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Prevalence of Childhood and Adult Obesity in the United States, 2011-2012
Open accessAbstract
IMPORTANCE: More than one-third of adults and 17% of youth in the United States are obese, although the prevalence remained stable between 2003-2004 and 2009-2010. OBJECTIVE: To provide the most recent national estimates of childhood obesity, analyze trends in childhood obesity between 2003 and 2012, and provide detailed obesity trend analyses among adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Weight and height or recumbent length were measured in 9120 participants in the 2011-2012 nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: In infants and toddlers from birth to 2 years, high weight for recumbent length was defined as weight for length at or above the 95th percentile of the sex-specific Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts. In children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years, obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 95th percentile of the sex-specific CDC BMI-for-age growth charts. In adults, obesity was defined as a BMI greater than or equal to 30. Analyses of trends in high weight for recumbent length or obesity prevalence were conducted overall and separately by age across 5 periods (2003-2004, 2005-2006, 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2011-2012). RESULTS: In 2011-2012, 8.1% (95% CI, 5.8%-11.1%) of infants and toddlers had high weight for recumbent length, and 16.9% (95% CI, 14.9%-19.2%) of 2- to 19-year-olds and 34.9% (95% CI, 32.0%-37.9%) of adults (age-adjusted) aged 20 years or older were obese. Overall, there was no significant change from 2003-2004 through 2011-2012 in high weight for recumbent length among infants and toddlers, obesity in 2- to 19-year-olds, or obesity in adults. Tests for an interaction between survey period and age found an interaction in children (P = .03) and women (P = .02). There was a significant decrease in obesity among 2- to 5-year-old children (from 13.9% to 8.4%; P = .03) and a significant increase in obesity among women aged 60 years and older (from 31.5% to 38.1%; P = .006). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Overall, there have been no significant changes in obesity prevalence in youth or adults between 2003-2004 and 2011-2012. Obesity prevalence remains high and thus it is important to continue surveillance.
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“Despite improvements in medical care and in disease prevention, health disparities persist and may be increasing for chronic conditions such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.1, 2”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Kit, B. K., & Flegal, K. M.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ogden, Cynthia L.
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2014-02-26
- Volume
- 311
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 806
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC4770258
- OpenAlex
- W2107832644
- Cited by
- 8,072
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 51 · 2025: 90 · 2024: 155 · 2023: 216 · 2022: 284 · 2021: 326 · 2020: 471 · 2019: 624 · 2018: 914 · 2017: 1299 · 2016: 1741 · 2015: 1400 · 2014: 482
- FWCI
- 1633.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (CC999999)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity and Health Practices
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Keywords
- childhood obesity, adult obesity, obesity prevalence, obesity trends, infants and toddlers, body mass index, NHANES, CDC growth charts
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Body Weight, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Nutrition Surveys, Obesity, United States, Body Mass Index, Prevalence, Sex Distribution, Pediatric Obesity
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