Endometriosis in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) following chronic exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
Abstract
The incidence of the reproductive disease endometriosis was determined in a colony of rhesus monkeys chronically exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD or dioxin) for a period of 4 years. Ten years after termination of dioxin treatment, the presence of endometriosis was documented by surgical laparoscopy and the severity of disease was assessed. The incidence of endometriosis was directly correlated with dioxin exposure and the severity of disease was dependent upon the dose administered (p < 0.001). Three of 7 animals exposed to 5 ppt dioxin (43%) and 5 of 7 animals exposed to 25 ppt dioxin (71%) had moderate to severe endometriosis. In contrast, the frequency of disease in the control group was 33%, similar to an overall prevalence of 30% in 304 rhesus monkeys housed at The Harlow Primate Center with no dioxin exposure. This 15-year study indicates that latent female reproductive abnormalities may be associated with dioxin exposure in the rhesus. Therefore, the effects of this toxin may be more diverse than previously recognized.
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It is unclear whether baboons are a useful model, because deep endometriosis has not been observed in nonhuman primates except after dioxin administration.
“First, it is unclear whether baboons are a useful model, because deep endometriosis has not been observed in nonhuman primates except after dioxin administration (252);”
From Pathogenesis of endometriosis: The genetic/epigenetic theory (2019) · cites this paper as [252]
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Animal Models of Human Response to Dioxins
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“Endometrial cells and leukocytes, particularly macrophages and monocytes that are recruited to inflamed tissues, secrete large quantities of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor ( Rier and Yeaman, 1997 ).”
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- Authors
- Rier, S.
- Affiliations
- Rush University Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rier, S
- ORCID
- Rier, S
- Venue
- Fundamental and Applied Toxicology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1993-11
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 433-441
- ISSN
- 0272-0590 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2121492292
- Cited by
- 502
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 13.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Fundamental and Applied Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Keywords
- endometriosis, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, dioxins, rhesus monkeys, long-term exposure, dose-response relationship, endometriosis severity, chronic toxicity
- MeSH terms
- Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins, Animals, Endometriosis, Female, Macaca mulatta, Monkey Diseases
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