Affect, Behaviour, Cognition and Desire in the Big Five: An Analysis of Item Content and Structure

Wilt, Joshua; Revelle, William

doi:10.1002/per.2002

Cited by 187Personality Traits and PsychologyPsychological Testing and AssessmentPersonality Disorders and Psychopathology

Affect, Behaviour, Cognition and Desire in the Big Five: An Analysis of Item Content and Structure

Open access

Wilt, Joshua, Revelle, William·2015·European Journal of Personality

DOI 10.1002/per.2002PMC PMC4532350

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Personality psychology is concerned with affect (A), behaviour (B), cognition (C) and desire (D), and personality traits have been defined conceptually as abstractions used to either explain or summarise coherent ABC (and sometimes D) patterns over time and space. However, this conceptual definition of traits has not been reflected in their operationalisation, possibly resulting in theoretical and practical limitations to current trait inventories. Thus, the goal of this project was to determine the affective, behavioural, cognitive and desire (ABCD) components of Big–Five personality traits. The first study assessed the ABCD content of items measuring Big–Five traits in order to determine the ABCD composition of traits and identify items measuring relatively high amounts of only one ABCD content. The second study examined the correlational structure of scales constructed from items assessing ABCD content via a large, web–based study. An assessment of Big–Five traits that delineates ABCD components of each trait is presented, and the discussion focuses on how this assessment builds upon current approaches of assessing personality. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/per.2002

Cites

111 of 111 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Each of the Big Five traits is operationalized and described by different levels of affect, behavior, and cognition, and each trait represents one of these three content domains more strongly than the others.
“Across measures, each of the Big Five traits has been shown to be operationalized and described by different levels of affect, behavior, and cognition; and each trait seems to represent one of these three content domains more strongly than the others.”
From Life Events and Personality Trait Change. (2018) · cites this paper as Wilt & Revelle, 2015
Study 1 (Results and Discussion; page unavailable) finds that affect, behavior, and cognition are represented in different proportions across Big Five inventories. It identifies a predominant domain for four traits, but says agreeableness has a relatively balanced representation of all three, so the claim that each trait favors one domain over the others overstates the finding. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Openness is represented primarily by cognitive content.
“and openness is represented primarily by cognitive content (Wilt & Revelle, 2015; Table 1).”
From Life Events and Personality Trait Change. (2018) · cites this paper as Wilt & Revelle, 2015
The three components of traits (affect, behavior, cognition) are differentially emphasized across the Big Five traits.
“Even though traits are thought to reflect relatively stable patterns of affect, behavior, and cognition, these three components of traits have been found to be differentially emphasized across the Big Five traits”
From Life Events and Personality Trait Change. (2018) · cites this paper as Wilt & Revelle, 2015
Neuroticism and to a lesser degree extraversion are typically represented by items that reflect affective content.
“Specifically, neuroticism and to a lesser degree also extraversion are typically represented by items that reflect affective content”
From Life Events and Personality Trait Change. (2018) · cites this paper as Wilt & Revelle, 2015

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
R Core Team (2000) · doi:10.32614/r.manuals · Cited by 355,706 · see citing works
Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability.
Shrout, P. E., & Fleiss, J. L. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.2.420 · Cited by 23,433 · see citing works
Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions.
Everitt, B. S., & Fleiss, J. L. (1981) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530193 · Cited by 9,034 · see citing works
Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research
Krueger, R. F., & Johnson, W. (2008) · Cited by 7,884 · see citing works
An alternative "description of personality": The Big-Five factor structure.
Goldberg, L. R. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.59.6.1216 · Cited by 6,652 · see citing works
Missing data analysis: making it work in the real world
Graham, J. W. (2009) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085530 · Cited by 6,163 · see citing works
Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: I. An improved scoring algorithm.
Greenwald, A. G., Nosek, B. A., & Banaji, M. R. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.197 · Cited by 5,815 · see citing works
The development of markers for the Big-Five factor structure
Goldberg, L. R. (1992) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.26 · Cited by 5,530 · see citing works
Personality trait structure as a human universal.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1997) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.52.5.509 · Cited by 4,234 · see citing works
A cognitive-affective system theory of personality: Reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance in personality structure
Mischel, W., & Shoda, Y. (1995) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.102.2.246 · Cited by 3,889 · see citing works
Moral Identity and Developmental Theory
Lapsley, D. K. (2015) · Human Development · doi:10.1159/000435926 · Cited by 3,836 · see citing works
A DYNAMIC THEORY OF PERSONALITY
Lewin, K. (1936) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-193611000-00051 · Cited by 3,733 · see citing works
Four ways five factors are basic
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(92)90236-i · Cited by 3,404 · see citing works
The international personality item pool and the future of public-domain personality measures
Goldberg, L. R., Johnson, J. A., Eber, H. W., Hogan, R., Ashton, M. C., Cloninger, C. R., & Gough, H. G. (2006) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2005.08.007 · Cited by 3,185 · see citing works
Toward a cognitive social learning reconceptualization of personality
Mischel, W. (1973) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0035002 · Cited by 3,181 · see citing works
Toward an adequate taxonomy of personality attributes: replicated factors structure in peer nomination personality ratings.
Norman, W. (1963) · Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0040291 · Cited by 2,653 · see citing works
Personality Psychology in Europe
Vera-Bermudez, J., Raad, D. B., de Vries, J., García, A. M. P., Sanchez-Elvita, A., & Heck, G. V. (1997) · University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) · Cited by 2,462 · see citing works
Determining the number of components from the matrix of partial correlations
Velicer, W. F. (1976) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02293557 · Cited by 2,438 · see citing works
Appraisal Processes in Emotion: Theory, Methods, Research
(2001) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195130072.001.0001 · Cited by 2,384 · see citing works
Handbook of research methods in personality psychology
(2007) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.45-2315 · Cited by 2,378 · see citing works
The Power of Personality: The Comparative Validity of Personality Traits, Socioeconomic Status, and Cognitive Ability for Predicting Important Life Outcomes
Roberts, B. W., Kuncel, N. R., Shiner, R., Caspi, A., & Goldberg, L. R. (2007) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00047.x · Cited by 2,361 · see citing works
Personality and the Prediction of Consequential Outcomes
Ozer, D. J., & Benet‐Martínez, V. (2005) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190127 · Cited by 2,171 · see citing works
Handbook of individual differences in social behavior
(2010) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.47-3482 · Cited by 2,011 · see citing works
A new Big Five: Fundamental principles for an integrative science of personality.
McAdams, D. P., & Pals, J. L. (2006) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.61.3.204 · Cited by 1,992 · see citing works
Between facets and domains: 10 aspects of the Big Five.
DeYoung, C. G., Quilty, L. C., & Peterson, J. B. (2007) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.93.5.880 · Cited by 1,920 · see citing works
Higher-order factors of the Big Five.
Digman, J. M. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.73.6.1246 · Cited by 1,839 · see citing works
A contrarian view of the five-factor approach to personality description.
Block, J. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.117.2.187 · Cited by 1,682 · see citing works
Psychology as the science of self-reports and finger movements: whatever happened to actual behavior?
Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., & Funder, D. C. (2007) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00051.x · Cited by 1,629 · see citing works
Objective Tests as Instruments of Psychological Theory
Loevinger, J. (1957) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1957.3.3.635 · Cited by 1,476 · see citing works
Toward a structure- and process-integrated view of personality: Traits as density distributions of states.
Fleeson, W. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.80.6.1011 · Cited by 1,436 · see citing works
What Do We Know When We Know a Person?
McAdams, D. P. (1995) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1995.tb00500.x · Cited by 1,162 · see citing works
Personality: A Psychological Interpretation.
Chapman, D. W., & Āllport, G. W. (1938) · Sociometry · doi:10.2307/2785590 · Cited by 1,100 · see citing works
A Six-Factor Structure of Personality-Descriptive Adjectives: Solutions From Psycholexical Studies in Seven Languages.
Ashton, M. C., Lee, K., Perugini, M., Szarota, P., de Vries, R. E., Di Blas, L., Boies, K., & De Raad, B. (2004) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.86.2.356 · Cited by 1,044 · see citing works
Untitled work
(2001) · PubMed · Cited by 1,034 · see citing works
Description and Measurement of Personality.
Merrill, P. L., & Cattell, R. B. (1947) · Journal of Educational Sociology · doi:10.2307/2263917 · Cited by 990 · see citing works
Higher-order factors of the Big Five in a multi-informant sample.
DeYoung, C. G. (2006) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.6.1138 · Cited by 933 · see citing works
Integration of the Big Five and circumplex approaches to trait structure.
HOFSTEE, W. K. B., Raad, B. D., & Goldberg, L. R. (1992) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.63.1.146 · Cited by 891 · see citing works
Personality and Motivation Structure and Measurement
(1958) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.34.393.398-a · Cited by 886 · see citing works
Personality, motivation, and performance: A theory of the relationship between individual differences and information processing.
Humphreys, M. S., & Revelle, W. (1984) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.91.2.153 · Cited by 831 · see citing works
Self-citation
The act frequency approach to personality.
Buss, D. M., & Craik, K. H. (1983) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.90.2.105 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
Personality
Funder, D. C. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.197 · Cited by 699 · see citing works
Appraising and Amending Theories: The Strategy of Lakatosian Defense and Two Principles that Warrant It
Meehl, P. E. (1990) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0102_1 · Cited by 673 · see citing works
Back to the future: Personality and Assessment and personality development
Roberts, B. W. (2009) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.015 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
Traits and motives: Toward an integration of two traditions in personality research.
Winter, D. G., John, O. P., Stewart, A. J., Klohnen, E. C., & Duncan, L. E. (1998) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.105.2.230 · Cited by 656 · see citing works
From thought to behavior: "Having" and "doing" in the study of personality and cognition.
Cantor, N. L. (1990) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.45.6.735 · Cited by 637 · see citing works
The implications of Big Five standing for the distribution of trait manifestation in behavior: Fifteen experience-sampling studies and a meta-analysis.
Fleeson, W., & Gallagher, P. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016786 · Cited by 636 · see citing works
A theoretical basis for the major dimensions of personality
Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2001) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.417 · Cited by 608 · see citing works
Motivation and Action
Heckhausen, H. (1991) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-75961-1 · Cited by 508 · see citing works
Very Simple Structure: An Alternative Procedure For Estimating The Optimal Number Of Interpretable Factors
Revelle, W., & Rocklin, T. (1979) · Multivariate Behavioral Research · doi:10.1207/s15327906mbr1404_2 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Eysenck Personality Inventory
Parish, L., Eysenck, H. J., & Eysenck, S. B. G. (1965) · British Journal of Educational Studies · doi:10.2307/3119050 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Cultural Psychology: Who Needs It?
Shweder, R. A., & Sullivan, M. A. (1993) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.44.020193.002433 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Global Traits: A Neo-Allportian Approach to Personality
Funder, D. C. (1991) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1991.tb00093.x · Cited by 475 · see citing works
HIGHER‐ORDER DIMENSIONS OF THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS AND THE BIG SIX VOCATIONAL INTEREST TYPES
MOUNT, M. K., BARRICK, M. R., SCULLEN, S. M., & ROUNDS, J. (2005) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2005.00468.x · Cited by 463 · see citing works
A Critical Analysis of Current Trait Theory
Pervin, L. A. (1994) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0502_1 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Knowing me, knowing you: The accuracy and unique predictive validity of self-ratings and other-ratings of daily behavior.
Vazire, S., & Mehl, M. R. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013314 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Outline of psychology.
Wundt, W. M. (1897) · Williams and Norgate eBooks · doi:10.1037/12908-000 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
The international cognitive ability resource: Development and initial validation of a public-domain measure
Condon, D., & Revelle, W. (2014) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2014.01.004 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Self-citation
On the dynamics of action.
Atkinson, J. W., & Birch, D. A. (1970) · PubMed · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Sociogenomic Personality Psychology
Roberts, B. W., & Jackson, J. J. (2008) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00530.x · Cited by 392 · see citing works
The Architecture of Personality.
Cervone, D. (2004) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.111.1.183 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Personality.
McClelland, D. C. (1951) · William Sloane Assoc eBooks · doi:10.1037/10790-000 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Affect and the Functional Bases of Behavior: On the Dimensional Structure of Affective Experience
Carver, C. S. (2001) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0504_4 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
What Do We Assess when We Assess a Big 5 Trait? A Content Analysis of the Affective, Behavioral, and Cognitive Processes Represented in Big 5 Personality Inventories
Zillig, L. M. P., Hemenover, S. H., & Dienstbier, R. A. (2002) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167202289013 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Survey and behavioral measurements of interpersonal trust
Evans, A. M., & Revelle, W. (2008) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2008.07.011 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Self-citation
Assessment of Human Motives
Wilkins, W. L., & Lindzey, G. E. (1959) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1419396 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
The Five-Factor Framing of Personality and Beyond: Some Ruminations
Block, J. (2010) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/10478401003596626 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF PERSONALITY
Eysenck, H. J. (1953) · British Journal of Statistical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1953.tb00132.x · Cited by 294 · see citing works
What do conscientious people do? Development and validation of the Behavioral Indicators of Conscientiousness (BIC)
Jackson, J. J., Wood, D., Bogg, T., Walton, K. E., Harms, P. D., & Roberts, B. W. (2010) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2010.06.005 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
William James and emotion: Is a century of fame worth a century of misunderstanding?
Ellsworth, P. C. (1994) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.101.2.222 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Evolution, the Five‐Factor Model, and Levels of Personality
MacDonald, K. (1995) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1995.tb00505.x · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Persons, behaviors and situations: An agenda for personality psychology in the postwar era
Funder, D. C. (2009) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.041 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Personality psychology as a truly behavioural science
Furr, R. M. (2009) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.724 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Personality and the Fate of Organizations
Hogan, R. T. (2017) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315089904 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Handbook of Individual Differences in Cognition
Gruszka, A., Matthews, G., & Szymura, B. (2010) · Plenum series on human exceptionality · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1210-7 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
The Comparative Validity of 11 Modern Personality Inventories: Predictions of Behavioral Acts, Informant Reports, and Clinical Indicators
Grucza, R. A., & Goldberg, L. R. (2007) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223890701468568 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
A defence of the lexical approach to the study of personality structure
Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2004) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.541 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
A Hierarchical Taxonomy of Human Goals
Chulef, A. S., Read, S. J., & Walsh, D. A. (2001) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1023/a:1012225223418 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
The Five-Factor Model of personality traits: consensus and controversy
McCrae, R. R. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596544.012 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Culture, personality, and psychopathology.
Lewis‐Fernández, R., & Kleinman, A. (1994) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.103.1.67 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Multilevel Methods
Bliese, P. D., Chan, D. K., & Ployhart, R. E. (2007) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/1094428107301102 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Units of Analysis for the Description and Explanation of Personality
Johnson, J. A. (1997) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012134645-4/50004-4 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Affect and Proto-Affect in Effective Functioning
Ortony, A., Norman, D. A., & Revelle, W. (2005) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195166194.003.0007 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Self-citation
It’s What You Ask and How You Ask It: An Itemmetric Analysis of Personality Questionnaires
Angleitner, A., John, O. P., & Löhr, F.-J. (1986) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-70751-3_5 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Age differences in big five behavior averages and variabilities across the adult life span: Moving beyond retrospective, global summary accounts of personality.
Noftle, E. E., & Fleeson, W. (2010) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0018199 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Why Cultural Psychology?
Shweder, R. A. (1999) · Ethos · doi:10.1525/eth.1999.27.1.62 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Personality Processes
Revelle, W. (1995) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.46.020195.001455 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citation
Conceptual analysis of psychological test scores and other diagnostic variables.
Gough, H. G. (1965) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0022397 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
A factor analysis of the Gray-Wilson personality questionnaire
Wilson, G. D., Gray, J. A., & Barrett, P. T. (1990) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(90)90131-a · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Traits as goal-based categories: The importance of goals in the coherence of dispositional categories.
Read, S. J., Jones, D. K., & Miller, L. C. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.6.1048 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
The Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey.
indicated, N. A. (1950) · Journal of Consulting Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0052581 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Sampling Fluctuations Resulting from the Sampling of Test Items
Lord, F. M. (1955) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02288956 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Corrected Item-Test Correlations
Cureton, E. E. (1966) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02289461 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
A Systems Framework for the Field Personality
Mayer, J. D. (1998) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0902_10 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Traits as ideal-based and goal-derived social categories.
Borkenau, P. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.3.381 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
The concept of traits.
Carr, H. A., & Kingsbury, F. A. (1938) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0063048 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
An alternative taxonomic study of personality-descriptive adjectives in the Italian language
Blas, L. D., & Forzi, M. (1998) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0984(199803/04)12:2 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
The Lexical Approach to the Study of Personality Structure: Toward the Identification of Cross–Culturally Replicable Dimensions of Personality Variation
Ashton, M. C., & Lee, K. (2005) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2005.19.3.303 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Exploring the Relations Between Motives and Traits: The Case of Narcissism
Emmons, R. A. (1989) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-0634-4_3 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
The content of personality inventory items.
Werner, P. D., & Pervin, L. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.3.622 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Individual Differences in Cognition: New Methods for Examining the Personality-Cognition Link
Revelle, W., Wilt, J. A., & Rosenthal, A. M. (2010) · Plenum series on human exceptionality · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1210-7_2 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Key Ingredients of Personality Traits
Yu, Y., Read, S. J., Denson, T. F., Xu, Y., Jin, Z., & Pedersen, W. C. (2013) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167213505871 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-regulation and control in personality functioning
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596544.027 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The trait approach to personality
Deary, I. J. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596544.009 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The contribution of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory to personality theory
Revelle, W. (2008) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511819384.019 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citation
Primary Divisions of Personality and their Scientific Contributions: From the Trilogy‐of‐Mind to the Systems Set
Mayer, J. D. (2001) · Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour · doi:10.1111/1468-5914.00169 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Culture and Personality Revisited
Bock, P. K. (2000) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/00027640021956071 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Objective Diagnostic Tests and Measures
Goldberg, L. R. (1974) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.25.020174.002015 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
A periodic table of personality elements? The "Big Five" and trait "psychology" in critical perspective.
Lamiell, J. T. (2000) · Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0091211 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
A Correction for Replicated Error in Correlation Coefficients
Bashaw, W. L., & Anderson, H. E. (1967) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02289657 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Semantic and linguistic aspects of personality
Saucier, G. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511596544.025 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Further Confusion in the Study of Self‐Regulation: Comments on Cervone, Shadel, Smith, and Fiori
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2006) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00258.x · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 113 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 9

Bryk AS Raudenbush SW 1992 Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods. Advanced qualitative techniques in the social sciences Thousand Oaks, CA Sage Publications, Inc
Costa PT McCrae RR 1998 Six approaches to the explication of facet-level traits: Examples from conscientiousness European Journal of Personality 12 2 117 134
Funder DC 2001 Personality Annual Review of Psychology 52 197 221 11148304
Galton F 1884 Measurement of character Fortnightly Review 36 179 185
Giere R 1999 Science without laws Chicago, IL University of Chicago Press
Ortony A Norman DA Revelle W 2005 Effective functioning: A three level model of affect, motivation, cognition, and behavior Fellous J Arbib M Who needs emotions? The brain meets the machine 173 202 New York Oxford Univeristy Press
Tellegen A 1991 Personality traits: Issues of definition, evidence and assessment Cicchetti D Grove W Thinking clearly about psychology: Essays In honor of Paul Everett Meehl Minneapolis University of Minnesota Press
Watson D 2000 Mood and temperament. Emotions and social behavior New York Guilford Press
Wundt W 1897 Outlines of Psychology Oxford, UK Engelmann

Sorted by citations

Life Events and Personality Trait Change.
Bleidorn, W., Hopwood, C. J., & Lucas, R. E. (2018) · Journal of personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12286 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
Descriptive, Predictive and Explanatory Personality Research: Different Goals, Different Approaches, but a Shared Need to Move beyond the Big Few Traits
Mõttus, R., Wood, D., Condon, D. M., Back, M. D., Baumert, A., Costantini, G., Epskamp, S., Greiff, S., Johnson, W., Lukaszewski, A. W., et al. (2020) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2311 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Self-citation
Individual differences in personality change across the adult life span
Schwaba, T., & Bleidorn, W. (2017) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12327 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Openness to experience and culture-openness transactions across the lifespan.
Schwaba, T., Luhmann, M., Denissen, J. J. A., Chung, J. M., & Bleidorn, W. (2017) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000150 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Assessing Personality States: What to Consider when Constructing Personality State Measures
Horstmann, K. T., & Ziegler, M. D. (2020) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2266 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Are All “Basic Emotions” Emotions? A Problem for the (Basic) Emotions Construct
Ortony, A. (2021) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691620985415 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Towards an Integrative Taxonomy of Social-Emotional Competences
Schoon, I. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.515313 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Skills: An Integrative Model of the Skills Associated With Success During Adolescence and Across the Life Span
Napolitano, C. M., Sewell, M. N., Yoon, H. R., Soto, C. J., & Roberts, B. W. (2021) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2021.679561 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Personality trait development across the transition to retirement.
Schwaba, T., & Bleidorn, W. (2018) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000179 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
The dynamics, processes, mechanisms, and functioning of personality: An overview of the field
Kuper, N., Modersitzki, N., Phan, L. V., & Rauthmann, J. F. (2021) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjop.12486 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
The Big Five, everyday contexts and activities, and affective experience
Wilt, J. A., & Revelle, W. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.12.032 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citation
Capturing interactions, correlations, fits, and transactions: A Person-Environment Relations Model
Rauthmann, J. F. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813995-0.00018-2 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
The personality of U.S. states: Stability from 1999 to 2015
Elleman, L. G., Condon, D. M., Russin, S. E., & Revelle, W. (2018) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2016.06.022 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citation
Development is in the details: Age differences in the Big Five domains, facets, and nuances.
Mõttus, R., & Rozgonjuk, D. (2019) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000276 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Personality computing: New frontiers in personality assessment
Phan, L., & Rauthmann, J. (2021) · Social & Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12624 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Killing The Cat? A Review of Curiosity at Work
Lievens, F., Harrison, S. H., Mussel, P., & Litman, J. A. (2021) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/annals.2020.0203 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Do Self-Reported Traits and Aggregated States Capture the Same Thing? A Nomological Perspective on Trait-State Homomorphy
Rauthmann, J. F., Horstmann, K. T., & Sherman, R. A. (2018) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550618774772 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Velocity explains the links between personality states and affect
Wilt, J. A., Bleidorn, W., & Revelle, W. (2016) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2016.06.008 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Dominance, Prestige, and Leadership Account of Social Power Motives
Suessenbach, F., Loughnan, S., Schönbrodt, F., Moore, A. B., & Back, M. (2018) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2184 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Character Strengths in the Life Domains of Work, Education, Leisure, and Relationships and Their Associations With Flourishing
Wagner, L., Pindeus, L., & Ruch, W. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.597534 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Who benefits from which activity? On the relations between personality traits, leisure activities, and well-being.
Kuper, N., Kroencke, L., Harari, G. M., & Denissen, J. J. A. (2022) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000438 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
The process and mechanisms of personality change
Jackson, J. J., & Wright, A. J. (2024) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-024-00295-z · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Life events sometimes alter the trajectory of personality development: Effect sizes for 25 life events estimated using a large, frequently assessed sample
Dugan, K. A., Vogt-Yerem, R. L., Zheng, A., Gillath, O., Deboeck, P. R., Fraley, R. C., & Briley, D. A. (2023) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12837 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Experience sampling and daily diary studies: Basic concepts, designs, and challenges
Horstmann, K. T. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813995-0.00030-3 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Scrutinizing the Criteria for Character Strengths: Laypersons Assert That Every Strength Is Positively Morally Valued, Even in the Absence of Tangible Outcomes
Stahlmann, A. G., & Ruch, W. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.591028 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Humor Production and Creativity
Ruch, W., & Heintz, S. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813802-1.00001-6 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Traits and Adaptations: A Theoretical Examination and New Empirical Evidence
Henry, S. D., & Mõttus, R. (2020) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2248 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Leveraging a more nuanced view of personality: Narrow characteristics predict and explain variance in life outcomesPreprint
Mõttus, R., Bates, T. C., Condon, D. M., Mroczek, D. K., & Revelle, W. (2017) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/4q9gv · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citation
Hans Eysenck: Personality theorist
Revelle, W. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.007 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citation
The social evolution of individual differences: Future directions for a comparative science of personality in social behavior
Martin, J. S., Jaeggi, A. V., & Koski, S. E. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104980 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Personality and moral judgment: Curious consequentialists and polite deontologists
Smillie, L. D., Katic, M., & Laham, S. M. (2020) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12598 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Personality is (so much) more than just self-reported Big Five traits
Rauthmann, J. F. (2023) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1177/08902070231221853 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Domain Specificity or Generality: Assessing the Chinese Implicit Theories Scale of Six Fundamental Psychological Attributes
Zhu, S., Zhuang, Y., & Cheung, S. H. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00142 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Bringing Back the Person into Behavioural Personality Science Using Big Data
Renner, K., Klee, S., & von Oertzen, T. (2020) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2303 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Conceptualizing and Studying Characteristics, Units, and Fits of Persons and Environments: A Coherent Synthesis
Kandler, C., & Rauthmann, J. F. (2021) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1177/08902070211048728 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Intelligence and Personality
DeYoung, C. G. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108770422.043 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Uncovering the Motivational Core of Traits: The Case of Conscientiousness
Costantini, G., Saraulli, D., & Perugini, M. (2020) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2237 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Test-retest reliability of the HEXACO-100—And the value of multiple measurements for assessing reliability
Henry, S., Thielmann, I., Booth, T., & Mõttus, R. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0262465 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
From persons to general principles: Methodological decisions for idiographic and nomothetic research
Kuper, N., Andresen, P. K., Beck, E. D., Costantini, G., Hamaker, E. L., Wright, A. G. C., & Zimmermann, J. (2024) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1177/08902070241278020 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Descriptive, predictive and explanatory personality research: Different goals, different approaches, but a shared need to move beyond the Big Few traitsPreprint
Mõttus, R., Wood, D., Condon, D. M., Back, M. D., Baumert, A., Costantini, G., Epskamp, S., Greiff, S., Johnson, W., Lukaszewski, A. W., et al. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/hvk5p · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citation
Personality-informed intervention design: Examining how trait regulation can inform efforts to change behavior
Rebele, R. W., Koval, P., & Smillie, L. D. (2021) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1177/08902070211016251 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Beyond Big Five trait domains: Stability and change in personality facets across midlife and old age
Brandt, N. D., Drewelies, J., Willis, S. L., Schaie, K. W., Ram, N., Gerstorf, D., & Wagner, J. (2022) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12791 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Improving the effectiveness of performance feedback by considering personality traits and task demands
Swift, V., & Peterson, J. B. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0197810 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Moderation effect of pleasure seeking and loss aversion in the relationship between personality traits and risky investment intention
Aren, S., Hamamcı, H. N., & Özcan, S. (2021) · Kybernetes · doi:10.1108/k-05-2020-0278 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Modeling dynamic personality theories in a continuous‐time framework: An illustration
Hecht, M., Horstmann, K. T., Arnold, M., Sherman, R. A., & Voelkle, M. C. (2022) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12769 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Open Peer Commentary and Author's Response
Bizumić, B., & Monaghan, C. (2020) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2284 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The Migration Experience: A Conceptual Framework and Systematic Scoping Review of Psychological Acculturation
Kreienkamp, J., Bringmann, L. F., Engler, R. F., de Jonge, P., & Epstude, K. (2023) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/10888683231183479 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
MMTF-DES: A fusion of multimodal transformer models for desire, emotion, and sentiment analysis of social media data
Aziz, A., Chowdhury, N. K., Kabir, M. A., Chy, A. N., & Siddique, M. J. (2025) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2025.129376 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The HEXACO Adjective Scales and Its Psychometric Properties
Romano, D., Costantini, G., Richetin, J., & Perugini, M. (2023) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911231153833 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Traits and values as predictors of the frequency of everyday behavior: Comparison between models and levels
Skimina, E., Cieciuch, J., & Strus, W. (2018) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-018-9892-9 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Five Approaches to Understanding Interpersonal Competence: A Review and Integration
Persich, M. R., & Robinson, M. D. (2022) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1177/10892680221085507 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Personality change through a digital-coaching intervention: Using measurement invariance testing to distinguish between trait domain, facet, and nuance change
Olaru, G., Stieger, M., Rüegger, D., Kowatsch, T., Flückiger, C., Roberts, B. W., & Allemand, M. (2022) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1177/08902070221145088 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self–other agreement in personality development in romantic couples
Lenhausen, M. R., van Scheppingen, M. A., & Bleidorn, W. (2020) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1177/0890207020969011 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The joint power of personality and motivation dynamics for occupational success: Bridging two largely separated fields
Brandt, N. D., Israel, A., Becker, M., & Wagner, J. (2021) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1177/0890207021996965 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Why are you (un)conscientious? The dynamic interplay of goals, states, and traits in everyday life
Di Sarno, M., Costantini, G., Richetin, J., Preti, E., & Perugini, M. (2023) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12701 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Resilience, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), and anger: A linguistic inquiry into the psychological processes associated with resilience in secondary school STEM learning
Hall, S. S., McGill, R., Puttick, S., & Maltby, J. (2022) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjep.12496 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Subjectifying the Personality State: Theoretical Underpinnings and an Empirical Example
Lazarus, G., Sened, H., & Rafaeli, E. (2020) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2278 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Openness to Experience and Culture-Openness Transactions Across the LifespanPreprint
Schwaba, T., Luhmann, M., Denissen, J. J. A., Chung, J. M., & Bleidorn, W. (2017) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/u7tb2 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The Longitudinal (Co)Development of Personality Traits and the Level of Personality Functioning After Negative Life Events
Haehner, P., Sleep, C. E., Miller, J. D., Lynam, D. R., & Hopwood, C. J. (2023) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026231197607 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Disentangling periodic and aperiodic resting EEG correlates of personality
Pacheco, L. B., Feuerriegel, D., Jach, H. K., Robinson, E. S., Duong, V. N., Bode, S., & Smillie, L. D. (2024) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120628 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Reflecting on nostalgic, positive, and novel experiences increases state Openness
Hotchin, V., & West, K. (2020) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12580 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Dynamics of personality: The Zurich model of motivation revived, extended, and applied to personality
Quirin, M., Malekzad, F., Paudel, D., Knoll, A., & Mirolli, M. (2022) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12805 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
It's about time: Emphasizing temporal dynamics in dynamic personality regulation
Wilt, J. A., & Revelle, W. (2022) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12794 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citation
What laypeople think the Big Five trait labels mean
Hall, J. A., Schlegel, K., Castro, V., & Back, M. (2019) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2018.12.007 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Personality traits in the Serbian language: Structure and procedural effects
Raad, B. D., Smederevac, S., Čolović, P., & Mitrović, D. (2017) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2017.11.008 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
No personality change following unemployment: A registered replication of Boyce, Wood, Daly, and Sedikides (2015)
Gnambs, T., & Stiglbauer, B. (2019) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2019.06.009 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Differences in change goals between personality traits and social, emotional, and behavioral skills
Feraco, T., Hudson, N. W., & Soto, C. J. (2025) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2025.113200 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Beyond nomothetics and idiographics: Towards a systematization of personality research approaches
Phan, L. V., Modersitzki, N., Kuper, N., Beckmann, N., Fajkowska, M., Gollwitzer, M., Horstmann, K. T., Quirin, M., Renner, K., Wright, A. G. C., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1177/08902070241301633 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Faking in Self‐Report Personality Scales: A Qualitative Analysis and Taxonomy of the Behaviors That Constitute Faking Strategies
Röhner, J., Schütz, A., & Ziegler, M. D. (2024) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/ijsa.12513 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
There are a million ways to be a woman and a million ways to be a man: Gender differences across personality nuances and nations
Hofmann, R., Rozgonjuk, D., Soto, C. J., Ostendorf, F., & Mõttus, R. (2025) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2025.104582 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Are state–trait fit and state–situation fit relevant for within-person dynamics of personality states?
Kritzler, S., Horstmann, K. T., Quintus, M., Egloff, B., Wrzus, C., & Luhmann, M. (2024) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000519 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Dual process models of personality
Perugini, M., Hagemeyer, B., Wrzus, C., & Back, M. D. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813995-0.00020-0 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
How do personality traits manifest in daily life of older adults?
Lindner, S., Aschwanden, D., Zimmermann, J., & Allemand, M. (2021) · European Journal of Ageing · doi:10.1007/s10433-020-00598-z · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Person-environment fit and social camouflaging in autism
Klein, J., & Macoun, S. J. (2024) · New Ideas in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2024.101112 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Open to Contact? Increased State Openness Can Lead to Greater Interest in Contact With Diverse Groups
Hotchin, V., & West, K. (2021) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672211030125 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Research on CEO narcissism and mergers and acquisitions of listed companies
Wang, L., Li, H., & Mu, Y. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-04605-1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Model of satisfaction involving affect and personality traits
Ciunova-Shuleska, A., & Palamidovska-Sterjadovska, N. (2019) · Eurasian economic review : · doi:10.1007/s40821-019-00130-z · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Age differences in the personality hierarchy: A multi-sample replication study across the life span
Hang, Y., Soto, C. J., Speyer, L. G., Haring, L., Lee, B., Ostendorf, F., & Mõttus, R. (2021) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104121 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Revealed Traits: A Novel Method for Estimating Cross-Cultural Similarities and Differences in Personality
Costello, C., Wood, D., & Tov, W. (2018) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022118757914 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Developing, evaluating, and interpreting personality state measures: A framework based on the revised latent state-trait theory
Bader, M., Columbus, S., Zettler, I., & Mayer, A. (2024) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1177/08902070241246930 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The Longitudinal and Multimodal Age Groups Study of Personality Architecture and Dynamics (SPeADy)
Wiechers, Y., Zapko–Willmes, A., Richter, J., & Kandler, C. (2023) · Personality Science · doi:10.5964/ps.6421 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Humor Styles and Marital Satisfaction: Cluster Analysis of the Relationship
Tsai, M.-N., Cheng, Y.-C., & Chen, H. (2023) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941221149151 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Experience Sampling and Daily Diary Studies: Basic Concepts, Designs, and Challenges.pdfPreprint
Horstmann, K. T. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/mzw5p · Cited by 8 · see citing works
A Systematic Review and Taxonomy of Neuroticism Interventions for the General PublicPreprint
Wright, A. J., Haehner, P., Hopwood, C. J., & Bleidorn, W. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/jy3eb · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Decision-Making Styles in Medical Students and Healthcare Professionals: The Roles of Personality Traits and Socio-Emotional Intelligence Factors
Sedlár, M., & Gurňáková, J. (2024) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2024.2369618 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A smartphone-based intervention to decrease neuroticism: Protocol of the CHILL Study
Haehner, P., Wright, A. J., Andrae, R., Lubczyk, T., Betancourt, L. A. R., Hopwood, C. J., & Bleidorn, W. (2025) · Personality Science · doi:10.1177/27000710251319409 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The measurement of fraud perception of investors and the mediating effect of risk aversion: the case of crypto assets
Özçelik, M., & Kurt, G. (2024) · International Journal of Accounting and Information Management · doi:10.1108/ijaim-02-2024-0051 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Situated selves: A cyclical model of personality expression in context
Li, R., & Wilt, J. A. (2025) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2025.102104 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citation
Quantifying the Links Between Personality Sub-traits and the Basic Emotions
Donovan, R., Johnson, A., Róiste, Á. D., & O’Reilly, R. (2020) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-58802-1_37 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
An analysis of the desire to make radiation measurements and to dialogue with experts among the residents of Tomioka town, Fukushima Prefecture: about the implementation of the co-expertise process
Zar, W. T., Matsunaga, H., Xiao, X., Lochard, J., Orita, M., & Takamura, N. (2023) · Radioprotection · doi:10.1051/radiopro/2022035 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Wild horses dressed like unicorns: Relationship effects on personality
Mund, M., & Neyer, F. J. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813995-0.00009-1 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Automated accounting in accounting firms : A qualitative study on impacts and attitudes
Törnqvist, E., & Forss, L. (2018) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Longitudinal (Co)Development of Personality Traits and the Level of Personality Functioning After Negative Life EventsPreprint
Haehner, P., Sleep, C. E., Miller, J., Lynam, D. R., & Hopwood, C. J. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/rbyjw · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Investigating the Relationships Between Basic Emotions and the Big Five Personality Traits and Their Sub‐Traits
Donovan, R., Johnson, A., de Róiste, Á., & O’Reilly, R. (2025) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.13027 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A Systematic Review and Taxonomy of Neuroticism Interventions for the General Public
Wright, A. J., Haehner, P., Hopwood, C. J., & Bleidorn, W. (2026) · Personality Science · doi:10.1177/27000710261421531 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The indirect effects of pre-adolescents’ personality on shyness through emotion regulation
Kokkinos, C. M., & Voulgaridou, I. (2022) · European Journal of Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17405629.2022.2113052 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Opinion: Which animals have personality?
Adolphs, R., & Xu, Y. (2024) · Personality Neuroscience · doi:10.1017/pen.2023.9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
From personal goals disclosed to personality judgments composed: Trait perceptions made on the basis of idiographic goals
Dunlop, W. L., McCoy, T. P., & Staben, O. E. (2017) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2017.02.003 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
College Students' Learning Outcomes in Flipped Classroom Instruction: A Literature Review
Shi, Y., Wang, S., Ma, Y., MacLeod, J., & Yang, H. H. (2018) · International Symposium on Educational Technology · doi:10.1109/iset.2018.00026 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A Reexamination of the Structure of the Inward Outward Upward Prayer Scale
Lazar, A. (2017) · International Journal for the Psychology of Religion · doi:10.1080/10508619.2017.1313014 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Authors: Wilt, J., & Revelle, W.
Affiliations: Case Western Reserve University (US)
Northwestern University (US)
Corresponding author: Wilt, Joshua
ORCID: Wilt, Joshua
Revelle, William
Venue: European Journal of Personality
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2015-07
Volume: 29
Issue: 4
Pages: 478-497
ISSN: 0890-2070 (ISSN-L)
1099-0984
DOI: 10.1002/per.2002
PMC: PMC4532350
OpenAlex: W1939947505
Cited by: 187
References: 113
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 4
FWCI: 12.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: European Journal of Personality (publishedVersion, public-domain)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (F31-MH093041)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Keywords: Big Five personality traits, affect, behavior, cognition, desire, scale structure, personality assessment

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Affect, Behaviour, Cognition and Desire in the Big Five: An Analysis of Item Content and Structure

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks