The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Estimation of the multiple testing burden for genomewide association studies of nearly all common variants
Abstract
Genomewide association studies are an exciting strategy in genetics, recently becoming feasible and harvesting many novel genes linked to multiple phenotypes. Determining the significance of results in the face of testing a genomewide set of multiple hypotheses, most of which are producing noisy, null‐distributed association signals, presents a challenge to the wide community of association researchers. Rather than each study engaging in independent evaluation of significance standards, we have undertaken the task of developing such standards for genomewide significance, based on data collected by the International Haplotype Map Consortium. We report an estimated testing burden of a million independent tests genomewide in Europeans, and twice that number in Africans. We further identify the sensitivity of the testing burden to the required significance level, with implications to staged design of association studies. Genet. Epidemiol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“These validated the HLA association but showed no significant linkage to loci outside the MHC.”
From Genome‐wide association studies of multiple sclerosis (2018) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“The currently acceptable standard is a significance level of P < 5 × 10−8, which is equivalent to P < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction for the number of independent tests in the genome given linkage disequilibrium between common variants.28”
From Genome‐wide association studies of multiple sclerosis (2018) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“For the non-trio cohorts, each regression included derived principal components as covariates [29].”
In the citing paper
“Simulations indicated that a dense genome-wide scan of common variants involves the equivalent of ~1 million independent hypotheses (64). A significance level of P = 5 × 10−8 thus represents a finding expected by chance once in 20 GWASs.”
From Genetic Mapping in Human Disease (2008) · cites this paper as [64]
Citations
Cites
Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls
The Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Management Committee, Burton, P. R., Clayton, D. G., Cardon, L. R., Craddock, N., Deloukas, P., Duncanson, A., Kwiatkowski, D. P., McCarthy, M. I., et al. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05911 · Cited by 9,442
The International HapMap Project
†The International HapMap Consortium, Genotyping centres: Baylor College of Medicine and ParAllele BioScience, Gibbs, R. A., Belmont, J. W., Hardenbol, P., Willis, T. D., Yu, F., Chinese HapMap Consortium, Yang, H., Ch'ang, L.-Y., et al. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature02168 · Cited by 6,057
Self-citationA haplotype map of the human genome
The International HapMap Consortium (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04226 · Cited by 5,858
The Future of Genetic Studies of Complex Human Diseases
Risch, N., & Merikangas, K. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.273.5281.1516 · Cited by 5,355
Genetic dissection of complex traits: guidelines for interpreting and reporting linkage results
Lander, E. S., & Kruglyak, L. (1995) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1195-241 · Cited by 5,236
The ENCODE Project Consortium (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05874 · Cited by 5,223
Complement factor H polymorphism in age-related macular degeneration
Klein, R. J., Zeiss, C., Chew, E. Y., Tsai, J.-Y., Sackler, R. S., Haynes, C., Henning, A. K., SanGiovanni, J. P., Mane, S. M., Mayne, S. T., et al. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1109557 · Cited by 4,492
Genome-wide association studies for common diseases and complex traits
Hirschhorn, J. N., & Daly, M. J. (2005) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg1521 · Cited by 2,923
Self-citationRectangular Confidence Regions for the Means of Multivariate Normal Distributions
Šidák, Z. (1967) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1967.10482935 · Cited by 2,904
Genome-wide association analysis identifies loci for type 2 diabetes and triglyceride levels
Saxena, R., Voight, B. F., Lyssenko, V., Burtt, N. P., de Bakker, P. I. W., Chen, H., Roix, J. J., Kathiresan, S., Hirschhorn, J. N., Daly, M. J., et al. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1142358 · Cited by 2,843
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Pe'er I, 2006, Biases and reconciliation in estimations of linkage disequilibriumin the human genome, Am J Hum Genet, 73
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Genome-wide association defines more than 30 distinct susceptibility loci for Crohn's disease
the NIDDK IBD Genetics Consortium, Barrett, J. C., the Belgian-French IBD Consortium, the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Hansoul, S., Nicolae, D. L., Cho, J. H., Duerr, R. H., Rioux, J. D., Brant, S. R., et al. (2008) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.175 · Cited by 2,593
Self-citationNew genetic loci implicated in fasting glucose homeostasis and their impact on type 2 diabetes risk
DIAGRAM Consortium, Dupuis, J., GIANT Consortium, Global BPgen Consortium, Anders Hamsten on behalf of Procardis Consortium, the MAGIC investigators, Langenberg, C., Prokopenko, I., Saxena, R., Soranzo, N., et al. (2010) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.520 · Cited by 2,166
Initiative, T. A. D. N., Hollingworth, P., CHARGE consortium, EADI1 consortium, Harold, D., Sims, R., Gerrish, A., Lambert, J.-C., Carrasquillo, M. M., Abraham, R., et al. (2011) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.803 · Cited by 1,997
Genome-wide association studies
Uffelmann, E., Huang, Q. Q., Munung, N. S., de Vries, J., Okada, Y., Martin, A. R., Martin, H. C., Lappalainen, T., & Posthuma, D. (2021) · Nature Reviews Methods Primers · doi:10.1038/s43586-021-00056-9 · Cited by 1,849
An atlas of genetic influences on human blood metabolites
The Multiple Tissue Human Expression Resource (MuTHER) Consortium, Shin, S.-Y., Fauman, E. B., Petersen, A.-K., Krumsiek, J., Santos, R., Huang, J., Arnold, M., Erte, I., Forgetta, V., et al. (2014) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2982 · Cited by 1,515
Genome-wide association analysis identifies 13 new risk loci for schizophrenia
Multicenter Genetic Studies of Schizophrenia Consortium, Ripke, S., Psychosis Endophenotypes International Consortium, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2, O'Dushlaine, C., Chambert, K., Moran, J. L., Kähler, A. K., Akterin, S., Bergen, S. E., et al. (2013) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2742 · Cited by 1,496
Genetic Mapping in Human Disease
Altshuler, D., Daly, M. J., & Lander, E. S. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1156409 · Cited by 1,452
Self-citationCommon variants at 30 loci contribute to polygenic dyslipidemia
Kathiresan, S., Willer, C. J., Peloso, G. M., Demissie, S., Musunuru, K., Schadt, E. E., Kaplan, L., Bennett, D., Li, Y., Tanaka, T., et al. (2009) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.291 · Cited by 1,364
Self-citationGenome-wide Analysis of Genetic Loci Associated With Alzheimer Disease
Seshadri, S. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.574 · Cited by 1,219
Genome-wide association study identifies eight loci associated with blood pressure
Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Newton-Cheh, C., Johnson, T., Gateva, V., Tobin, M. D., Bochud, M., Coin, L., Najjar, S. S., Zhao, J. H., Heath, S. C., et al. (2009) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.361 · Cited by 1,215
Self-citationGenetic architectures of psychiatric disorders: the emerging picture and its implications
Sullivan, P. F., Daly, M. J., & O'Donovan, M. (2012) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg3240 · Cited by 1,177
Self-citationA mega-analysis of genome-wide association studies for major depressive disorder
Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric GWAS Consortium, Ripke, S., Wray, N. R., Lewis, C. M., Hamilton, S. P., Weissman, M. M., Breen, G., Byrne, E. M., Blackwood, D. H. R., Boomsma, D. I., et al. (2013) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2012.21 · Cited by 1,120
Self-citationMyocardial Infarction Genetics Consortium (2009) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.327 · Cited by 1,088
Genome-wide meta-analyses identify multiple loci associated with smoking behavior
The Tobacco and Genetics Consortium (2010) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.571 · Cited by 1,098
Li, M.-X., Yeung, J. M. Y., Cherny, S. S., & Sham, P. C. (2012) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s00439-011-1118-2 · Cited by 962
Identification of seven loci affecting mean telomere length and their association with disease
CARDIoGRAM consortium, Codd, V., Nelson, C. P., Albrecht, E., Mangino, M., Deelen, J., Buxton, J. L., Hottenga, J. J., Fischer, K., Esko, T., et al. (2013) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2528 · Cited by 933
The Genetics of Major Depression
Flint, J., & Kendler, K. S. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.01.027 · Cited by 724
23andMe Research Team, Walters, R. K., Polimanti, R., Johnson, E. C., McClintick, J. N., Adams, M. J., Adkins, A. E., Aliev, F., Bacanu, S.-A., Batzler, A., et al. (2018) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0275-1 · Cited by 632
Meta-analysis methods for genome-wide association studies and beyond
Evangelou, E., & Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2013) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg3472 · Cited by 596
The Autism Spectrum Disorders Working Group of The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (2017) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-017-0137-9 · Cited by 587
Statistical power and significance testing in large-scale genetic studies
Sham, P. C., & Purcell, S. M. (2014) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg3706 · Cited by 573
Practical aspects of imputation-driven meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies
de Bakker, P. I. W., Ferreira, M. A. R., Jia, X., Neale, B. M., Raychaudhuri, S., & Voight, B. F. (2008) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddn288 · Cited by 531
The harmonic mean p -value for combining dependent tests
Wilson, D. J. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1814092116 · Cited by 449
Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Neale, B. M., Medland, S. E., Ripke, S., Asherson, P., Franke, B., Lesch, K.-P., Faraone, S. V., Nguyen, T. T., Schäfer, H., Holmans, P., et al. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.06.008 · Cited by 450
Self-citationA genome-wide association study of alcohol dependence
Bierut, L. J., Agrawal, A., Bucholz, K. K., Doheny, K. F., Laurie, C., Pugh, E., Fisher, S., Fox, L., Howells, W., Bertelsen, S., et al. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0911109107 · Cited by 457
Genomewide Association Studies: History, Rationale, and Prospects for Psychiatric Disorders
Psychiatric GWAS Consortium Coordinating Committee (2009) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08091354 · Cited by 450
Yu, D., Sul, J. H., Tsetsos, F., Nawaz, M. S., Huang, A. Y., Zelaya, I., Illmann, C., Osiecki, L., Darrow, S. M., Hirschtritt, M. E., et al. (2019) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18070857 · Cited by 410
Wheeler, E., Leong, A., Liu, C.-T., Hivert, M.-F., Strawbridge, R. J., Podmore, C., Li, M., Yao, J., Sim, X., Hong, J., et al. (2017) · PLOS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002383 · Cited by 408
Large-scale genomics unveils the genetic architecture of psychiatric disorders
Gratten, J., Wray, N. R., Keller, M. C., & Visscher, P. M. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3708 · Cited by 363
Variation near complement factor I is associated with risk of advanced AMD
Fagerness, J. A., Maller, J. B., Neale, B. M., Reynolds, R. C., Daly, M. J., & Seddon, J. M. (2009) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/ejhg.2008.140 · Cited by 357
Self-citationEvaluating historical candidate genes for schizophrenia
Farrell, M. S., Werge, T., Sklar, P., Owen, M. J., Ophoff, R. A., O'Donovan, M. C., Corvin, A., Cichon, S., & Sullivan, P. F. (2015) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2015.16 · Cited by 315
The False-positive to False-negative Ratio in Epidemiologic Studies
Ioannidis, J. P. A., Tarone, R., & McLaughlin, J. K. (2011) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e31821b506e · Cited by 321
Panagiotou, O. A., Ioannidis, J. P. A., & for the Genome-Wide Significance Project (2012) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyr178 · Cited by 286
The Psychiatric GWAS Consortium: Big Science Comes to Psychiatry
Sullivan, P. F. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.10.003 · Cited by 285
CACNA1C (Cav1.2) in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disease
Bhat, S., Dao, D. T., Terrillion, C. E., Arad, M., Smith, R. J., Soldatov, N. M., & Gould, T. D. (2012) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.06.001 · Cited by 271
Jablonski, K. A., McAteer, J. B., de Bakker, P. I. W., Franks, P. W., Pollin, T. I., Hanson, R. L., Saxena, R., Fowler, S., Shuldiner, A. R., Knowler, W. C., et al. (2010) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db10-0543 · Cited by 271
Self-citationPirruccello, J. P., Bick, A., Wang, M., Chaffin, M., Friedman, S., Yao, J., Guo, X., Venkatesh, B. A., Taylor, K. D., Post, W. S., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15823-7 · Cited by 267
Genetic basis of chronotype in humans: insights from three landmark GWAS
Kalmbach, D. A., Schneider, L. D., Cheung, J., Bertrand, S. J., Kariharan, T., Pack, A. I., & Gehrman, P. R. (2017) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsw048 · Cited by 243
Genome-wide mapping of global-to-local genetic effects on human facial shape
Claes, P., Roosenboom, J., White, J. D., Swigut, T., Sero, D., Li, J., Lee, M. K., Zaidi, A., Mattern, B. C., Liebowitz, C., et al. (2018) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0057-4 · Cited by 235
Cornelis, M. C., Monda, K. L., Yu, K., Paynter, N., Azzato, E. M., Bennett, S. N., Berndt, S. I., Boerwinkle, E., Chanock, S., Chatterjee, N., et al. (2011) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002033 · Cited by 228
Genetic determinants of serum testosterone concentrations in men
Ohlsson, C., Wallaschofski, H., Lunetta, K. L., Stolk, L., Perry, J. R. B., Koster, A., Petersen, A.-K., Eriksson, J., Lehtimäki, T., Huhtaniemi, I. T., et al. (2011) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002313 · Cited by 224
Lindström, S., Wang, L., Smith, E. N., Gordon, W., van Hylckama Vlieg, A., de Andrade, M., Brody, J. A., Pattee, J. W., Haessler, J., Brumpton, B. M., et al. (2019) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.2019000435 · Cited by 223
Ferreira, M. A. R., Matheson, M. C., Tang, C. S., Granell, R., Ang, W., Hui, J., Kiefer, A. K., Duffy, D. L., Baltic, S., Danoy, P., et al. (2014) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2013.10.030 · Cited by 216
“As such, correction for multiple SNP testing required a more stringent genome-wide significance level threshold than the commonly used threshold of 5 3 10(28) based on approximately 1 million effectively independent common variants for Europeans, as estimated from HapMap project data.(30) Instead, we used a genome-wid…”
MethodEstimation of a significance threshold for epigenome-wide association studies
Saffari, A., Silver, M. J., Zavattari, P., Moi, L., Columbano, A., Meaburn, E. L., & Dudbridge, F. (2018) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.22086 · Cited by 183
Genetics of schizophrenia: new findings and challenges
Gejman, P. V., Sanders, A. R., & Kendler, K. S. (2011) · Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genom-082410-101459 · Cited by 183
Progress and promise in understanding the genetic basis of common diseases
Price, A. L., Spencer, C. C. A., & Donnelly, P. (2015) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.1684 · Cited by 147
Clinical utility of polygenic risk scores for coronary artery disease
Klarin, D., & Natarajan, P. (2022) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-021-00638-w · Cited by 152
An epigenome-wide association study of sex-specific chronological ageing
McCartney, D. L., Zhang, F., Hillary, R. F., Zhang, Q., Stevenson, A. J., Walker, R. M., Bermingham, M. L., Boutin, T., Morris, S. W., Campbell, A., et al. (2020) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-019-0693-z · Cited by 152
Bictash, M., Ebbels, T. M., Chan, Q., Loo, R. L., Yap, I. K. S., Brown, I. J., de Iorio, M., Daviglus, M. L., Holmes, E., Stamler, J., et al. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.10.001 · Cited by 140
Ramanan, V. K., Risacher, S. L., Nho, K., Kim, S., Shen, L., McDonald, B. C., Yoder, K. K., Hutchins, G. D., West, J. D., Tallman, E. F., et al. (2015) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awv231 · Cited by 133
Wild, P. S., Felix, J. F., Schillert, A., Teumer, A., Chen, M.-H., Leening, M. J. G., Völker, U., Großmann, V., Brody, J. A., Irvin, M. R., et al. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci84840 · Cited by 129
Whole-genome analyses of whole-brain data: working within an expanded search space
Medland, S. E., Jahanshad, N., Neale, B. M., & Thompson, P. M. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3718 · Cited by 119
Mick, E., Neale, B., Middleton, F. A., McGough, J. J., & Faraone, S. V. (2008) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30865 · Cited by 108
Estimating genome-wide significance for whole-genome sequencing studies
Xu, C., Tachmazidou, I., Walter, K., Ciampi, A., Zeggini, E., Greenwood, C. M. T., & the UK10K Consortium (2014) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.21797 · Cited by 93
Genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorder and related disorders
Browne, H. A., Gair, S. L., Scharf, J. M., & Grice, D. E. (2014) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2014.06.002 · Cited by 92
Genome‐wide association studies of multiple sclerosis
Cotsapas, C., & Mitrovic, M. (2018) · Clinical & Translational Immunology · doi:10.1002/cti2.1018 · Cited by 89
“05 after Bonferroni correction for the number of independent tests in the genome given linkage disequilibrium between common variants.(28) These studies have demonstrated that the common disease–common variant hypothesis of human diseases(29) is broadly true, where disease risk is driven by many common variants, each…”
BackgroundWeiss, F. U., Schurmann, C., Guenther, A., Ernst, F., Teumer, A., Mayerle, J., Simon, P., Völzke, H., Radke, D., Greinacher, A., et al. (2015) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2014-306930 · Cited by 88
The Genetics of Major Depression
Flint, J., & Kendler, K. S. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.02.033 · Cited by 81
“…common variation in the genome, usually variants with frequencies greater than 5%, and typically requires a genome-wide significance threshold of 53 10 8 (Pe’er et al., 2008) (this threshold depends on a number of factors, including the number of variants tested, also listed in Table 1).”
Pulit, S. L., de With, S. A. J., & de Bakker, P. I. W. (2017) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.22032 · Cited by 67
Sterenborg, R. B. T. M., Steinbrenner, I., Li, Y., Bujnis, M. N., Naito, T., Marouli, E., Galesloot, T. E., Babajide, O., Andreasen, L., Astrup, A., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-44701-9 · Cited by 79
Genome-Wide Association Study of the Child Behavior Checklist Dysregulation Profile
Mick, E., McGough, J., Loo, S., Doyle, A. E., Wozniak, J., Wilens, T. E., Smalley, S., McCracken, J., Biederman, J., & Faraone, S. V. (2011) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2011.05.001 · Cited by 75
Allowing for sex differences increases power in a GWAS of multiplex Autism families
Lu, A. T.-H., & Cantor, R. M. (2012) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2010.127 · Cited by 51
McGrath, L. M., Cornelis, M. C., Lee, P. H., Robinson, E. B., Duncan, L. E., Barnett, J. H., Huang, J., Gerber, G., Sklar, P., Sullivan, P., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32190 · Cited by 48
The Genetic Basis of Thyroid Function: Novel Findings and New Approaches
Kuś, A., Chaker, L., Teumer, A., Peeters, R. P., & Medici, M. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgz225 · Cited by 44
A genome-wide investigation of food addiction
Cornelis, M. C., Flint, A., Field, A. E., Kraft, P., Han, J., Rimm, E. B., & van Dam, R. M. (2016) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.21476 · Cited by 44
Rare and common variants at 16p11.2 are associated with schizophrenia
Chang, H., Li, L., Li, M., & Xiao, X. (2017) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2016.11.031 · Cited by 37
Zhang, X., Kim, B., Singh, A., Sankararaman, S., Durvasula, A., & Lohmueller, K. E. (2023) · Molecular Biology and Evolution · doi:10.1093/molbev/msad001 · Cited by 29
Genetic Loci Associated With C-Reactive Protein Levels and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Elliott, P. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.954 · Cited by 35
Li, X., Initiative, O. B. O. A. D. N., Chu, S.-G., Shen, X.-N., Hou, X.-H., Xu, W., Ou, Y.-N., Dong, Q., Tan, L., & Yu, J.-T. (2019) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.102435 · Cited by 7
Liu, X., Chen, Y.-W., Xu, X., Smith, D., & Fan, F. (2026) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfag021 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Pe'er, I., Yelensky, R., Altshuler, D., & Daly, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Broad Institute (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Daly, Mark J.
- Venue
- Genetic Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-03-17
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 381-385
- ISSN
- 0741-0395 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-2272
- OpenAlex
- W2163184920
- Cited by
- 783
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 56
- FWCI
- 34.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Genetic Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (U54CA121852)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (F32DK070527)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Keywords
- genome-wide association study, common genetic variants, Europeans, Africans
- MeSH terms
- Biometry, Epidemiologic Methods, Genetic Techniques, Humans, Models, Genetic, Genetic Variation, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Databases, Genetic, Black People, White People
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
