A review on antioxidants, prooxidants and related controversy: Natural and synthetic compounds, screening and analysis methodologies and future perspectives
Open accessAbstract
Many studies have been conducted with regard to free radicals, oxidative stress and antioxidant activity of food, giving antioxidants a prominent beneficial role, but, recently many authors have questioned their importance, whilst trying to understand the mechanisms behind oxidative stress. Many scientists defend that regardless of the quantity of ingested antioxidants, the absorption is very limited, and that in some cases prooxidants are beneficial to human health. The detection of antioxidant activity as well as specific antioxidant compounds can be carried out with a large number of different assays, all of them with advantages and disadvantages. The controversy around antioxidant in vivo benefits has become intense in the past few decades and the present review tries to shed some light on research on antioxidants (natural and synthetic) and prooxidants, showing the potential benefits and adverse effects of these opposing events, as well as their mechanisms of action and detection methodologies. It also identifies the limitations of antioxidants and provides a perspective on the likely future trends in this field.
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Phenols and especially flavonoids are bioactivity precursors and key contributory factors to the antioxidative potential of plants.
“The high phenolic content can be reflective of the observed antioxidant activity, especially because phenols and especially flavonoids are bioactivity precursors [73–75] and key contributory factors to the antioxidative potential of plants [76, 77].”
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- Authors
- Carocho, M., & Ferreira, I. C. F. R.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Politécnica de Bragança (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.
- Venue
- Food and Chemical Toxicology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-01
- Volume
- 51
- Pages
- 15-25
- ISSN
- 0278-6915 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2020621217
- Cited by
- 1,661
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 55 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 108 · 2023: 133 · 2022: 148 · 2021: 149 · 2020: 162 · 2019: 165 · 2018: 142 · 2017: 157 · 2016: 116 · 2015: 121 · 2014: 86 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 8.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Food and Chemical Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Free Radicals and Antioxidants
- Keywords
- antioxidants, pro-oxidants, oxidative stress, free radicals, antioxidant activity assay, natural antioxidants, synthetic antioxidants, dietary antioxidants, mechanism of action
- MeSH terms
- Antioxidants, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Enzymes, Food, Free Radicals, Humans, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress
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