Alterations in Neural Processing and Psychopathology in Children Raised in Institutions
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CONTEXT: Young children raised in institutional settings experience severe deprivation in social, emotional, and cognitive stimulation. Although this deprivation is likely to disrupt brain development in ways that increase the risk for psychopathology, neurodevelopmental mechanisms linking adverse early environments to psychopathology remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether abnormalities in the neural processing of facial and emotional stimuli are related to the high rates of psychopathology observed among institutionally reared children. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Data were drawn from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project, a cohort of children raised in institutions in Romania and an age-matched sample of community control subjects. At entry to the study (mean age, 22 months), event-related potentials were used to measure neural processing in 2 tasks: familiar and unfamiliar faces (n=114) and facial displays of emotion (n=74). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Psychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment among children aged 54 months. RESULTS: As previously reported, institutionally reared children had elevated symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, depression, and disruptive behavior compared with control children, and peak amplitudes of the P100 and P700 in response to facial stimuli were blunted among institutionalized children compared with community children in both tasks. Current analyses reveal that children with reduced P100 and P700 amplitudes in response to facial stimuli exhibited higher levels of ADHD and anxiety symptoms. Peak amplitude of the P700 in response to facial stimuli significantly mediated the association between institutional rearing and ADHD symptoms at 54 months. CONCLUSION: Exposure to institutional rearing disrupts the P700, conferring risk for the onset of psychopathology. The high levels of ADHD symptoms among children exposed to early life deprivation may be attributable, in part, to abnormal patterns of neurodevelopment generated by these adverse rearing environments.
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Peak amplitude of the P700 to faces mediated the association between exposure to institutional care and symptoms of ADHD at age 54 months.
“Peak amplitude of the P700 to faces mediated the association between exposure to institutional care and symptoms of ADHD at age 54 months (Slopen et al, 2012).”
From Deviations from the expectable environment in early childhood and emerging psychopathology (2015) · cites this paper as Slopen et al, 2012
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- Authors
- Slopen, N., McLaughlin, K. A., Fox, N. A., Zeanah, C. H., & Nelson, C. A.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Tulane University (US)
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2012-10-01
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1022-30
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3513656
- OpenAlex
- W2126348025
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 10.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-092526, R01MH091363, K01MH092526)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- institutional upbringing, face processing, emotional face processing, event-related potentials, P700, P100, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, disruptive behavior, depression, psychopathology, Bucharest Early Intervention Project, brain development
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Child Development, Child, Institutionalized, Child, Preschool, Electroencephalography, Emotions, Evoked Potentials, Face, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Romania, Cohort Studies, Recognition, Psychology
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