Treating university students with social phobia and public speaking fears: internet delivered self-help with or without live group exposure sessions
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: This study investigated the efficacy of an Internet-based self-help program with minimal therapist contact via e-mail for Swedish university students with social phobia and public speaking fears. The main objective was to test if the Internet-based self-help program would be more effective if five live group exposure sessions were added. METHODS: Thirty-eight students meeting the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition criteria for social phobia were randomized into two different treatment groups: Internet delivered cognitive behavior therapy combined with five group exposure sessions (ICBT+ exp) or the Internet program alone (ICBT). RESULTS: Results were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis. Both treatment groups showed significant improvement from pre- to post-test, and from pre-test to 1-year follow-up, on all measured dimensions (social anxiety, general anxiety, depression levels, and quality of life). For both the groups, the average within-group effect sizes for the primary social anxiety scales, expressed as Cohen's d, were comparable to those seen in traditionally administered cognitive behavioral therapy both at post-test and at 1- year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the Internet-based self-help program on its own is efficient in the treatment of university students with social phobia. Adding group exposure sessions did not improve the outcome significantly.
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Very few studies have used reliable change index methods to compute treatment response rates, but the few that have evidence response rates comparable to those in the present study.
“Very few studies have used reliable change index methods to compute treatment response rates but the few that have (Stangier et al., 2003; Tillfors et al., 2008) evidence response rates comparable to those in the present study.”
From Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for social phobia: Outcomes and moderators (2014) · cites this paper as Tillfors et al., 2008
The number of modules completed was found to correlate with outcomes in interventions that targeted cigarette smoking, depression, and anxiety disorders.
“The number of modules completed was found to correlate with outcomes in interventions that targeted cigarette smoking [42,46,47], depression [45,48-51], and anxiety disorders [52-57].”
From A Systematic Review of the Impact of Adherence on the Effectiveness of e-Therapies (2011) · cites this paper as [52]
Two studies found effects of iCBT for social anxiety disorder in high school students and university students, but adherence to treatment was poor.
“While these two studies found effects, adherence to treatment was poor.”
From Individually Tailored Internet-Based Treatment for Young Adults and Adults With Panic Attacks: Randomized Controlled Trial (2012) · cites this paper as [21]
A few previous trials have been conducted on iCBT for younger persons with anxiety disorders.
“A few previous trials have been conducted on iCBT for younger persons with anxiety disorders.”
From Individually Tailored Internet-Based Treatment for Young Adults and Adults With Panic Attacks: Randomized Controlled Trial (2012) · cites this paper as [21]
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- Authors
- Tillfors, M., Carlbring, P., Furmark, T., Lewenhaupt, S., Spak, M., Eriksson, A., Westling, B. E., & Andersson, G.
- Affiliations
- Örebro University (SE)
- Linköping University (SE)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Tillfors, Maria
- Venue
- Depression and Anxiety
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 2008-08
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 708-717
- ISSN
- 1091-4269 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6394
- OpenAlex
- W1965570140
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 13.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Depression and Anxiety (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Forskningsrådet för Arbetsliv och Socialvetenskap
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- social anxiety disorder, social anxiety, public speaking anxiety, online self-help, cognitive behavioral therapy, university students, treatment efficacy, depression, quality of life
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Depressive Disorder, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phobic Disorders, Psychotherapy, Self-Help Groups, Severity of Illness Index, Social Environment, Speech, Students, Universities, Internet, Young Adult
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