The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Efficacy of Liraglutide for Weight Loss Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The SCALE Diabetes Randomized Clinical Trial
Open accessAbstract
IMPORTANCE: Weight loss of 5% to 10% can improve type 2 diabetes and related comorbidities. Few safe, effective weight-management drugs are currently available. OBJECTIVE: To investigate efficacy and safety of liraglutide vs placebo for weight management in adults with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-six-week randomized (2:1:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial with 12-week observational off-drug follow-up period. The study was conducted at 126 sites in 9 countries between June 2011 and January 2013. Of 1361 participants assessed for eligibility, 846 were randomized. Inclusion criteria were body mass index of 27.0 or greater, age 18 years or older, taking 0 to 3 oral hypoglycemic agents (metformin, thiazolidinedione, sulfonylurea) with stable body weight, and glycated hemoglobin level 7.0% to 10.0%. INTERVENTIONS: Once-daily, subcutaneous liraglutide (3.0 mg) (n = 423), liraglutide (1.8 mg) (n = 211), or placebo (n = 212), all as adjunct to 500 kcal/d dietary deficit and increased physical activity (≥150 min/wk). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Three coprimary end points: relative change in weight, proportion of participants losing 5% or more, or more than 10%, of baseline weight at week 56. RESULTS: Baseline weight was 105.7 kg with liraglutide (3.0-mg dose), 105.8 kg with liraglutide (1.8-mg dose), and 106.5 kg with placebo. Weight loss was 6.0% (6.4 kg) with liraglutide (3.0-mg dose), 4.7% (5.0 kg) with liraglutide (1.8-mg dose), and 2.0% (2.2 kg) with placebo (estimated difference for liraglutide [3.0 mg] vs placebo, -4.00% [95% CI, -5.10% to -2.90%]; liraglutide [1.8 mg] vs placebo, -2.71% [95% CI, -4.00% to -1.42%]; P < .001 for both). Weight loss of 5% or greater occurred in 54.3% with liraglutide (3.0 mg) and 40.4% with liraglutide (1.8 mg) vs 21.4% with placebo (estimated difference for liraglutide [3.0 mg] vs placebo, 32.9% [95% CI, 24.6% to 41.2%]; for liraglutide [1.8 mg] vs placebo, 19.0% [95% CI, 9.1% to 28.8%]; P < .001 for both). Weight loss greater than 10% occurred in 25.2% with liraglutide (3.0 mg) and 15.9% with liraglutide (1.8 mg) vs 6.7% with placebo (estimated difference for liraglutide [3.0 mg] vs placebo, 18.5% [95% CI, 12.7% to 24.4%], P < .001; for liraglutide [1.8 mg] vs placebo, 9.3% [95% CI, 2.7% to 15.8%], P = .006). More gastrointestinal disorders were reported with liraglutide (3.0 mg) vs liraglutide (1.8 mg) and placebo. No pancreatitis was reported. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among overweight and obese participants with type 2 diabetes, use of subcutaneous liraglutide (3.0 mg) daily, compared with placebo, resulted in weight loss over 56 weeks. Further studies are needed to evaluate longer-term efficacy and safety. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT01272232.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The addition of weight-loss medications has been shown to achieve significantly more weight loss than lifestyle interventions alone and produce greater A1C lowering and improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors.”
From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [737]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“All FDAdapproved medications for chronic weight management have also been demonstrated to be effective and safe in both RCTs and a meta-analysis involving persons with T2D.735–742”
From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [737]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The study’s weight-loss medication arms consistently resulted in: (1) greater weight loss than lifestyle alone, (2) lower A1C values despite less need for DM medications, (3) reductions in BP, (4) lower triglycerides and higher HDL-C, (5) decreased levels of hepatic transaminases, and (6) improvements in inflammatory and other biomarkers such as CRP, fibrinogen, and adiponectin, when compared to”
From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [737]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“There were more episodes of gallstone disease with liraglutide, a finding that has been reported previously.”
From Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes (2016) · cites this paper as [26]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“after following this regimen for 12 weeks, average weight loss stood at 4.7% of initial body mass (−5 kg as an absolute value) and increased to 6% (−6.4 kg as an absolute value) when administered doses rose from 1.8 to 3 mg respectively, compared against a mere loss of about 2.2% body mass (which equates to −2.2 kg actual value) among those on placebo.”
From Anti-inflammatory role of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and its clinical implications (2024) · cites this paper as [89]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The current study includes patients with T2D that have been shown to lose less weight with GLP1-RA therapy [29, 30, 32, 33]”
From Efficacy of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Liraglutide and Semaglutide for the Treatment of Weight Regain After Bariatric surgery: a Retrospective Observational Study (2023) · cites this paper as [30]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although most patients taking a GLP-1 RA achieve clinically meaningful weight loss, heterogeneity in response exists.3,4,5,6,7,12”
From Discontinuation and Reinitiation of Dual-Labeled GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Among US Adults With Overweight or Obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Of the currently available agents, tirzepatide and semaglutide have the highest efficacy in terms of glucose lowering as well as weight loss, followed by dulaglutide, liraglutide, and extendedrelease exenatide (157-161).”
From 9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [160]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Liraglutide 3.0 mg achieved ~ 6.0% Weight loss and 1.3% Hba1c reductions in the SCALE Diabetes trial [33].”
From Precision obesity medicine: A phenotype-guided framework for pharmacologic therapy across the lifespan (2025) · cites this paper as [33]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Although glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) substantially lower weight,3,4,5,6,7 hemoglobin A1c levels, and cardiovascular risk,8 trials suggest they must be continued for sustained effects.9,10”
From Discontinuation and Reinitiation of Dual-Labeled GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Among US Adults With Overweight or Obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“More than 70% of patients in clinical trials of GLP-1 RAs reported adverse events, most often gastrointestinal (GI), that were mild.3,4,5,6,7”
From Discontinuation and Reinitiation of Dual-Labeled GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Among US Adults With Overweight or Obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Although most patients taking a GLP-1 RA achieve clinically meaningful weight loss, heterogeneity in response exists.3,4,5,6,7,12”
From Discontinuation and Reinitiation of Dual-Labeled GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Among US Adults With Overweight or Obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“and has been shown to be effective in those with T2D.735–737,739”
From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [737]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“At the end of the 56-week study period, a significant weight loss also but a decreased urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) was observed in both liraglutide arms compared with placebo (18.36, 10.79 and 2.34%, respectively).”
From GLP-1 receptor agonists and renal outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and diabetic kidney disease: state of the art (2022) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“In both trials the difference in mean weight loss between the liraglutide and placebo-treated groups was < 5% after 1 year of treatment, but the proportion of subjects who lost ≥ 5% of baseline body weight in the liraglutide group was > 35%, from 51.8 to 54.3% [20, 21].”
From Efficacy of GLP-1 RA Approved for Weight Management in Patients With or Without Diabetes: A Narrative Review (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“While some patients with diabetes achieved ≥ 5 or 10% with placebo, higher levels of ≥ 15% in patients with diabetes were achieved almost exclusively with those who received liraglutide or semaglutide and not by those on placebo [20–22].”
From Efficacy of GLP-1 RA Approved for Weight Management in Patients With or Without Diabetes: A Narrative Review (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“In patients with diabetes, both efficacy benchmarks were achieved by semaglutide [22], while the efficacy of liraglutide did not meet the criteria in mean difference between active product vs. placebo [20, 21].”
From Efficacy of GLP-1 RA Approved for Weight Management in Patients With or Without Diabetes: A Narrative Review (2022) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“Notably, non‐diabetic patients demonstrated greater weight loss (−8.5%) compared to diabetic patients (−4.87%), a finding consistent with previous GLP‐1 agonist studies [29, 30, 31, 32].”
From Efficacy and Safety of Orforglipron in Obese Adults With or Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“Naltrexone plus bupropion extended-release reduces weight on average by ≈7% (≈5% placebo-subtracted) [51][52][53][54] and also more than either agent administered alone.55”
From Approach to Obesity Treatment in Primary Care: A Review (2024) · cites this paper as [55]
In the citing paper
“a 56-week intervention with liraglutide 3 mg/day as an adjunct to lifestyle modification resulted in significant weight loss compared with placebo [41, 42].”
From GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Obesity Management in Older Adults: A Scoping Review on the Risk of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity (2026) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Similar attenuation in weight loss in patients with vs without type 2 diabetes has been observed with other AOM, including orlistat,(44) naltrexone-bupropion,(45) and liraglutide 3.0 mg,(46) as well as with some behavioral interventions.(47, 48)”
From Semaglutide for the treatment of obesity (2023) · cites this paper as [46]
In the citing paper
“In the SCALE diabetes study, a total body weight loss of 6.0% was seen in patients with T2D randomized to liraglutide (3.0 mg, daily subcutaneous injection) versus 2.0% with placebo after 56 weeks of treatment [30].”
In the citing paper
“The magnitude of weight loss observed with GLP1-RA in this real-life patient population is consistent with findings from the SCALE, SUSTAIN, and STEP clinical trials, which are based on patients without bariatric surgery.”
In the citing paper
“previous studies have shown that GLP1-RAs tend to induce less weight loss in patients with than without T2D [29, 30, 32, 33]”
In the citing paper
“Intention-to-treat 1-year placebo-subtracted weight reduction was 5.2%, 4%, 3.4%, and 6.1% for SCALE, SCALE Diabetes, SCALE IBT, and SCALE Maintenance, respectively.”
From New Frontiers in Obesity Treatment: GLP-1 and Nascent Nutrient-Stimulated Hormone-Based Therapeutics (2023) · cites this paper as [25]
In the citing paper
“Liraglutide also significantly improved treatment satisfaction vs. placebo (Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire) [42] (p = 0.007 for the 3 mg dose group).”
From Symptomatic Adverse Events and Quality of Life Related to Incretin-Based Medicines for Obesity: A Systematic Review Involving >400,000 Subjects (2025) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“The proportion of patients experiencing nausea then gradually decreased up to the end of the trial period [42,67,81,95].”
From Symptomatic Adverse Events and Quality of Life Related to Incretin-Based Medicines for Obesity: A Systematic Review Involving >400,000 Subjects (2025) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“In the SCALE clinical studies (liraglutide), most AEs were mild or moderate in severity, and occurred primarily within the first four to eight weeks of treatment (during dose escalation).”
From Symptomatic Adverse Events and Quality of Life Related to Incretin-Based Medicines for Obesity: A Systematic Review Involving >400,000 Subjects (2025) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Based on a single study, treatment satisfaction with IBTs was high [42].”
From Symptomatic Adverse Events and Quality of Life Related to Incretin-Based Medicines for Obesity: A Systematic Review Involving >400,000 Subjects (2025) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“the data from SCALE trials reported similar but slightly pronounced weight loss ranging from 5.7% to 8% (31, 32, 33).”
From Effects of liraglutide on obesity-associated functional hypogonadism in men (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
American Diabetes Association (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-s062 · Cited by 14,094
Guh, D. P., Zhang, W., Bansback, N., Amarsi, Z., Birmingham, C. L., & Anis, A. H. (2009) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-88 · Cited by 3,855
Global burden of obesity in 2005 and projections to 2030
Kelly, T., Yang, W., Chen, C.-S., Reynolds, K., & He, J. (2008) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.102 · Cited by 3,319
A Randomized, Controlled Trial of 3.0 mg of Liraglutide in Weight Management
Pi-Sunyer, X., Astrup, A., Fujioka, K., Greenway, F., Halpern, A., Krempf, M., Lau, D. C. W., le Roux, C. W., Violante Ortiz, R., Jensen, C. B., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1411892 · Cited by 2,724
Self-citationMedical Consequences of Obesity
Bray, G. A. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-0535 · Cited by 1,614
Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
American Diabetes Association (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-s064 · Cited by 1,539
Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptations to weight loss
Sumithran, P., Prendergast, L. A., Delbridge, E., Purcell, K., Shulkes, A., Kriketos, A., & Proietto, J. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1105816 · Cited by 1,449
Sjöström, L., Rissanen, A., Andersen, T., Boldrin, M., Golay, A., Koppeschaar, H. P., & Krempf, M. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)11509-4 · Cited by 1,237
Astrup, A., Rössner, S., Van Gaal, L., Rissanen, A., Niskanen, L., Al Hakim, M., Madsen, J., Rasmussen, M. F., & Lean, M. E. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61375-1 · Cited by 1,163
Multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of lorcaserin for weight management.
Smith, S. R., Weissman, N. J., Anderson, C. M., Sanchez, M., Chuang, E., Stubbe, S., Bays, H., & Shanahan, W. R. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0909809 · Cited by 911
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [1]1. American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Obesity Society, American Society of Bariatric Physicians, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Joint Press Release: Obesity Is a Disease: Leading Obesity Groups Agree. PRNewswire website. http://www.prnewswire.com /news-releases/obesity-is-a-disease-leading -obesity-groups-agree-212194851.html. 2013. Accessed June 4, 2015.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes
Marso, S. P., Daniels, G. H., Brown-Frandsen, K., Kristensen, P., Mann, J. F. E., Nauck, M. A., Nissen, S. E., Pocock, S., Poulter, N. R., Ravn, L. S., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1603827 · Cited by 7,629
Self-citationDavies, M. J., D’Alessio, D. A., Fradkin, J., Kernan, W. N., Mathieu, C., Mingrone, G., Rossing, P., Tsapas, A., Wexler, D. J., & Buse, J. B. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci18-0033 · Cited by 3,518
Self-citationGarvey, W. T., Mechanick, J. I., Brett, E. M., Garber, A. J., Hurley, D. L., Jastreboff, A. M., Nadolsky, K., Pessah-Pollack, R., & Plodkowski, R. (2016) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep161365.gl · Cited by 1,914
Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Management of Obesity
Heymsfield, S. B., & Wadden, T. A. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1514009 · Cited by 1,867
GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes - state-of-the-art
Nauck, M. A., Quast, D. R., Wefers, J., & Meier, J. J. (2021) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101102 · Cited by 1,647
“Some data suggest that while HbA1c reduction plateaus at relatively lower doses, higher doses may still be more effective for weight loss [69,70].”
BackgroundDavies, M. J., D’Alessio, D. A., Fradkin, J., Kernan, W. N., Mathieu, C., Mingrone, G., Rossing, P., Tsapas, A., Wexler, D. J., & Buse, J. B. (2018) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-018-4729-5 · Cited by 1,455
Self-citationDavies, M., Færch, L., Jeppesen, O. K., Pakseresht, A., Pedersen, S. D., Perreault, L., Rosenstock, J., Shimomura, I., Viljoen, A., Wadden, T. A., et al. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00213-0 · Cited by 1,419
Self-citationBray, G. A., Frühbeck, G., Ryan, D. H., & Wilding, J. P. H. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)00271-3 · Cited by 1,036
The Discovery and Development of Liraglutide and Semaglutide
Knudsen, L. B., & Lau, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00155 · Cited by 970
Khera, R., Murad, M. H., Chandar, A. K., Dulai, P. S., Wang, Z., Prokop, L. J., Loomba, R., Camilleri, M., & Singh, S. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.7602 · Cited by 865
le Roux, C. W., Astrup, A., Fujioka, K., Greenway, F., Lau, D. C. W., Van Gaal, L., Ortiz, R. V., Wilding, J. P. H., Skjøth, T. V., Manning, L. S., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30069-7 · Cited by 850
Self-citationGarvey, W. T., Frias, J. P., Jastreboff, A. M., le Roux, C. W., Sattar, N., Aizenberg, D., Mao, H., Zhang, S., Ahmad, N. N., Bunck, M. C., et al. (2023) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01200-x · Cited by 792
Self-citationContemporary medical, device, and surgical therapies for obesity in adults
Perdomo, C. M., Cohen, R. V., Sumithran, P., Clément, K., & Frühbeck, G. (2023) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)02403-5 · Cited by 738
9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., McCoy, R. G., Aleppo, G., Bajaj, M., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., Bruemmer, D., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-s009 · Cited by 728
Obesity management as a primary treatment goal for type 2 diabetes: time to reframe the conversation
Lingvay, I., Sumithran, P., Cohen, R. V., & le Roux, C. W. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01919-x · Cited by 581
SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists: established and emerging indications
Brown, E., Heerspink, H. J. L., Cuthbertson, D. J., & Wilding, J. P. H. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00536-5 · Cited by 581
Glucagon-like peptide 1 in health and disease
Andersen, A., Lund, A., Knop, F. K., & Vilsbøll, T. (2018) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-018-0016-2 · Cited by 543
GLP-1 physiology informs the pharmacotherapy of obesity
Drucker, D. J. (2022) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101351 · Cited by 510
Blonde, L., Umpierrez, G. E., Reddy, S. S., McGill, J. B., Berga, S. L., Bush, M., Chandrasekaran, S., DeFronzo, R. A., Einhorn, D., Galindo, R. J., et al. (2022) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2022.08.002 · Cited by 507
Self-citationPharmacotherapy of obesity: an update on the available medications and drugs under investigation
Chakhtoura, M., Haber, R., Ghezzawi, M., Rhayem, C., Tcheroyan, R., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2023) · eClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101882 · Cited by 462
Lingvay, I., Cohen, R. V., Roux, C. W. L., & Sumithran, P. (2024) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01210-8 · Cited by 433
GLP-1 and the kidney: from physiology to pharmacology and outcomes in diabetes
Muskiet, M. H. A., Tonneijck, L., Smits, M. M., van Baar, M. J. B., Kramer, M. H. H., Hoorn, E. J., Joles, J. A., & van Raalte, D. H. (2017) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/nrneph.2017.123 · Cited by 407
Obesity, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and Infertility: A New Avenue for GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Cena, H., Chiovato, L., & Nappi, R. E. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa285 · Cited by 356
Progress and challenges in anti-obesity pharmacotherapy
Bessesen, D. H., & Van Gaal, L. F. (2018) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30236-x · Cited by 347
Rodriguez, P. J., Zhang, V., Gratzl, S., Do, D., Goodwin Cartwright, B., Baker, C., Gluckman, T. J., Stucky, N., & Emanuel, E. J. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.57349 · Cited by 374
Anti-inflammatory role of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and its clinical implications
Alharbi, S. H. (2024) · Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1177/20420188231222367 · Cited by 358
Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Anti-Obesity Treatment: Where Do We Stand?
Tak, Y. J., & Lee, S. Y. (2021) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-020-00422-w · Cited by 343
AGA Clinical Practice Guideline on Pharmacological Interventions for Adults With Obesity
Grunvald, E., Shah, R., Hernaez, R., Chandar, A. K., Pickett-Blakely, O., Teigen, L. M., Harindhanavudhi, T., Sultan, S., Singh, S., & Davitkov, P. (2022) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2022.08.045 · Cited by 347
Gorgojo-Martínez, J. J., Mezquita-Raya, P., Carretero-Gómez, J., Castro, A., Cebrián-Cuenca, A., de Torres-Sánchez, A., García-de-Lucas, M. D., Núñez, J., Obaya, J. C., Soler, M. J., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12010145 · Cited by 358
Frias, J. P., Bastyr, E. J., Vignati, L., Tschöp, M. H., Schmitt, C., Owen, K., Christensen, R. H., & DiMarchi, R. D. (2017) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.07.011 · Cited by 321
Nahra, R., Wang, T., Gadde, K. M., Oscarsson, J., Stumvoll, M., Jermutus, L., Hirshberg, B., & Ambery, P. (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-2151 · Cited by 323
Liraglutide for weight management: a critical review of the evidence
Mehta, A., Marso, S. P., & Neeland, I. J. (2017) · Obesity Science & Practice · doi:10.1002/osp4.84 · Cited by 311
Obesity and cardiovascular disease: An ESC clinical consensus statement
Koskinas, K. C., Van Craenenbroeck, E. M., Antoniades, C., Blüher, M., Gorter, T. M., Hanssen, H., Marx, N., McDonagh, T. A., Mingrone, G., Rosengren, A., et al. (2024) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehae508 · Cited by 313
Ambery, P., Parker, V. E., Stumvoll, M., Posch, M. G., Heise, T., Plum-Moerschel, L., Tsai, L.-F., Robertson, D., Jain, M., Petrone, M., et al. (2018) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30726-8 · Cited by 298
Ard, J., Fitch, A., Fruh, S., & Herman, L. (2021) · Advances in Therapy · doi:10.1007/s12325-021-01710-0 · Cited by 297
Semaglutide 2.4 mg for the treatment of obesity: key elements of the STEP trials 1 to 5
Kushner, R. F., Calanna, S., Davies, M., Dicker, D., Garvey, W. T., Goldman, B., Lingvay, I., Thomsen, M., Wadden, T. A., Wharton, S., et al. (2020) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22794 · Cited by 288
Self-citationNevola, R., Epifani, R., Imbriani, S., Tortorella, G., Aprea, C., Galiero, R., Rinaldi, L., Marfella, R., & Sasso, F. C. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24021703 · Cited by 286
Hudgel, D. W., Patel, S. R., Ahasic, A. M., Bartlett, S. J., Bessesen, D. H., Coaker, M. A., Fiander, P. M., Grunstein, R. R., Gurubhagavatula, I., Kapur, V. K., et al. (2018) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201807-1326st · Cited by 266
Semaglutide for the treatment of overweight and obesity: A review
Bergmann, N. C., Davies, M. J., Lingvay, I., & Knop, F. K. (2023) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14863 · Cited by 265
Self-citationAroda, V. R. (2018) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.13162 · Cited by 253
Medications for Obesity: A Review
Gudzune, K. A., & Kushner, R. F. (2024) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2024.10816 · Cited by 263
Self-citationPharmacotherapy of obesity: available medications and drugs under investigation.
Pilitsi, E., Farr, O. M., Polyzos, S. A., Perakakis, N., Nolen-Doerr, E., Papathanasiou, A.-E., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2019) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2018.10.010 · Cited by 248
Mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications of GLP-1 and dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists
Liu, Q. K. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1431292 · Cited by 265
ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D., Johnson, E. L., et al. (2023) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-s008 · Cited by 244
Role of the vagus nerve in the development and treatment of diet‐induced obesity
de Lartigue, G. (2016) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp271538 · Cited by 238
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., McCoy, R. G., Aleppo, G., Balapattabi, K., Beverly, E. A., Briggs Early, K., Bruemmer, D., Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B., Ekhlaspour, L., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-s008 · Cited by 236
Self-citationFuture Pharmacotherapy for Obesity: New Anti-obesity Drugs on the Horizon
Srivastava, G., & Apovian, C. (2018) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-018-0300-4 · Cited by 232
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-s008 · Cited by 244
Semaglutide for the treatment of obesity
Chao, A. M., Tronieri, J. S., Amaro, A., & Wadden, T. A. (2023) · Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2021.12.008 · Cited by 227
Jensterle, M., Rizzo, M., Haluzík, M., & Janež, A. (2022) · Advances in Therapy · doi:10.1007/s12325-022-02153-x · Cited by 215
Frias, J. P., Nauck, M. A., Van, J., Benson, C., Bray, R., Cui, X., Milicevic, Z., Urva, S., Haupt, A., & Robins, D. A. (2020) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.13979 · Cited by 208
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Bannuru, R. R., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Ekhlaspour, L., Hilliard, M. E., Johnson, E. L., Khunti, K., et al. (2024) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc24-s008 · Cited by 213
Self-citationNeeland, I. J., Marso, S. P., Ayers, C. R., Lewis, B., Oslica, R., Francis, W., Rodder, S., Pandey, A., & Joshi, P. H. (2021) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(21)00179-0 · Cited by 202
Wadden, T. A., Tronieri, J. S., Sugimoto, D., Lund, M. T., Auerbach, P., Jensen, C., & Rubino, D. (2020) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22726 · Cited by 200
Self-citationWharton, S., Calanna, S., Davies, M., Dicker, D., Goldman, B., Lingvay, I., Mosenzon, O., Rubino, D. M., Thomsen, M., Wadden, T. A., et al. (2022) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.14551 · Cited by 200
“0 mg, another GLP-1RA, approved for treatment of overweight or obesity, can also result in mild-or-moderate GI AEs of a nature similar to those reported in the STEP trials, primarily during initial dose escalation.(33-37)”
ResultSelf-citationObesity in South and Southeast Asia—A new consensus on care and management
Tham, K. W., Abdul Ghani, R., Cua, S. C., Deerochanawong, C., Fojas, M., Hocking, S., Lee, J., Nam, T. Q., Pathan, F., Saboo, B., et al. (2023) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13520 · Cited by 187
Garvey, W. T., Birkenfeld, A. L., Dicker, D., Mingrone, G., Pedersen, S. D., Satylganova, A., Skovgaard, D., Sugimoto, D., Jensen, C., & Mosenzon, O. (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-1745 · Cited by 186
Self-citationSvane, M. S., Jørgensen, N. B., Bojsen-Møller, K. N., Dirksen, C., Nielsen, S., Kristiansen, V. B., Toräng, S., Wewer Albrechtsen, N. J., Rehfeld, J. F., Hartmann, B., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2016.121 · Cited by 185
Anti-diabetic drugs and weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes
Lazzaroni, E., Ben Nasr, M., Loretelli, C., Pastore, I., Plebani, L., Lunati, M. E., Vallone, L., Bolla, A. M., Rossi, A., Montefusco, L., et al. (2021) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105782 · Cited by 182
Cai, X., Yang, W., Gao, X., Chen, Y., Zhou, L., Zhang, S., Han, X., & Ji, L. (2018) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22066 · Cited by 181
Mok, J., Adeleke, M. O., Brown, A., Magee, C. G., Firman, C., Makahamadze, C., Jassil, F. C., Marvasti, P., Carnemolla, A., Devalia, K., et al. (2023) · JAMA Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2023.2930 · Cited by 178
Elkind-Hirsch, K. E., Chappell, N., Shaler, D., Storment, J., & Bellanger, D. (2022) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.04.027 · Cited by 182
Addressing obesity in aging patients
Batsis, J. A., & Zagaria, A. B. (2018) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2017.08.007 · Cited by 167
Jensen, A. B., Renström, F., Aczél, S., Folie, P., Biraima-Steinemann, M., Beuschlein, F., & Bilz, S. (2023) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-023-06484-8 · Cited by 161
American Diabetes Association (2021) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc21-s008 · Cited by 158
New Frontiers in Obesity Treatment: GLP-1 and Nascent Nutrient-Stimulated Hormone-Based Therapeutics
Jastreboff, A. M., & Kushner, R. F. (2023) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev-med-043021-014919 · Cited by 158
Self-citationWest, S., Scragg, J., Aveyard, P., Oke, J. L., Willis, L., Haffner, S. J. P., Knight, H., Wang, D., Morrow, S., Heath, L., et al. (2026) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj-2025-085304 · Cited by 174
New insights into the treatment of obesity
Blüher, M., Aras, M., Aronne, L. J., Batterham, R. L., Giorgino, F., Ji, L., Pietiläinen, K. H., Schnell, O., Tonchevska, E., & Wilding, J. P. H. (2023) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15077 · Cited by 158
Centrally Acting Agents for Obesity: Past, Present, and Future
Coulter, A. A., Rebello, C. J., & Greenway, F. L. (2018) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-018-0946-y · Cited by 151
Kornelius, E., Huang, J.-Y., Lo, S.-C., Huang, C.-N., & Yang, Y.-S. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-75965-2 · Cited by 143
Long-Term Weight Loss Strategies for Obesity
Kheniser, K., Saxon, D. R., & Kashyap, S. R. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab091 · Cited by 139
Efficacy and Safety of Tirzepatide in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity Management
Sinha, R., Papamargaritis, D., Sargeant, J. A., & Davies, M. J. (2023) · Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.7570/jomes22067 · Cited by 138
Self-citationFujioka, K., O'Neil, P. M., Davies, M., Greenway, F., C.W. Lau, D., Claudius, B., Skjøth, T. V., Bjørn Jensen, C., & P.H. Wilding, J. (2016) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21629 · Cited by 131
Self-citationSarma, S., & Palcu, P. (2022) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.23563 · Cited by 133
Faillie, J.-L., Yu, O. H., Yin, H., Hillaire-Buys, D., Barkun, A., & Azoulay, L. (2016) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.1531 · Cited by 134
Gudbergsen, H., Overgaard, A., Henriksen, M., Wæhrens, E. E., Bliddal, H., Christensen, R., Nielsen, S. M., Boesen, M., Knop, F. K., Astrup, A., et al. (2021) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqaa328 · Cited by 131
Singh, A. K., & Singh, R. (2020) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1080/17512433.2020.1698291 · Cited by 130
GLP-1 receptor agonists in diabetic kidney disease: from clinical outcomes to mechanisms
Kawanami, D., & Takashi, Y. (2020) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00967 · Cited by 129
Bizino, M. B., Jazet, I. M., de Heer, P., van Eyk, H. J., Dekkers, I. A., Rensen, P. C. N., Paiman, E. H. M., Lamb, H. J., & Smit, J. W. (2020) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-019-05021-6 · Cited by 123
GLP-1 physiology in obesity and development of incretin-based drugs for chronic weight management
Holst, J. J. (2024) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-024-01113-9 · Cited by 125
Psychopharmacological advances in eating disorders
Himmerich, H., & Treasure, J. (2018) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1080/17512433.2018.1383895 · Cited by 119
Hu, W., Song, R., Cheng, R., Liu, C., Guo, R., Tang, W., Zhang, J., Zhao, Q., Li, X., & Liu, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.927859 · Cited by 127
O'Neil, P. M., Aroda, V. R., Astrup, A., Kushner, R., Lau, D. C. W., Wadden, T. A., Brett, J., Cancino, A., Wilding, J. P. H., & groups, O. B. O. T. S. A. C. A. –. L. E. I. I. W. A. W. D. (. S. (2017) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12963 · Cited by 115
Self-citationGlucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Pierret, A. C. S., Mizuno, Y., Saunders, P., Lim, E., De Giorgi, R., Howes, O. D., McCutcheon, R. A., McGowan, B., Sen Gupta, P., Smith, D., et al. (2025) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2025.0679 · Cited by 116
Wadden, T. A., Walsh, O. A., Berkowitz, R. I., Chao, A. M., Alamuddin, N., Gruber, K., Leonard, S., Mugler, K., Bakizada, Z., & Tronieri, J. S. (2019) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22359 · Cited by 116
Davies, M. J., Aronne, L. J., Caterson, I. D., Thomsen, A. B., Jacobsen, P. B., Marso, S. P., & groups, O. B. O. T. S. A. C. A. –. L. E. I. I. W. A. W. D. (. S. (2018) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.13125 · Cited by 115
Self-citationSilverii, G. A., Monami, M., Gallo, M., Ragni, A., Prattichizzo, F., Renzelli, V., Ceriello, A., & Mannucci, E. (2024) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15382 · Cited by 113
Berg, S., Stickle, H., Rose, S. J., & Nemec, E. C. (2025) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13929 · Cited by 111
Exposure-response analyses of liraglutide 3.0 mg for weight management
Wilding, J. P. H., Overgaard, R. V., Jacobsen, L. V., Jensen, C. B., & le Roux, C. W. (2016) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12639 · Cited by 102
Self-citationEffects of liraglutide on obesity-associated functional hypogonadism in men
Jensterle, M., Podbregar, A., Goricar, K., Gregoric, N., & Janez, A. (2019) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-18-0514 · Cited by 101
McGowan, B., Ciudin, A., Baker, J. L., Busetto, L., Dicker, D., Frühbeck, G., Goossens, G. H., Monami, M., Sbraccia, P., Martinez-Tellez, B., et al. (2025) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41591-025-03978-z · Cited by 100
Rye, P., Modi, R., Cawsey, S., & Sharma, A. M. (2018) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-018-3393-7 · Cited by 97
Cao, C., Yang, S., & Zhou, Z. (2019) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-019-02055-z · Cited by 99
Gut hormone co-agonists for the treatment of obesity: from bench to bedside
Nogueiras, R., Nauck, M. A., & Tschöp, M. H. (2023) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-023-00812-z · Cited by 102
Ishøy, P. L., Knop, F. K., Broberg, B. V., Bak, N., Andersen, U. B., Jørgensen, N. R., Holst, J. J., Glenthøj, B. Y., & Ebdrup, B. H. (2017) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12795 · Cited by 102
Vosoughi, K., Atieh, J., Khanna, L., Khoshbin, K., Prokop, L. J., Davitkov, P., Murad, M. H., & Camilleri, M. (2021) · eClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101213 · Cited by 97
Khera, R., Pandey, A., Chandar, A. K., Murad, M. H., Prokop, L. J., Neeland, I. J., Berry, J. D., Camilleri, M., & Singh, S. (2018) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2017.12.024 · Cited by 90
Jensterle, M., Kravos, N. A., Goričar, K., & Janez, A. (2017) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-017-0155-9 · Cited by 93
Silver, H. J., Olson, D., Mayfield, D., Wright, P., Nian, H., Mashayekhi, M., Koethe, J. R., Niswender, K. D., Luther, J. M., & Brown, N. J. (2023) · Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.15113 · Cited by 94
Chiang, C.-H., Jaroenlapnopparat, A., Colak, S. C., Yu, C.-C., Xanthavanij, N., Wang, T.-H., See, X. Y., Lo, S.-W., Ko, A., Chang, Y.-C., et al. (2025) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2025.06.003 · Cited by 105
Metadata
- Authors
- Davies, M. J., Bergenstal, R., Bode, B., Kushner, R. F., Lewin, A., Skjøth, T. V., Andreasen, A. H., Jensen, C. B., DeFronzo, R. A., & for the NN8022-1922 Study Group
- Affiliations
- University of Leicester (GB)
- Park Nicollet Health Services (US)
- Atlanta Diabetes Associates (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- National Research Institute (US)
- Novo Nordisk (Denmark) (DK)
- Texas Diabetes Institute (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2015-08-18
- Volume
- 314
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 687
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- OpenAlex
- W1798757189
- Cited by
- 1,198
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 121 · 2025: 188 · 2024: 152 · 2023: 141 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 114 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 67 · 2018: 78 · 2017: 74 · 2016: 83 · 2015: 11
- FWCI
- 59.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- jama.jamanetwork.com
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester) (acceptedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Amgen
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Pfizer
- AstraZeneca
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Sanofi
- Gilead Sciences
- Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust
- MannKind Corporation
- Halozyme
- Dexcom
- Zafgen
- ResMed
- Bayer HealthCare
- Novo Nordisk
- Servier
- Bavarian Nordic
- Esperion Therapeutics
- National Institutes of Health
- Abbott Diabetes Care
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Keywords
- liraglutide, type 2 diabetes, weight loss, obesity, overweight, GLP-1 receptor agonists, physical activity, HbA1c, glycemic control, drug safety, adverse events, dose comparison, weight regain, body mass index
- MeSH terms
- Liraglutide, Adult, Aged, Body Weight, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Reducing, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Injections, Subcutaneous, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Weight Loss, Exercise, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
