Emotional Dissociation in Response to Trauma: An Information-Processing Approach
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Persistent or trait dissociation may hinder access to and elaboration of trauma-related emotions and memories.
“Persistent or trait dissociation may interfere with accessing and elaborating trauma related emotions and memories (Foa & Hearst-Ikeda, 1996).”
From Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as Foa & Hearst-Ikeda, 1996
By blocking processing, persistent dissociation may add to both memory fragmentation and the development of PTSD.
“By hindering processing, persistent dissociation, similar to other types of cognitive and behavioral avoidance (Foa & Hearst-Ikeda, 1996; Panasetis & Bryant, 2003; Wagner & Linehan, 1998) may contribute to both memory fragmentation and PTSD development.”
From Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as Foa & Hearst-Ikeda, 1996
Emotional numbing is often considered a key symptom of dissociation.
“Emotional numbing is often considered a key symptom of dissociation (e.g., Bryant, 2007; Foa & Hearst-Ikeda, 1996).”
From Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as Foa & Hearst-Ikeda, 1996
The DES does not assess emotional numbing or avoidance.
“However, the DES does not assess emotional numbing or avoidance (Foa & Hearst-Ikeda, 1996), omitting key constructs that are positively associated with dissociation and PTSD”
From Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as Foa & Hearst-Ikeda, 1996
Emotional numbing and avoidance are positively associated with dissociation and PTSD.
“omitting key constructs that are positively associated with dissociation and PTSD (Foa & Hearst-Ikeda, 1996; Foa & Riggs, 1993; Foa, Riggs, & Gershuny, 1995).”
From Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as Foa & Hearst-Ikeda, 1996
Many measures of dissociation exist, and there is no gold-standard measure.
“A variety of measures exist for dissociation, and there is not a “gold-standard” (Bryant, 2007; Foa & Hearst-Ikeda, 1996).”
From Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as Foa & Hearst-Ikeda, 1996
Avoidance is thought to be associated with dissociation because dissociation may help avoid painful memories and emotions.
“Further, avoidance is thought to be associated with dissociation, as dissociation may help avoid painful memories and emotions (e.g., Foa & Hearst-Ikeda, 1996; Foa & Riggs, 1993; van der Kolk et al., 1996; Wagner & Linehan, 1998).”
From Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as Foa & Hearst-Ikeda, 1996
Given the lack of strong consistent associations with more objective indicators of fragmentation, dissociation may be most clinically relevant to the extent that it functions as avoidance.
“Given the lack of strong consistent associations with more objective indicators of fragmentation, dissociation may be most clinically relevant to the extent that it functions as avoidance (e.g., Foa & Hearst-Ikeda, 1996; Wagner & Linehan, 1998).”
From Dissociation and memory fragmentation in post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of the dissociative encoding hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as Foa & Hearst-Ikeda, 1996
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- Authors
- Foa, E. B., & Hearst-Ikeda, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- ORCID
- Foa, Edna B.
- Venue
- Handbook of Dissociation
- Publisher
- Springer US
- Published
- 1996
- Pages
- 207-224
- OpenAlex
- W73273148
- Cited by
- 210
- References
- 100
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 24.13
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Springer eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Keywords
- trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, cognitive avoidance, numbing, denial, hyperarousal, self-preservation
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