffer, D. C. (2016) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852915000929 · Cited by 152
Associations between sedentary behaviour and metabolic parameters in patients with schizophrenia
Vancampfort, D., Probst, M., Knapen, J., Carraro, A., & De Hert, M. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.03.046 · Cited by 149
“, 2010a,b), illness related factors (Laursen et al., 2007), effects of antipsychotic treatment (De Hert et al.”
BackgroundTobacco-Related Mortality among Persons with Mental Health and Substance Abuse Problems
Bandiera, F. C., Anteneh, B., Le, T. L., Delucchi, K., & Guydish, J. R. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0120581 · Cited by 155
“[20–26] Colton and Manderscheid [27] conducted a study in 8 states in the U.”
MethodSchizophrenia and the risk of cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of thirteen cohort studies.
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“Patients with schizophrenia are at two to three times higher risk of mortality than the general population (Laursen et al., 2007; Osby et al., 2000; Saha et al., 2007).”
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Areas of uncertainties and unmet needs in bipolar disorders: clinical and research perspectives
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A cohort study on mental disorders, stage of cancer at diagnosis and subsequent survival
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“profile of causes of death among people with SMI is not substantially different from that in general population, although some specific patterns of death have been suggested, differing by sex, age group and mental disorder diagnosis.(3) 5–7 9–13 In recent decades, cardiovascular disease, stroke, respiratory diseases,…”
BackgroundLaursen, T. M., Plana‐Ripoll, O., Andersen, P. K., McGrath, J. J., Toender, A., Nordentoft, M., Canudas‐Romo, V., & Erlangsen, A. (2018) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.11.003 · Cited by 132
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“The association of schizophrenia with cardio-metabolic risk factors is a complex interplay between environmental (physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, substance abuse) [8–10], genetic [11] and illness related factors [12], as well as effects of antipsychotic treatment [13,14].”
BackgroundReproductive patterns in psychotic patients
Laursen, T. M., & Munk-Olsen, T. (2010) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2010.05.018 · Cited by 111
Self-citationBiazus, T. B., Beraldi, G. H., Tokeshi, L., Rotenberg, L. D. S., Dragioti, E., Carvalho, A. F., Solmi, M., & Lafer, B. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02109-9 · Cited by 133
All-cause mortality in women with severe postpartum psychiatric disorders
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“Thus, the group of childless women with psychiatric diagnoses in our cohort likely comprises the most severely mentally ill patients, who also represent the group with the worst overall prognosis (32, 33).”
BackgroundSelf-citationGenome-wide association study implicates NDST3 in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Lencz, T., Guha, S., Liu, C., Rosenfeld, J., Mukherjee, S., DeRosse, P., John, M., Cheng, L., Zhang, C., Badner, J. A., et al. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3739 · Cited by 111
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Contributions of specific causes of death to lost life expectancy in severe mental illness
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“Individuals with severe mental illness (SMI), including schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder, experience particularly higher all-cause mortality and lower life expectancy [2,3].”
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“Placebo arms 313 (15-92) 1172 (29-209) 131 (6-282) 468 (23-111) 99 (39-60)”
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“Previous studies have shown that the most critical period for suicide is early after the onset of the disorder (De Hert et al., 2001; Heilä et al., 2005; Laursen et al., 2007; Palmer et al., 2005; Tidemalm et al., 2008).”
Depression and cardiovascular disease: an update on how course of illness may influence risk
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“6, meaning they were 60 % more likely to die of cardiovascular diseases than the rest of the Danish population [5].”
BackgroundComorbidity Profile and Healthcare Utilization in Elderly Patients with Serious Mental Illnesses
Hendrie, H. C., Lindgren, D., Hay, D. P., Lane, K. A., Gao, S., Purnell, C. E., Munger, S., Smith, F. E., Dickens, J., Boustani, M. A., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2013.01.056 · Cited by 100
Diagnosis-specific sickness absence and all-cause mortality in the GAZEL study
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“With respect to mood disorder subtypes, most [1,2,7] but not all [3] studies that examined polarity demonstrated a greater risk for bipolar disorder when compared with unipolar depression, with a particularly stronger association in women [1,8].”
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Self-citationCancer mortality in patients with schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis
Zhuo, C., Tao, R., Jiang, R., Lin, X., & Shao, M. (2017) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.116.195776 · Cited by 93
Excess mortality in severe mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-regression
Ali, S., Santomauro, D. F., Ferrari, A. J., & Charlson, F. (2022) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.02.036 · Cited by 106
Suicide Risk in Medicare Patients With Schizophrenia Across the Life Span
Olfson, M., Stroup, T. S., Huang, C., Wall, M. M., Crystal, S., & Gerhard, T. (2021) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0841 · Cited by 95
Iglay, K., Santorelli, M. L., Hirshfield, K. M., Williams, J. M., Rhoads, G. G., Lin, Y., & Demissie, K. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2017.73.4947 · Cited by 89
Changes in newspaper coverage of mental illness from 2008 to 2014 in England
Rhydderch, D., Krooupa, A. ‐., Shefer, G., Goulden, R., Williams, P., Thornicroft, A., Rose, D., Thornicroft, G., & Henderson, C. (2016) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12606 · Cited by 85
“Stigma and discrimination against people with mental illness have substantial public health impact in England, maintaining inequalities (1) including poor access to mental and physical health care (2), reduced life expectancy (3, 4), exclusion from higher education (5, 6), employment (7), increased risk of contact wit…”
BackgroundMental Disorders Across the Adult Life Course and Future Coronary Heart Disease
Galé, C. R., Batty, G. D., Osborn, D., Tynelius, P., & Rasmussen, F. E. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.113.002065 · Cited by 85
Very Mild to Severe Dementia and Mortality: A 14-Year Follow-Up – The Odense Study
Andersen, K., Lolk, A., Martinussen, T., & Kragh-Sørensen, P. (2010) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000265553 · Cited by 82
Vancampfort, D., Probst, M., Scheewe, T. W., Knapen, J., Herdt, A. D., & Hert, M. A. F. D. (2012) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01825.x · Cited by 81
“The association of schizophrenia with metabolic and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors is a complex interplay between environmental (physical activity, diet, substance use) (7–10), genetic (11) and illness-related factors, such as specific symptoms (12), as well as treatment effects (13, 14).”
BackgroundPharmacotherapy of Mood Disorders
Thase, M. E., & Denko, T. (2008) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.2.022305.095301 · Cited by 82
Hansen, P. S., Laursen, M. F., Grøntved, S., Straszek, S. P. V., Licht, R. W., & Nielsen, R. E. (2018) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12684 · Cited by 82
Laursen, T. M., Mortensen, P. B., MacCabe, J. H., Cohen, D., & Gasse, C. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329171300216x · Cited by 78
“1National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark 2Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK 3Department of Severe Mental Illness, Mental Health Organization North-Holland North, The Netherlands Background.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationHealth Care for Patients with Serious Mental Illness: Family Medicine's Role
Morden, N. E., Mistler, L. A., Weeks, W. B., & Bartels, S. J. (2009) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2009.02.080059 · Cited by 79
Kiviniemi, M., Suvisaari, J., Koivumaa-Honkanen, H. T., Häkkinen, U., Isohanni, M. K., & Hakko, H. H. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.07.043 · Cited by 78
“, 2011), and symptoms of depression increase mortality even further (Laursen et al., 2007).”
Toffol, E., Hätönen, T., Tanskanen, A. J., Lönnqvist, J. K., Wahlbeck, K., Joffe, G., Tiihonen, J., Haukka, J. K., & Partonen, T. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.04.055 · Cited by 75
“In addition to increased suicide mortality and attempted suicide rates, the all-cause mortality is also increased in BPD (Carlborg et al., 2014; Laursen et al., 2007; Laursen et al., 2013; Ösby et al., 2001).”
BackgroundYang, L., Zhao, M., Magnussen, C. G., Veeranki, S. P., & Xi, B. (2020) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2019-213144 · Cited by 73
Cardiovascular diseases among patients with schizophrenia
Azad, M. C., Shoesmith, W. D., Mamun, M. A., Abdullah, A. F., Naing, D. K. S., Phanindranath, M., & Turin, T. C. (2015) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2015.11.012 · Cited by 77
Mania and mortality: Why the excess cardiovascular risk in bipolar disorder?
Murray, D. P., Weiner, M., Prabhakar, M., & Fiedorowicz, J. G. (2009) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-009-0072-3 · Cited by 70
Ribe, A. R., Laursen, T. M., Sandbæk, A., Charles, M., Nordentoft, M., & Vestergaard, M. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291714000634 · Cited by 70
“…rate ratios (MRRs) are high for almost all causes (Laursen et al. 2007; Osborn et al. 2007; Wahlbeck et al. 2011), especially for suicide (Laursen et al. 2007; Nordentoft et al. 2011), but most of the excess mortality is explained by physical disorders (Laursen et al. 2007; Hoang et al. 2011).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationTidemalm, D., Waern, M., Stefansson, C.-G., Elofsson, S., & Runeson, B. (2008) · Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health · doi:10.1186/1745-0179-4-23 · Cited by 68
Enhanced cancer risk among patients with bipolar disorder
Barchana, M., Levav, I., Lipshitz, I., Pugachova, I., Kohn, R., Weizman, A., & Grinshpoon, A. (2007) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.09.003 · Cited by 64
“, diet, smoking, and medications (Carney et al., 2004; Carney and Jones, 2006; Craddock et al., 2006; Krishnan, 2005; Laursen et al., 2007; Lawrence et al., 2000; Osborn et al., 2007; Owen et al., 2007).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAssociation of Oxidative Stress–Induced Nucleic Acid Damage With Psychiatric Disorders in Adults
Jørgensen, A., Baago, I. B., Rygner, Z., Jørgensen, M. B., Andersen, P. K., Kessing, L. V., & Poulsen, H. E. (2022) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.2066 · Cited by 63
Vancampfort, D., Probst, M., Sweers, K., Maurissen, K., Knapen, J., & Binder, M. D. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.11.027 · Cited by 64
“…abuse) (Hennekens et al., 2005; Bobes et al., 2010; Vancampfort et al., 2010), genetic (Mulder et al., 2009; Risselada et al., 2010) and illness related factors (Laursen et al., 2007), as well as effects of antipsychotic treatment (Newcomer, 2005; Scheen and De Hert, 2007; De Hert et al., 2008).”
BackgroundMortality rates of males who commit parricide or other violent offense against a parent.
Liettu, A., Mikkola, L., Säävälä, H., Räsänen, P. K., Joukamaa, M. I., & Hakko, H. H. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 66
Hendrie, H. C., Tu, W., Tabbey, R., Purnell, C. E., Ambuehl, R. J., & Callahan, C. M. (2013) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2012.10.025 · Cited by 68
Pattern of Mortality in a Sample of Maryland Residents with Severe Mental Illness
Daumit, G., Anthony, C. B., Ford, D., Fahey, M., Skinner, E., Lehman, A., Hwang, W., & Steinwachs, D. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.01.006 · Cited by 63
“Persons with chronic mental illness have higher overall mortality rates than the general population, with increased risk for suicide and other accidental deaths (Dembling et al., 1999; Brown et al., 2000; Laursen et al., 2007).”
BackgroundMortality and Its Determinants in People With Psychotic Disorder
Suvisaari, J., Partti, K., Perälä, J., Viertiö, S., Saarni, S. E., Lönnqvist, J. K., Saarni, S. I., & Härkänen, T. (2012) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31827ad512 · Cited by 66
“Previous studies have reported elevated mortality in schizoaffective disorder (3,40), whereas ONAP have been studied much less.”
BackgroundResultConner, K., Bohnert, A., Mccarthy, J., Valenstein, M., Bossarte, R., Ignacio, R., Lu, N., & Ilgen, M. (2013) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0030163 · Cited by 63
Metadata
- Authors
- Laursen, T. M., Munk-Olsen, T., Nordentoft, M., & Mortensen, P. B.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Bispebjerg Hospital (DK)
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc
- Published
- 2007-06-15
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 06
- Pages
- 899-907
- ISSN
- 0160-6689 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2006100396
- Cited by
- 380
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 26.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Lundbeckfonden (R5-2006-227)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Keywords
- excess mortality, severe mental illness, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, first-degree relatives, causes of death, mortality rate ratio
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bipolar Disorder, Cause of Death, Denmark, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Psychotic Disorders, Registries, Schizophrenia, Cohort Studies
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