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Cited by 1,095Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressPhytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesExercise and Physiological Responses

Exogenous Antioxidants—Double‐Edged Swords in Cellular Redox State: Health Beneficial Effects at Physiologic Doses versus Deleterious Effects at High Doses

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Bouayed, Jaouad, Bohn, Torsten·2010·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
DOI 10.4161/oxim.3.4.12858PMC PMC2952083
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Abstract

The balance between oxidation and antioxidation is believed to be critical in maintaining healthy biological systems. Under physiological conditions, the human antioxidative defense system including e.g., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH) and others, allows the elimination of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) including, among others superoxide anions (O 2 .- ), hydroxyl radicals (OH . ), alkoxyl radicals (RO . ) and peroxyradicals (ROO . ). However, our endogenous antioxidant defense systems are incomplete without exogenous originating reducing compounds such as vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids and polyphenols, playing an essential role in many antioxidant mechanisms in living organisms. Therefore, there is continuous demand for exogenous antioxidants in order to prevent oxidative stress, representing a disequilibrium redox state in favor of oxidation. However, high doses of isolated compounds may be toxic, owing to prooxidative effects at high concentrations or their potential to react with beneficial concentrations of ROS normally present at physiological conditions that are required for optimal cellular functioning. This review aims to examine the double‐edged effects of dietary originating antioxidants with a focus on the most abundant compounds, especially polyphenols, vitamin C, vitamin E and carotenoids. Different approaches to enrich our body with exogenous antioxidants such as via synthetic antioxidants, diets rich in fruits and vegetables and taking supplements will be reviewed and experimental and epidemiological evidences discussed, highlighting that antioxidants at physiological doses are generally safe, exhibiting interesting health beneficial effects.

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Authors
Bouayed, J., & Bohn, T.
Affiliations
Centre de recherche public Gabriel-Lippmann (LU)
Corresponding author
Bouayed, Jaouad
ORCID
Venue
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2010-01
Volume
3
Issue
4
Pages
228-237
ISSN
  • 1942-0994 (ISSN-L)
  • 1942-0900
DOI
10.4161/oxim.3.4.12858
PMC
PMC2952083
OpenAlex
W2113313289
Cited by
1,095
References
11
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FWCI
2.22
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
European Commission
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Keywords
exogenous antioxidants, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, pro-oxidant activity, high-dose toxicity, polyphenols, vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, antioxidant supplementation, dietary antioxidants, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, cellular redox state, health benefits
MeSH terms
Antioxidants, Humans, Oxidation-Reduction, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress

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