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Lipids in archaeology.

Cramp, Lucy J.E., Bull, Ian D., Casanova, Emmanuelle, Dunne, Julie, Roffet‐Salque, Mélanie, Whelton, Helen L., Evershed, Richard P.·2023·Handbook of Archaeological Sciences

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Figure 26.1 Chromatograms showing the patterns and changing fatty acid distributions (as fatty acid methyl esters) from hydrolyzed fresh and degraded animal fats of terrestrial (dairy; modern and Neolithic) and marine (modern and degraded at 270 °C for 17 hours, anoxic conditions) origin. CX:Y = free fatty acids with X carbon atoms and Y degree of unsaturation.
Figure 26.1 Chromatograms showing the patterns and changing fatty acid distributions (as fatty acid methyl esters) from hydrolyzed fresh and degraded animal fats of terrestrial (dairy; modern and Neolithic) and marine (modern and degraded at 270 °C for 17 hours, anoxic conditions) origin. CX:Y = free fatty acids with X carbon atoms and Y degree of unsaturation.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 26.2 Summary of the relative faecal lipid biomarker and bile acid distributions of the modern faecal material. Data for sterol profiles. Source: Adapted from Leeming et al. (1996), Shah et al. (2007), and Prost et al. (2017). Bile acid and sterol profiles. Source: Adapted from Wildgrube et al. (1986) and Prost et al. (2017). Cholic acid amounts were not determined for all profiles with the exception of dog. A bile acid profile for cat is not available.
Figure 26.2 Summary of the relative faecal lipid biomarker and bile acid distributions of the modern faecal material. Data for sterol profiles. Source: Adapted from Leeming et al. (1996), Shah et al. (2007), and Prost et al. (2017). Bile acid and sterol profiles. Source: Adapted from Wildgrube et al. (1986) and Prost et al. (2017). Cholic acid amounts were not determined for all profiles with the exception of dog. A bile acid profile for cat is not available.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 26.3 Plot of δ 13 C values of C 16:0 and C 18:0 fatty acids, with 1 σ reference ellipses derived from the analysis of modern terrestrial animals of known diet from the United Kingdom (Copley et al. 2003) and aquatic fats from the Atlantic, Channel, North Sea, Severn Estuary and Chew Lake (Outram et al. 2009; Cramp and Evershed 2014; Cramp et al. 2019). Terrestrial and freshwater modern fats have been corrected for the contribution of post-­ industrial carbon (Friedli et al. 1986). Source: Adapted from Copley et al. (2003), Outram et al. (2009), Cramp and Evershed (2014) and Cramp et al. (2019).
Figure 26.3 Plot of δ 13 C values of C 16:0 and C 18:0 fatty acids, with 1 σ reference ellipses derived from the analysis of modern terrestrial animals of known diet from the United Kingdom (Copley et al. 2003) and aquatic fats from the Atlantic, Channel, North Sea, Severn Estuary and Chew Lake (Outram et al. 2009; Cramp and Evershed 2014; Cramp et al. 2019). Terrestrial and freshwater modern fats have been corrected for the contribution of post-­ industrial carbon (Friedli et al. 1986). Source: Adapted from Copley et al. (2003), Outram et al. (2009), Cramp and Evershed (2014) and Cramp et al. (2019).CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 26.4 Pie charts spanning Early-­ Middle Neolithic sites from which organic residue analysis has been performed, showing proportions of pottery lipids classified as ruminant (blue) or non-­ ruminant (orange) based on compound-­ specific stable carbon isotope determinations. Numbers in brackets denote the percentage of sherds containing aquatic biomarkers, where applicable. T otal no. data points included = 904; references for data included are given in the original publication ( Source: After Cramp et al. (2019)/Public Domain CC BY).
Figure 26.4 Pie charts spanning Early-­ Middle Neolithic sites from which organic residue analysis has been performed, showing proportions of pottery lipids classified as ruminant (blue) or non-­ ruminant (orange) based on compound-­ specific stable carbon isotope determinations. Numbers in brackets denote the percentage of sherds containing aquatic biomarkers, where applicable. T otal no. data points included = 904; references for data included are given in the original publication ( Source: After Cramp et al. (2019)/Public Domain CC BY).CC-BY · From the PDF

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Authors
Cramp, L. J. E., Bull, I. D., Casanova, E., Dunne, J., Roffet‐Salque, M., Whelton, H. L., & Evershed, R. P.
Venue
Handbook of Archaeological Sciences
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2023-02-10
Pages
529-556
Cited by
13
References
3
Language
en

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