Ruminative thought style and depressed mood
Abstract
Recent research has suggested that the measure most commonly used to assess rumination, the Response Style Questionnaire (RSQ; L. D. Butler & S. Nolen-Hoeksema, 1994), may be heavily biased by depressive symptoms, thereby restricting the scope of research exploring this construct. This article offers a broader conceptualization of rumination, which includes positive, negative, and neutral thoughts as well as past and future-oriented thoughts. The first two studies describe the development and evaluation of the Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire (RTS), a psychometrically sound measure of the general tendency to ruminate. Further, the scale is comprised of a single factor and shows high internal consistency, suggesting that rumination does encompasses the factors mentioned. The final study involved a longitudinal diary investigation of rumination and mood over time. Results suggest that the RTS assesses a related, but separate, construct than does the RSQ. RTS scores predicted future depressed mood beyond the variance accounted for by initial depressed mood whereas RSQ scores did not. The implications of these results and directions for future research are discussed.
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The RTSQ has good psychometric properties (Cronbach's α 0.92, strong correlations with measures of depression, anxiety and repetitive thought).
“with good psychometric properties (Cronbach's α 0.92, strong correlations with measures of depression, anxiety and repetitive thought)”
From A randomized controlled trial of yoga vs nonaerobic exercise for veterans with PTSD: Understanding efficacy, mechanisms of change, and mode of delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [57]
The RTSQ has demonstrated separability from mood.
“and demonstrated separability from mood [57]”
From A randomized controlled trial of yoga vs nonaerobic exercise for veterans with PTSD: Understanding efficacy, mechanisms of change, and mode of delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [57]
The Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire (RTSQ) is a 20-item, Likert-based (1-7) scale.
“The Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire (RTSQ) is a 20-item, Likert-based (1–7) scale”
From A randomized controlled trial of yoga vs nonaerobic exercise for veterans with PTSD: Understanding efficacy, mechanisms of change, and mode of delivery (2021) · cites this paper as [57]
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- Authors
- Brinker, J. K., & Dozois, D. J. A.
- Affiliations
- Western University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Brinker, Jay K.
- ORCID
- Dozois, David J.A.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-12
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-19
- ISSN
- 0021-9762 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-4679
- OpenAlex
- W2057726282
- Cited by
- 435
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 71 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 9.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Scholarship@Western (Western University) (submittedVersion)
- Swinburne figshare (Swinburne University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Keywords
- rumination, depressive mood, scale development, psychometric properties, construct validity, diary study
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Ontario, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Self-Assessment, Stress, Psychological, Students, Thinking, Universities, Self Psychology, Principal Component Analysis, Young Adult
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