Circadian physiology of metabolism
Open accessAbstract
A majority of mammalian genes exhibit daily fluctuations in expression levels, making circadian expression rhythms the largest known regulatory network in normal physiology. Cell-autonomous circadian clocks interact with daily light-dark and feeding-fasting cycles to generate approximately 24-hour oscillations in the function of thousands of genes. Circadian expression of secreted molecules and signaling components transmits timing information between cells and tissues. Such intra- and intercellular daily rhythms optimize physiology both by managing energy use and by temporally segregating incompatible processes. Experimental animal models and epidemiological data indicate that chronic circadian rhythm disruption increases the risk of metabolic diseases. Conversely, time-restricted feeding, which imposes daily cycles of feeding and fasting without caloric reduction, sustains robust diurnal rhythms and can alleviate metabolic diseases. These findings highlight an integrative role of circadian rhythms in physiology and offer a new perspective for treating chronic diseases in which metabolic disruption is a hallmark.
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Desynchronization of the circadian clock associated with the modern 24/7 lifestyle increases the risk for obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases.
“The desynchronization of the circadian clock associated with the modern 24/7 lifestyle increases the risk for several diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases (2, 4).”
From Meal timing and its role in obesity and associated diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [2]
The Abstract (page not provided) says chronic circadian disruption increases the risk of metabolic diseases, and the Perspective and conclusion section reports that sleep deprivation and shift work correlate with higher incidence of metabolic diseases in humans. The paper discusses obesity and diabetes, but these passages do not establish increased risk specifically for type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease, or for the modern 24/7 lifestyle as a whole. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe circadian clock plays an essential role in metabolic processes.
“The circadian clock plays an essential role in metabolic processes.”
From Meal timing and its role in obesity and associated diseases (2024) · cites this paper as [2]
Eating at inappropriate circadian times may contribute to poorer weight management and metabolic health.
“Recent evidence from animal trials reported that eating at inappropriate circadian times may contribute to a poorer weight management and metabolic health [6,7,8].”
From Chronotype and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Obesity: Results from the Opera Prevention Project (2020) · cites this paper as [8]
The concentration is controlled by the SCN both indirectly, via controlling feeding rhythms, and directly, by affecting glucose production and utilization and insulin sensitivity in tissues like liver, muscle and pancreas.
“The concentration is controlled by the SCN both indirectly, via controlling feeding rhythms (which effect glucose and insulin rhythms), and directly, by affecting glucose production and utilization and insulin sensitivity in tissues like liver, muscle and pancreas 17, 21, 75.”
From The Circadian Syndrome: is the Metabolic Syndrome and much more! (2019) · cites this paper as [75]
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- Authors
- Panda, S.
- Affiliations
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- Corresponding author
- Panda, Satchidananda
- ORCID
- Panda, Satchidananda
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2016-11-25
- Volume
- 354
- Issue
- 6315
- Pages
- 1008-1015
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC7261592
- OpenAlex
- W2551231535
- Cited by
- 1,092
- References
- 112
- Citations by year
- 2026: 131 · 2025: 138 · 2024: 123 · 2023: 127 · 2022: 124 · 2021: 119 · 2020: 123 · 2019: 86 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 50
- FWCI
- 7.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH (EY016807, CA014195, EY019005)
- American Federation of Aging Research (M14322)
- Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust (2012-PG-MED002)
- Glenn Center for Aging Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- circadian rhythm, circadian gene expression, circadian clock, time-restricted feeding, feeding-fasting cycle, light-dark cycle, metabolic disorders, energy metabolism, chronobiology, circadian rhythm disruption
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Disease Models, Animal, Glucose, Humans, Insulin, Metabolic Diseases, Risk, Protein Biosynthesis, Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm, Caloric Restriction, Lipid Metabolism, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Circadian Clocks
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