Cited by 193Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineHydrogels: synthesis, properties, applicationsPolymer Surface Interaction Studies

Extracellular Matrix‐Based Strategies for Immunomodulatory Biomaterials Engineering

Open access
Rowley, Andrew T., Nagalla, Raji R., Wang, Szu‐Wen, Liu, Wendy F.·2019·Advanced Healthcare Materials

Abstract

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex and dynamic structural scaffold for cells within tissues and plays an important role in regulating cell function. Recently it has become appreciated that the ECM contains bioactive motifs that can directly modulate immune responses. This review describes strategies for engineering immunomodulatory biomaterials that utilize natural ECM‐derived molecules and have the potential to harness the immune system for applications ranging from tissue regeneration to drug delivery. A top‐down approach utilizes full‐length ECM proteins, including collagen, fibrin, or hyaluronic acid‐based materials, as well as matrices derived from decellularized tissue. These materials have the benefit of maintaining natural conformation and structure but are often heterogeneous and encumber precise control. By contrast, a bottom‐up approach leverages immunomodulatory domains, such as Arg–Gly–Asp (RGD), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐sensitive peptides, or leukocyte‐associated immunoglobulin‐like receptor‐1(LAIR‐1) ligands, by incorporating them into synthetic materials. These materials have tunable control over immune cell functions and allow for combinatorial approaches. However, the synthetic approach lacks the full natural context of the original ECM protein. These two approaches provide a broad range of engineering techniques for immunomodulation through material interactions and hold the potential for the development of future therapeutic applications.

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Crossref · 10.1002/adhm.201801578

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  • The decellularization process may increase the immunogenicity of tissue by exposing hidden immunogenic domains, converting inert molecules into immunogenic particles, or depleting immunomodulatory substances.

    “Decellularization process may increase the immunogenicity of the tissue by exposing hidden immunogenic domains, converting inert molecules within the decellularized tissue into immunogenic particles, or depleting immunomodulatory substances [74].”

    From Liver tissue engineering using decellularized scaffolds: Current progress, challenges, and opportunities (2024) · cites this paper as [74]

    The Decellularized matrices section (page not provided) says that decellularization methods and post-processing affect immune responses, supporting the general point that processing can change immunogenicity. It does not describe increased immunogenicity through exposed hidden domains, conversion of inert molecules into immunogenic particles, or depletion of immunomodulatory substances; its antigen-removal example instead reports reduced antigen presentation. (LLM, conf=0.79)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Low molecular weight hyaluronic acids are released when ECM undergoes damage or degradation and enhance immune cell chemotaxis, dendritic cell maturation, and macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype through CD44 and TLRs.

    “Conversely, low molecular weight hyaluronic acids are released when ECM undergoes damage or degradation. They enhance immune cell chemotaxis, dendritic cell maturation, and macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype, mediated through the same receptors, CD44 and TLRs [74].”

    From Liver tissue engineering using decellularized scaffolds: Current progress, challenges, and opportunities (2024) · cites this paper as [74]

    The Hyaluronic acid section (page unavailable) says lower-molecular-weight HA forms through degradation or damage and induces an inflammatory macrophage phenotype, consistent with the M1 portion of the claim. It does not report enhanced immune-cell chemotaxis or dendritic-cell maturation from low-MW HA, or establish that its effects are mediated through both CD44 and TLRs; its CD44 discussion specifically describes crosslinking by high-MW, not low-MW, HA. (LLM, conf=0.87)

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  • RGD motives of collagen, laminin, and fibronectin interact with integrin receptors of immune cells and exert significant immunomodulatory effects such as dampening adaptive immunity activities, neutrophils chemotaxis and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages.

    “Moreover, three-peptide sequence amino acid (Arg-Gly-Asp) domains (RGD motives) of collagen, laminin, and fibronectin interact with integrin receptors of immune cells and exert significant immunomodulatory effects such as dampening adaptive immunity activities, neutrophils chemotaxis and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages [63].”

    From Immunogenicity of decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds: a bottleneck in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (2023) · cites this paper as [63]

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  • ECM denaturation during decellularization may enhance the immunogenicity of dECM scaffolds by depleting immunomodulatory moieties.

    “ECM denaturation during decellularization may enhance the immunogenicity of dECM scaffolds via (i) exposing hidden immunogenic domains to induce immune reactions, (ii) converting inert molecules to immunogen particles, and (iii) depleting immunomodulatory moieties [63].”

    From Immunogenicity of decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds: a bottleneck in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (2023) · cites this paper as [63]

    The ‘Decellularized matrices’ section (page unavailable) says that decellularization and post-processing methods affect immune responses, supporting the general link between processing and immunomodulation. It does not say that denaturation during decellularization increases scaffold immunogenicity by depleting immunomodulatory moieties; the other mechanisms in the citing sentence are also not established there. (LLM, conf=0.72)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • HMWHAs exert anti-inflammatory effects by impeding antigen-antibody interaction and triggering TLRs and CD44 receptors of innate and adaptive immune cells.

    “In another example, high molecular weight hyaluronic acids (HMWHAs), well-known GAGs of dECM, exert anti-inflammatory effects by impeding antigen-antibody interaction and triggering toll-like receptors (TLRs), a subgroup of PRRs, and CD44 receptors of innate and adaptive immune cells.”

    From Immunogenicity of decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds: a bottleneck in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (2023) · cites this paper as [63]

    The Hyaluronic acid section (page unavailable) says high-molecular-weight HA tends to be immunosuppressive and that its effects are mediated primarily through CD44 receptors on innate and adaptive immune cells. It does not say that HA impedes antigen–antibody interactions or that triggering TLRs produces these anti-inflammatory effects. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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1 of the 142 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. [131]Yu S, Duan Y, Zuo X, Chen X, Mao Z, Gao C. Mediating the invasion of smooth muscle cells into a cell-responsive hydrogel under the existence of immune cells. Biomaterials. 2018; 180: 193– 205. 30048909
  2. [139]Moore AN, Lopez Silva TL, Carrejo NC, Origel Marmolejo CA, Li I-C, Hartgerink JD. Nanofibrous peptide hydrogel elicits angiogenesis and neurogenesis without drugs, proteins, or cells. Biomaterials. 2018; 161: 154– 163. 29421552 PMC5837816
  3. [140]Kumar VA, Taylor NL, Shi S, Wickremasinghe NC, D’Souza RN, Hartgerink JD. Self-assembling multidomain peptides tailor biological responses through biphasic release. Biomaterials. 2015; 52: 71– 78. 25818414 PMC4613801

Cited by

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Authors
Rowley, A. T., Nagalla, R. R., Wang, S., & Liu, W. F.
Affiliations
University of California, Irvine (US)
Corresponding author
  • Wang, Szu‐Wen
  • Liu, Wendy F.
Venue
Advanced Healthcare Materials
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2019-02-04
Volume
8
Issue
8
Pages
e1801578-e1801578
ISSN
  • 2192-2640 (ISSN-L)
  • 2192-2659
OpenAlex
W2914156600
Cited by
193
References
142
Citations by year
2026: 23 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1
FWCI
4.59
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Advanced Healthcare Materials (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R21AI128519‐01)
  • National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R21EB022240)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
Keywords
extracellular matrix, immunomodulatory biomaterials, biomaterials engineering, decellularized tissue, collagen, fibrin, hyaluronic acid, RGD peptide, top-down and bottom-up approaches, tissue regeneration, drug delivery, immune cell modulation
MeSH terms
Animals, Biocompatible Materials, Cell Line, Extracellular Matrix, Humans, Tissue Engineering, Mice, Immunomodulation

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