Effects of Human and Porcine Adipose Extracellular Matrices Decellularized by Enzymatic or Chemical Methods on Macrophage Polarization and Immunocompetence
Open accessAbstract
The decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) obtained from human and porcine adipose tissue (AT) is currently used to prepare regenerative medicine bio-scaffolds. However, the influence of these natural biomaterials on host immune response is not yet deeply understood. Since macrophages play a key role in the inflammation/healing processes due to their high functional plasticity between M1 and M2 phenotypes, the evaluation of their response to decellularized ECM is mandatory. It is also necessary to analyze the immunocompetence of macrophages after contact with decellularized ECM materials to assess their functional role in a possible infection scenario. In this work, we studied the effect of four decellularized adipose matrices (DAMs) obtained from human and porcine AT by enzymatic or chemical methods on macrophage phenotypes and fungal phagocytosis. First, a thorough biochemical characterization of these biomaterials by quantification of remnant DNA, lipids, and proteins was performed, thus indicating the efficiency and reliability of both methods. The proteomic analysis evidenced that some proteins are differentially preserved depending on both the AT origin and the decellularization method employed. After exposure to the four DAMs, specific markers of M1 proinflammatory and M2 anti-inflammatory macrophages were analyzed. Porcine DAMs favor the M2 phenotype, independently of the decellularization method employed. Finally, a sensitive fungal phagocytosis assay allowed us to relate the macrophage phagocytosis capability with specific proteins differentially preserved in certain DAMs. The results obtained in this study highlight the close relationship between the ECM biochemical composition and the macrophage’s functional role.
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Interspecies variations between ECM components such as collagen, laminin, fibronectin, elastin, and growth factors are not extreme, making xenogeneic ECM plausible surrogates for their human-derived counterparts.
“Interspecies variations between ECM components such as collagen, laminin, fibronectin, elastin, and growth factors are not extreme, making xenogeneic ECM plausible surrogates for their human-derived counterparts [114, 117–119].”
From Immunogenicity of decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds: a bottleneck in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (2023) · cites this paper as [119]
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- Authors
- Cicuéndez, M., Casarrubios, L., Feito, M. J., Madarieta, I., Garcia-Urkia, N., Murua, O., Olalde, B., Briz, N., Diez-Orejas, R., & Portolés, M. T.
- Affiliations
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Tecnalia (ES)
- TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), E20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author
- Olalde, Beatriz
- Portolés, María Teresa
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-04-08
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 3847
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8068109
- OpenAlex
- W3152373683
- Cited by
- 39
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 5.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Docta Complutense (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- TECNALIA Publications (Fundación TECNALIA Research & Innovation) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (H2020-FETOPEN-2018-2020, NeuroStimSpinal Project, Grant Agreement No. 829060)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Wound Healing and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- Keywords
- decellularized extracellular matrix, adipose tissue, macrophage polarization, M1/M2 macrophages, immunocompetence, biomaterials, proteomic profiling, human biomaterials, inflammation
- MeSH terms
- RAW 264.7 Cells, Adipose Tissue, Animals, Extracellular Matrix, Humans, Immunocompetence, Lipids, Macrophage Activation, Macrophages, Phagocytosis, Swine, Gastric Stump, Cell Culture Techniques, Tissue Engineering, Mice, Tissue Scaffolds
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