Differential steroid hormone and neural influences on peptide mRNA levels in CRH cells of the paraventricular nucleus: a hybridization histochemical study in the rat

Swanson, L. W.; Simmons, D. M.

doi:10.1002/cne.902850402

Cited by 478Stress Responses and CortisolNeuropeptides and Animal PhysiologyNeuroendocrine regulation and behavior

Differential steroid hormone and neural influences on peptide mRNA levels in CRH cells of the paraventricular nucleus: a hybridization histochemical study in the rat

Swanson, L. W., Simmons, D. M.·1989·Journal of Comparative Neurology

DOI 10.1002/cne.902850402

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Abstract

The three major classes of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVH) provide a rich model for studying hormonal and neural influences on multiple neuropeptides expressed in individual cells. A great deal of previous work has examined this problem at the immunohistochemical level, where hormonal and neural influences on peptide levels have been established. In situ hybridization methods were used here to determine whether these effects are accompanied by measurable changes in neuropeptide mRNA levels. In the first series of experiments, the time-course of corticosterone replacement effects on corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA levels in parvicellular neuroendocrine cells of adrenalectomized animals were determined, and a dose-response curve was established. CRH mRNA hybridization remains maximal with plasma levels of steroid up to about 50 ng/ml, then declines sharply between about 60-130 ng/ml, and is just detectable at higher levels. We confirmed that corticosterone decreases vasopressin mRNA levels in this cell group and showed that levels of preproenkephalin mRNA are also decreased, whereas no significant changes in cholecystokinin, beta-preprotachykinin, and angiotensinogen mRNA levels could be detected. Thus, corticosterone decreases some neuropeptide mRNA levels and has no influence on others in this cell group. Tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA hybridization is also unaffected in this part of the nucleus. In a second group of experiments, the cell-type specificity of corticosterone influences was examined. It was found that while the hormone depresses CRH mRNA levels in parvicellular neurons, it increases such levels in PVH neurons with descending projections, in certain magnocellular neurosecretory neurons, and in a part of the central nucleus of the amygdala, whereas no influence was detected in the rostral lateral hypothalamic area. Furthermore, the stimulatory effects of corticosterone have different threshold levels in different cell groups. Thus, in different types of neurons, corticosterone may increase, decrease, or have no influence on CRH mRNA levels. In contrast, while corticosterone depresses vasopressin mRNA levels in parvicellular CRH neurons, it has no obvious effects on vasopressin mRNA levels in magnocellular or descending neurons; as with CRH, the effects of corticosterone on vasopressin mRNA levels are cell-type specific. In a third series of experiments it was shown that glucocorticoid receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor mRNAs are found in all three cell types in the PVH and that corticosterone tends to produce modest increases in mRNA levels for both receptors. Finally, it was shown that unilateral catecholamine-depleting knife cuts do not change mRNA levels for any of the neuropeptides (or steroid hormone receptors) examined here, although dramatic changes in neuropeptide levels themselves have been shown.4+

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The corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) neurosecretory system in intact, adrenalectomized, and adrenalectomized-dexamethasone treated rats
Paull, W. K., & Gibbs, F. P. (1983) · Histochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1007/bf00496618 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Estrogen-concentrating neurophysin-containing hypothalamic magnocellular neurons in the vasopressin-deficient (Brattleboro) rat: a study combining steroid autoradiography and immunocytochemistry
Rhodes, C., Morrell, J., & Pfaff, D. W. (1982) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.02-12-01718.1982 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Cerebral Involvement in the Inhibition of ACTH Secretion by Hydrocortisone
Davidson, J. M., Feldman, S., & Conforti, N. (1963) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-72-6-936 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid Receptor in Magnocellular Neurosecretory Cells
Kiss, J. Z., EEKELEN, J. A. M. V., Reul, J. M. H. M., Westphal, H. M., & de Kloet, E. R. (1988) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-122-2-444 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Comparative distribution of bombesin/GRP‐ and substance‐P‐like immunoreactivities in rat hypothalamus
Panula, P. A. J., Yang, H. T., & Costa, E. (1984) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902240409 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
A New Hypothalamic Pathway to the Median Eminence Containing Neurophysin and its Hypertrophy in Sheep with Natural Scrapie
Parry, H. B., & Livett, B. G. (1973) · Nature · doi:10.1038/242063a0 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Corticosterone-Induced Changes in Hypothalamic Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF) Content After Stress1
Sato, T., Sato, M., Shinsako, J., & Dallman, M. F. (1975) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-97-2-265 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Effect of Stress, Adrenalectomy, Hypophysectomy and Hydrocortisone on the Corticotropin-Releasing Activity of Rat Median Eminence
Vernikos-Danellis, J. (1965) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-76-1-122 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Constant Corticosterone Replacement Normalizes Basal Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) but Permits Sustained ACTH Hypersecretion After Stress in Adrenalectomized Rats*
Akana, S. F., Jacobson, L., Cascio, C. S., Shinsako, J., & Dallman, M. F. (1988) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-122-4-1337 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Variations in concentration of oxytocin and vasopressin in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus during the estrous cycle in rats
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Role of cholecystokinin in corticotropin release: coexistence with vasopressin and corticotropin-releasing factor in cells of the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.
Mezey, É., Reisine, T., Skirboll, L. R., et al. (1986) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.83.10.3510 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
EFFECTS OF BILATERAL ADRENALECTOMY ON IMMUNOREACTIVE CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING FACTOR IN THE RAT MEDIAN EMINENCE AND INTERMEDIATE-POSTERIOR PITUITARY
Suda, T., Tomori, N., TOZAWA, F., Mouri, T., Demura, H., & SHIZUME, K. (1983) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-113-3-1182 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Tyrosine Hydroxylase mRNA Is Increased by Hyperosmotic Stimuli in the Paraventricular and Supraoptic Nuclei
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Presence of glucocorticoid receptor immunoreactivity in corticotrophin releasing factor and in growth hormone releasing factor immunoreactive neurons of the rat di- and telencephalon
Cintra, A., Fuxe, K., Härfstrand, A., Agnati, L. F., Wikström, A.-C., Okret, S., Vale, W., & Gustafsson, J.-Å. (1987) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(87)90601-x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Distribution and projections of cholecystokinin‐immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of rat
Kiss, J. Z., Williams, T., & Palkovits, M. (1984) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902270204 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Predominant Release of Vasopressin vs. Corticotropin-Releasing Factor from the Isolated Median Eminence after Adrenalectomy
Holmes, M. C., Antoni, F. A., Catt, K. J., & Aguilera, G. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000124533 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Effects of Catecholamine-Depleting Medullary Knife Cuts on Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Vasopressin Immunoreactivity in the Hypothalamus of Normal and Steroid-Manipulated Rats
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Solution hybridization-nuclease protection assays for sensitive detection of differentially spliced substance P- and neurokinin A-encoding messenger ribonucleic acids
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Anatomical evidence that neurol circuits related to the subfornical organ contain angiotensin II
Lind, R. W., Swanson, L. W., & Sawchenko, P. E. (1985) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(85)90064-4 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citation
Tyrosine Hydroxylase in Magnocellular Neurosecretory Neurons
Kiss, J. Z., & Mezey, É. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000124576 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
EFFECT OF PLASMA FROM HYPOPHYSEAL-PORTAL VESSEL BLOOD ON ADRENAL ASCORBIC ACID1
Porter, J. C., & Jones, J. C. (1956) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-58-1-62 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
EFFECTS OF IMPLANTATION OF CORTISOL INTO THE BRAIN STEM OR PITUITARY GLAND ON THE ADRENAL RESPONSE TO STRESS IN THE RABBIT
Smelik, P. G., & Sawyer, C. H. (1962) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.0410561 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
The hypothalamic/pituitary/adrenal axis revisited
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Posttranslational processing of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-preprotachykinins. Cell-free translation and early posttranslational processing events.
MacDonald, M. R., McCourt, D. W., & Krause, J. E. (1988) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)68161-x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
HYPOTHALAMO-NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL NEUROSECRETION AFTER THE EXTIRPATION OF VARIOUS ENDOCRINE GLANDS
Arko, H., Kivalo, E., & Rinne, U. K. (1963) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.0420293 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Suppression by glucocorticoid of the immunoreactivity of corticotropin-releasing factor and vasopressin in the paraventricular nucleus of rat hypothalamus
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Effect of Dexamethasone on Immunoreactive Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in the Rat Median Eminence and Intermediate-Posterior Pituitary*
Suda, T., Tomori, N., TOZAWA, F., Mouri, T., Demura, H., & SHIZUME, K. (1984) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-114-3-851 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Autoradiographic Studies with 3H-Dexamethasone in the Rat Brain and Pituitary1
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Immunoreactivity of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial neurons which secrete corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and vasopressin (Vp): immunocytochemical evidence for a correlation with their functional state in colchicine-treated rats
Alonso, G., SZAFARCZYK, A., & ASSENMACHER, I. (1986) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00237574 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Infundibular localization of vasopressin, oxytocin and neurophysins in the rat; its relationships with corticotrope function
Burlet, A. J., Chateau, M., & Czernichow, P. (1979) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(79)90169-0 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Frontiers in neuroendocrinology
Hynie, S. (1979) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/0028-3908(79)90136-9 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Hormonal "feedback" regulation of pituitary-adrenocortical activity.
Endröczi, E., Lissák, K., & Tekeres, M. (1961) · PubMed · Cited by 42 · see citing works
VASOPRESSIN-CONTAINING AND VASOPRESSIN-DEFICIENT SUBPOPULATIONS OF CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING FACTOR AXONS ARE DIFFERENTIALLY AFFECTED BY ADRENALECTOMY
Whitnall, M. H., Key, S., & Gainer, H. (1987) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-120-5-2180 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
EFFECT OF BILATERAL ADRENALECTOMY AND CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY ON THE SECRETION OF CORTICOTROPHIN-RELEASING FACTOR ACTIVITY FROM THE HYPOTHALAMUS OF THE RAT IN VITRO
Hillhouse, E. W., & Jones, M. T. (1976) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.0710021 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Adrenal Steroid Inhibition of the Vasopressin-Neurophysin Neurosecretory System to the Median Eminence of the Rat
Silverman, A. J., Hoffman, D., Gadde, C. A., Krey, L. C., & Zimmermann, E. A. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000123144 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
INFLUENCE OF SUBSTANCE P ON HYPOTHALAMO-PITUITARY-ADRENOCORTICAL ACTIVITY IN THE RAT
Jones, M. T., Gillham, B., Holmes, M. C., et al. (1978) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.0760183 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
STUDIES ON THE LOCI OF ACTION OF CORTICAL HORMONES IN INHIBITING THE RELEASE OF ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIN1
McCANN, S. M., FRUIT, A., & FULFORD, B. D. (1958) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-63-1-29 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Changes in corticoliberin and vasopressin-like immunoreactivities in the zona externa of the median eminence in adrenalectomized rats. Immunocytochemical study
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Vascular responsiveness in adrenalectomized rats with corticosterone replacement
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Quantitation of Changes in the Content of Neurohypophyseal Peptides in Hypothalamic Nuclei after Adrenalectomy
ROBINSON, A. G., SEIF, S. M., Verbalis, J. G., & Brownstein, M. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000123479 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Neuropeptides — new vistas on synaptic transmission
Swanson, L. W. (1983) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(83)90140-6 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citation
A Superfusion System Technique for the Study of the Sites of Action of Glucocorticoids in the Rat Hypothalamus- Pituitary-Adrenal System in Vitro . II. Hypothalamus-Pituitary Cell-Adrenal Cell Superfusion
Vermes, I., Mulder, G. H., & Smelik, P. G. (1977) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-100-4-1153 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
A substance P-containing hypothalamic neuronal system projects to the median eminence
Makara, G. B., Kakucska, I., Lenoir, V., et al. (1986) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(86)90438-5 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Ultrastructural alterations of the paraventriculo-infundibular Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF)-immunoreactive neuronal system in long term adrenalectomized rats
Liposits, Z., & Paull, W. K. (1985) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/0196-9781(85)90424-3 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid Regulation of Vasopressin Messenger RNA
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Immunohistochemistry of Vasopressin: Study of the Hypothalamo-Neurohypophysial System of Normal, Dehydrated and Hypophysectomized Rats
Burlet, A. J., Marchetti, J., & Duheille, J. (1974) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-12587-8_3 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Influence of various corticoids on the augmentation of ?Gomori-positive? granules in the median eminence of the rat following adrenalectomy
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Influence of ascending noradrenergic fibers on the neurotensin-like immunoreactive neurons in the rat paraventricular nucleus
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Measurement of mRNA by Solution Hybridization with32P-Labelled Single Stranded cRNA Probe (“SP6 TEST”). Comparison with A32P-Labelled Single Stranded cDNA as Hybridization Probe (“S1 Test”) for Measurement of AVP mRNA
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[Immunohistochemical localization of corticoliberin in nerve Endings in the guinea pig and rat median eminence].
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The Effect of a CRF Preparation on ACTH Release in Rats Bearing Hypothalamic Dexamethasone Implants: A Study on the "Implantation Paradox"
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OPIOID PEPTIDES AND VASOPRESSIN The Application of In Situ Hybridization to Studies of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary
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Opioid Peptides and Vasopressin
Sherman, T. G., Kelsey, J. E., Khachaturian, H., et al. (1986) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-9486-4_3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

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Brain corticosteroid receptor balance in health and disease
de Kloet, E. R., Vreugdenhil, E., Oitzl, M. S., & Joëls, M. (1998) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.19.3.0331 · Cited by 2,614 · see citing works
The Corticosteroid Receptor Hypothesis of Depression
Holsboer, F. (2000) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(00)00159-7 · Cited by 2,181 · see citing works
The link between childhood trauma and depression: insights from HPA axis studies in humans
Heim, C., Newport, D. J., Mletzko, T., Miller, A. H., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2008) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.03.008 · Cited by 1,704 · see citing works
The potential role of hypocortisolism in the pathophysiology of stress-related bodily disorders
Heim, C., Ehlert, U., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2000) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(99)00035-9 · Cited by 1,688 · see citing works
Phasic vs Sustained Fear in Rats and Humans: Role of the Extended Amygdala in Fear vs Anxiety
Davis, M., Walker, D. L., Miles, L., & Grillon, C. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.109 · Cited by 1,488 · see citing works
Organization of the stress system and its dysregulation in melancholic and atypical depression: high vs low CRH/NE states
Gold, P. W., & Chrousos, G. P. (2002) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001032 · Cited by 1,274 · see citing works
The Darwinian concept of stress: benefits of allostasis and costs of allostatic load and the trade-offs in health and disease
Korte, S. M., Koolhaas, J. M., Wingfield, J. C., & McEwen, B. S. (2005) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.08.009 · Cited by 1,097 · see citing works
A Role for Brain Stress Systems in Addiction
Koob, G. F. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.06.012 · Cited by 1,056 · see citing works
The acute effects of corticosteroids on cognition: integration of animal and human model studies
LUPIEN, S., & MCEWEN, B. (1997) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(97)00004-0 · Cited by 1,024 · see citing works
Impaired stress response and reduced anxiety in mice lacking a functional corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1
Timpl, P., Spanagel, R., Sillaber, I., Kresse, A., Reul, J. M. H. M., Stalla, G. K., Blanquet, V., Steckler, T., Holsboer, F., & Wurst, W. (1998) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/520 · Cited by 919 · see citing works
Stressor specificity of central neuroendocrine responses: implications for stress-related disorders
Pacák, K., & Palkovits, M. (2001) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.22.4.0436 · Cited by 926 · see citing works
Effects of the high-affinity corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 antagonist R121919 in major depression: the first 20 patients treated
Zobel, A. W., Nickel, T., Künzel, H. E., Ackl, N., Sonntag, A., Ising, M., & Holsboer, F. (2000) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3956(00)00016-9 · Cited by 705 · see citing works
The rationale for corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor (CRH-R) antagonists to treat depression and anxiety
Holsboer, F. (1999) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3956(98)90056-5 · Cited by 654 · see citing works
Regulation of the hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone neurosecretory system
Whitnall, M. H. (1993) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0301-0082(93)90035-q · Cited by 582 · see citing works
Basic organization of projections from the oval and fusiform nuclei of the bed nuclei of the stria terminalis in adult rat brain
Dong, H., Petrovich, G. D., Watts, A. G., & Swanson, L. W. (2001) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.1079 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Self-citation
Models and mechanisms of anxiety: evidence from startle studies
Grillon, C. (2008) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-007-1019-1 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Role of the Hippocampus, the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis, and the Amygdala in the Excitatory Effect of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone on the Acoustic Startle Reflex
Lee, Y., & Davis, M. (1997) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-16-06434.1997 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Glucose metabolism in the amygdala in depression: relationship to diagnostic subtype and plasma cortisol levels
Drevets, W. C., Price, J. L., Bardgett, M. E., Reich, T., Todd, R. D., & Raichle, M. E. (2002) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(01)00687-6 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Chronic estrogen-induced alterations in adrenocorticotropin and corticosterone secretion, and glucocorticoid receptor-mediated functions in female rats
Burgess, L. H., & Handa, R. J. (1992) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.131.3.1324155 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Induction of corticotropin-releasing hormone gene expression by glucocorticoids: implication for understanding the states of fear and anxiety and allostatic load
Schulkin, J., W. Gold, P., & S. McEwen, B. (1998) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(97)00099-1 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Evidence of direct estrogenic regulation of human corticotropin-releasing hormone gene expression. Potential implications for the sexual dimophism of the stress response and immune/inflammatory reaction.
Vamvakopoulos, N. C., & Chrousos, G. P. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci116782 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Corticosterone effects on corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA in the central nucleus of the amygdala and the parvocellular region of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
Makino, S., Gold, P. W., & Schulkin, J. (1994) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91862-7 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Allostasis, amygdala, and anticipatory angst
Schulkin, J., McEwen, B. S., & Gold, P. W. (1994) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/0149-7634(94)90051-5 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Alcohol dependence as a chronic pain disorder
Egli, M., Koob, G. F., & Edwards, S. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.07.010 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Corticosterone delivery to the amygdala increases corticotropin-releasing factor mRNA in the central amygdaloid nucleus and anxiety-like behavior
Shepard, J. D., Barron, K. W., & Myers, D. A. (2000) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02019-9 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Addiction and Stress: An Allostatic View
Koob, G. F., & Schulkin, J. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.09.008 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Sequence of stress-induced alterations in indices of synaptic and transcriptional activation in parvocellular neurosecretory neurons
Kovacs, K., & Sawchenko, P. (1996) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-01-00262.1996 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
A comparison of two immediate-early genes, c-fos and NGFI-B, as markers for functional activation in stress-related neuroendocrine circuitry
Chan, R., Brown, E., Ericsson, A., Kovacs, K., & Sawchenko, P. (1993) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.13-12-05126.1993 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Multiple feedback mechanisms activating corticotropin-releasing hormone system in the brain during stress
Makino, S., Hashimoto, K., & Gold, P. W. (2002) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(02)00791-8 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Estrogen impairs glucocorticoid dependent negative feedback on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis via estrogen receptor alpha within the hypothalamus
Weiser, M. J., & Handa, R. J. (2009) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.12.058 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Projections from the lateral part of the central amygdalar nucleus to the postulated fear conditioning circuit
Petrovich, G. D., & Swanson, L. W. (1997) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(96)01361-3 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Self-citation
Role of the extended amygdala in short-duration versus sustained fear: a tribute to Dr. Lennart Heimer
Walker, D. L., & Davis, M. (2008) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-008-0183-3 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Characterization of the central nervous system innervation of the rat spleen using viral transneuronal tracing
Cano, G., Sved, A. F., Rinaman, L., Rabin, B. S., & Card, J. P. (2001) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.1331 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
New insights into the role of cortisol and the glucocorticoid receptor in severe depression
Gold, P. W., Drevets, W. C., Charney, D. S., & Drevets, W. C. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01480-4 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
The molecular physiology of CRH neurons
Aguilera, G., & Liu, Y. (2012) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2011.08.002 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Nucleus accumbens corticotropin-releasing factor increases cue-triggered motivation for sucrose reward: paradoxical positive incentive effects in stress?
Peciña, S., Schulkin, J., & Berridge, K. C. (2006) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/1741-7007-4-8 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Glucocorticoids, chronic stress, and obesity
Dallman, M. F., Pecoraro, N. C., La Fleur, S. E., Warne, J. P., Ginsberg, A. B., Akana, S. F., Laugero, K. C., Houshyar, H., Strack, A. M., Bhatnagar, S., et al. (2006) · Progress in Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(06)53004-3 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Glucocorticoid Negative Feedback Selectively Targets Vasopressin Transcription in Parvocellular Neurosecretory Neurons
Kovács, K. J., Földes, A., & Sawchenko, P. E. (2000) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-10-03843.2000 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
“…increases in CRF and AVP mRNA and peptide expression in parvocellular neurosecretory neurons are well documented (Kiss et al., 1984; Sawchenko et al., 1984; Jingami et al., 1985; Wolfson et al., 1985; Kovács et al., 1986; Young et al., 1986a,b; Kovács and Mezey, 1987; Swanson and Simmons, 1989).”
Background
Endocannabinoid system, stress and HPA axis
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Authors: Swanson, L. W., & Simmons, D. M.
Affiliations: Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
ORCID: Swanson, L. W.
Venue: Journal of Comparative Neurology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1989-07-22
Volume: 285
Issue: 4
Pages: 413-435
ISSN: 0021-9967 (ISSN-L)
1096-9861
DOI: 10.1002/cne.902850402
OpenAlex: W2074442917
Cited by: 478
References: 135
Citations by year: 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 11.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 5558 d)
Locations: The Journal of Comparative Neurology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK2674109)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS 16686, R01NS016686)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Keywords: corticosterone, corticotropin-releasing factor, paraventricular nucleus, vasopressin, preproenkephalin, glucocorticoid receptor, mineralocorticoid receptor, cell type specificity, magnocellular neurosecretory neurons, descending projections, central amygdala, lateral hypothalamus, adrenalectomy
MeSH terms: Adrenalectomy, Animals, Autoradiography, Corticosterone, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Kinetics, Male, Neurons, Neuropeptides, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus, Rats, Inbred Strains, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Reference Values, RNA, Messenger, Sulfur Radioisotopes, Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase, Rats

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Differential steroid hormone and neural influences on peptide mRNA levels in CRH cells of the paraventricular nucleus: a hybridization histochemical study in the rat

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