Structural and functional connectivity of the human brain in autism spectrum disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A rich club-organization study: Rich-club organization in ADHD and ASD
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Attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are two of the most common and vexing neurodevelopmental disorders among children. Although the two disorders share many behavioral and neuropsychological characteristics, most MRI studies examine only one of the disorders at a time. Using graph theory combined with structural and functional connectivity, we examined the large-scale network organization among three groups of children: a group with ADHD (8-12 years, n = 20), a group with ASD (7-13 years, n = 16), and typically developing controls (TD) (8-12 years, n = 20). We apply the concept of the rich-club organization, whereby central, highly connected hub regions are also highly connected to themselves. We examine the brain into two different network domains: (1) inside a rich-club network phenomena and (2) outside a rich-club network phenomena. The ASD and ADHD groups had markedly different patterns of rich club and non rich-club connections in both functional and structural data. The ASD group exhibited higher connectivity in structural and functional networks but only inside the rich-club networks. These findings were replicated using the autism brain imaging data exchange dataset with ASD (n = 85) and TD (n = 101). The ADHD group exhibited a lower generalized fractional anisotropy and functional connectivity inside the rich-club networks, but a higher number of axonal fibers and correlation coefficient values outside the rich club. Despite some shared biological features and frequent comorbity, these data suggest ADHD and ASD exhibit distinct large-scale connectivity patterns in middle childhood.
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Differences between default mode and cingulo-opercular systems may be consistent with altered rich-club organization.
“while differences between DEF and cingulo-opercular systems may be consistent with altered rich-club organization 51”
From Subtyping cognitive profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorder using a Functional Random Forest algorithm (2018) · cites this paper as [51]
Dorsal attention network organization has been shown to be altered in ASD.
“as well as the dorsal attention network organization 51”
From Subtyping cognitive profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorder using a Functional Random Forest algorithm (2018) · cites this paper as [51]
Those with ASD have shown differences in neuroimaging studies when compared to TD and ADHD groups.
“those with ASD have shown differences in neuroimaging studies when compared to TD and ADHD groups (Karalunas et al., 2018; Ray et al., 2014; Rommelse et al., 2017)”
From Heterogeneity of executive function revealed by a functional random forest approach across ADHD and ASD (2020) · cites this paper as Ray et al., 2014
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Self-citationRich-Club Organization: An Important Determinant of Functional Outcome After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Schirmer, M. D., Ktena, S. I., Nardin, M. J., Donahue, K. L., Giese, A.-K., Etherton, M. R., Wu, O., & Rost, N. S. (2019) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00956 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Ameis, S. H. (2017) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.2508 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ray, S., Miller, M., Karalunas, S., Robertson, C., Grayson, D. S., Cary, R. P., Hawkey, E., Painter, J. G., Kriz, D., Fombonne, E., Nigg, J. T., & Fair, D. A.
- Affiliations
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience; Oregon Health & Science University; Portland Oregon
- ORCID
- Venue
- Human Brain Mapping
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-08-13
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 6032-6048
- ISSN
- 1065-9471 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4319550
- OpenAlex
- W1495554123
- Cited by
- 149
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 9.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Human Brain Mapping (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH096773, MH091238, MH086654)
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000128)
- Simons Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, rich club, brain network organization, structural connectivity, functional connectivity, hub regions, middle childhood, fractional anisotropy, graph theory, neurodevelopmental disorders
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Child, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neural Pathways, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Cohort Studies, Connectome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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