Outsourcing in the brain: Do neurons depend on cholesterol delivery by astrocytes?

Pfrieger, Frank W.

doi:10.1002/bies.10195

Cited by 308Cholesterol and Lipid MetabolismNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Outsourcing in the brain: Do neurons depend on cholesterol delivery by astrocytes?

Pfrieger, Frank W.·2003·BioEssays

DOI 10.1002/bies.10195

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Abstract

Brain function depends on the cooperation between highly specialized cells. Neurons generate electrical signals and glial cells provide structural and metabolic support. Here, I propose a new kind of job-sharing between neurons and astrocytes. Recent studies on primary cultures of highly purified neurons from the rodent central nervous system (CNS) suggest that, during development, neurons reduce or even abandon cholesterol synthesis to save energy and import cholesterol from astrocytes via lipoproteins. The cholesterol shuttle may be restricted to compartments distant from the soma including synapses and may be regulated by electrical activity. Testing these hypotheses will help to improve our still insufficient understanding of brain cholesterol metabolism and its role in neurodegeneration.

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Astrocytes are the main resource of cholesterol for neurons and lipids and cholesterols are easily exported for neuronal absorption.
“Astrocytes are the main resource of cholesterol for neurons and the lipids and cholesterols are easily exported for neuronal absorption [62].”
From HIV-TAT dysregulates microglial lipid metabolism through SREBP2/miR-124 axis: Implication of lipid droplet accumulation microglia in NeuroHIV (2025) · cites this paper as [62]
Cholesterol is a key constituent of myelin sheaths and neuronal membranes.
“Cholesterol is a key constituent of myelin sheaths and neuronal membranes [2].”
From Loss of Mevalonate/Cholesterol Homeostasis in the Brain: A Focus on Autism Spectrum Disorder and Rett Syndrome (2019) · cites this paper as [2]
Astrocytes are the main source of cholesterol in the brain.
“Astrocytes are the main source of cholesterol in the brain, and cholesterol secreted by astrocytes has a role in synaptic formation and maintenance (Goritz et al., 2005;J.-P. Liu et al., 2010;Pfrieger, 2003).”
From Impaired astrocyte-to-neuron cholesterol trafficking drives synaptic dysfunction in Rett syndrome (2026) · cites this paper as Pfrieger, 2003
Cholesterol secreted by astrocytes has a role in synaptic formation and maintenance.
“Astrocytes are the main source of cholesterol in the brain, and cholesterol secreted by astrocytes has a role in synaptic formation and maintenance (Goritz et al., 2005;J.-P. Liu et al., 2010;Pfrieger, 2003).”
From Impaired astrocyte-to-neuron cholesterol trafficking drives synaptic dysfunction in Rett syndrome (2026) · cites this paper as Pfrieger, 2003
Cholesterol has a well-established role in synaptic development and maintenance.
“This choice was driven by the well-established role of cholesterol in synaptic development and maintenance (Goritz et al., 2005;J.-P. Liu et al., 2010;Pfrieger, 2003)”
From Impaired astrocyte-to-neuron cholesterol trafficking drives synaptic dysfunction in Rett syndrome (2026) · cites this paper as Pfrieger, 2003

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Authors: Pfrieger, F. W.
Affiliations: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
Corresponding author: Pfrieger, Frank W.
ORCID: Pfrieger, Frank W.
Venue: BioEssays
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2002-12-20
Volume: 25
Issue: 1
Pages: 72-78
ISSN: 0265-9247 (ISSN-L)
1521-1878
DOI: 10.1002/bies.10195
OpenAlex: W2112939466
Cited by: 308
References: 97
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 2.69
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: BioEssays (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
HAL (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords: brain cholesterol metabolism, astrocytes, neurons, cholesterol biosynthesis, lipoprotein transport, synapses, neuronal energy metabolism, neurodegeneration, neuron-glia interactions
MeSH terms: Animals, Astrocytes, Biological Transport, Cells, Cultured, Cholesterol, Models, Biological, Neuroglia, Neurons, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rats

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