Effects of early intervention on EEG power and coherence in previously institutionalized children in Romania
Open accessAbstract
Two groups of Romanian children were compared on spectral power and coherence in the electroencephalogram (EEG) in early childhood. One group consisted of previously institutionalized children who had been randomly assigned to a foster care intervention at a mean age of 23 months. The second group had been randomized to remain in institutional care. Because of a policy of noninterference, a number of these children also experienced placement into alternative family care environments. There were minimal group differences between the foster care and institutionalized groups in EEG power and coherence across all measured frequency bands at 42 months of age. However, age at foster care placement within the foster care group was correlated with certain measures of EEG power and coherence. Earlier age at foster care placement was associated with increased alpha power and decreased short-distance EEG coherence. Further analyses separating age at placement from duration of intervention suggest that this effect may be more robust for EEG coherence than EEG band power. Supplementary analyses examined whether the EEG measures mediated changes in intellectual abilities within the foster care children, but no clear evidence of mediation was observed.
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At the 42 month assessment, earlier placement into foster care was beneficial, as infants placed at younger ages showed increasing alpha power relative to older placed infants.
“At the 42 month assessment there was a hint that earlier placement into foster care was beneficial, as infants placed at younger ages showed increasing alpha power relative to older placed infants”
From Normalization of EEG activity among previously institutionalized children placed into foster care: A 12-year follow-up of the Bucharest Early Intervention Project (2016) · cites this paper as Marshall et al., 2008
At 42 months, no EEG power differences were found between the FCG and CAUG.
“At 42 months, although no EEG power differences were found between the FCG and CAUG, children placed into foster care earlier (vs. later) showed neural activity patterns more similar to those observed in NIG children (Marshall et al., 2008)”
From Resting brain activity in early childhood predicts IQ at 18 years (2023) · cites this paper as Marshall et al., 2008
Higher resting alpha power at 42 months was associated with higher concurrent cognitive functioning among children in the FCG.
“Past BEIP research has found that higher resting alpha power at 42 months was associated with higher concurrent cognitive functioning among children in the FCG (Marshall et al., 2008)”
From Resting brain activity in early childhood predicts IQ at 18 years (2023) · cites this paper as Marshall et al., 2008
Children placed into foster care earlier (vs. later) showed neural activity patterns more similar to those observed in NIG children.
“children placed into foster care earlier (vs. later) showed neural activity patterns more similar to those observed in NIG children (Marshall et al., 2008)”
From Resting brain activity in early childhood predicts IQ at 18 years (2023) · cites this paper as Marshall et al., 2008
Group differences in cognitive and neural functioning observed at 42 months reflect downstream effects from earlier periods.
“suggesting that group differences in cognitive and neural functioning observed at 42 months (Marshall et al., 2008, Nelson et al., 2007) reflect downstream effects from earlier periods.”
From Resting brain activity in early childhood predicts IQ at 18 years (2023) · cites this paper as Marshall et al., 2008
Institutional rearing appears to result in reduced electrical activity in higher frequencies and increased electrical activities in lower frequencies, but for children placed with families before 24 months, normalization of brain functioning has been demonstrated.
“Institutional rearing appears to result in reduced electrical activity in higher frequencies and increased electrical activities in lower frequencies (Marshall et al, 2004(Marshall et al, , 2008;;Tarullo et al, 2011), but for children placed with families before 24 months, Vanderwert et al (2010) demonstrated normalization of brain functioning.”
From Deviations from the expectable environment in early childhood and emerging psychopathology (2015) · cites this paper as Marshall et al, 2008
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- Authors
- Marshall, P. J., Reeb, B. C., Fox, N. A., Nelson, C. A., & Zeanah, C. H.
- Affiliations
- Temple University (US)
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Tulane University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Marshall, Peter J.
- Venue
- Development and Psychopathology
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2008
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 861-880
- ISSN
- 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-2198
- PMC
- PMC3518069
- OpenAlex
- W2123963479
- Cited by
- 175
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 34.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH091363)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
- Keywords
- early intervention, foster care, institutionalized children, Romanian orphans, EEG spectral power, EEG coherence, alpha power, intellectual ability, early childhood
- MeSH terms
- Alpha Rhythm, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Dominance, Cerebral, Electroencephalography, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Foster Home Care, Fourier Analysis, Humans, Infant, Institutionalization, Intelligence, Male, Romania, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Early Intervention, Educational
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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