Creating a strategy for progress: A contextual behavioral science approach

Vilardaga, Roger; Hayes, Steven C.; Levin, Michael E.; Muto, Takashi

doi:10.1007/bf03392178

Cited by 118Behavioral and Psychological StudiesAcademic and Historical Perspectives in PsychologyPsychology Research and Bibliometrics

Creating a strategy for progress: A contextual behavioral science approach

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Vilardaga, Roger, Hayes, Steven C., Levin, Michael E., Muto, Takashi·2009·The Behavior Analyst

DOI 10.1007/bf03392178PMC PMC2686981

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Abstract

Behavior analysis is a field dedicated to the development and application of behavioral principles to the understanding and modification of the psychological actions of organisms. As such, behavior analysis was committed from the beginning to a comprehensive account of behavior, stretching from animal learning to complex human behavior. Despite that lofty goal, basic behavior analysis is having a generally harder time finding academic support, and applied behavior analysis has narrowed its focus. In the present paper we argue that both of these trends relate to the challenge of human language and cognition, and that developments within clinical behavior analysis and the analysis of derived relational responding are providing a way forward. To take full advantage of these developments, however, we argue that behavior analysts need to articulate their unique approach to theory, to develop more flexible language systems for applied workers, and to expand their methodological flexibility. This approach, which we term contextual behavioral science, is meant as an evolutionary step that will allow behavior analysis to better capture the center of modern psychological concerns in both the basic and applied areas. Clinical behavior analysis is showing a way forward for behavior analysis to regain its vision as a comprehensive approach to behavior.

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Middle-level terms sacrifice precision to gain practical usefulness in disseminating behavioral science.
“All of these are regarded as middle-level terms, concepts that intentionally forsake high precision 2 in favor of pragmatic utility in applying and disseminating behavioral science (Hayes et al., 2012;Vilardaga et al., 2009).”
From A Process-Based Analysis of Cognitive Defusion in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (2023) · cites this paper as Vilardaga et al., 2009
The section on middle-level functional terms (page unavailable) describes them as practical shortcuts for applying behavioral principles and making behavior-analytic knowledge more accessible to non-specialists. It does not say that they intentionally sacrifice precision for that usefulness. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The fear avoidance model can be considered a more specifically focused cognitive behavioral model.
“The FA model can be considered a more specifically focused cognitive behavioral model. 82”
From The Psychological Flexibility Model: A Basis for Integration and Progress in Psychological Approaches to Chronic Pain Management (2014) · cites this paper as [82]
The fear avoidance model appears specific, includes measurable variables in defined relations, and leads to directly testable principles.
“The FA model appears specific, includes measurable variables that sit in defined relations to each other, and leads to directly testable principles. 82”
From The Psychological Flexibility Model: A Basis for Integration and Progress in Psychological Approaches to Chronic Pain Management (2014) · cites this paper as [82]
In the fear avoidance model, for some people, catastrophizing about pain-related movements leads to pain-related fear and hypervigilance, and these lead to avoidance, disability, and depression in a continuing cycle.
“In this model, for some people, catastrophizing about pain-related movements leads to painrelated fear and hypervigilance, and these lead to avoidance, disability, and depression, in a continuing cycle.”
From The Psychological Flexibility Model: A Basis for Integration and Progress in Psychological Approaches to Chronic Pain Management (2014) · cites this paper as [82]
The focus with exposure-based therapies for chronic pain tends to be the reduction of catastrophizing and fear as mediators of avoidance and disability.
“Again, the focus with exposure-based therapies for chronic pain tends to be the reduction of catastrophizing and fear as mediators of avoidance and disability. 1,82”
From The Psychological Flexibility Model: A Basis for Integration and Progress in Psychological Approaches to Chronic Pain Management (2014) · cites this paper as [82]

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A TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS THROUGH DERIVED ARBITRARY AND NONARBITRARY STIMULUS RELATIONS
Barnes, D., & Keenan, M. (1993) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1993.59-61 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
A preliminary investigation of acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for chronic skin picking
Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., & Masuda, A. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.10.002 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citation
The scientific evolution of psychology.
Kantor, J. R. (1963) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Clinical behavior analysis.
Madden, G. J., Hanley, G. P., & Dougher, M. J. (2016) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/14772-018 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Derived relational responding as generalized operant behavior.
Healy, O., Barnes-Holmes, D., & Smeets, P. M. (2000) · Journal of The Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.2000.74-207 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Assessing the field effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy: An example of the manipulated training research method
Strosahl, K. D., Hayes, S. C., Bergan, J., & Romano, P. (1998) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(98)80017-8 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-citation
The nature of theory construction in contemporary psychology.
Spence, K. W. (1944) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0060940 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Assessing relational learning deficits in perspective-taking in children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder
Rehfeldt, R. A., Dillen, J. E., Ziomek, M. M., & Kowalchuk, R. K. (2007) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03395563 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
A preliminary investigation of acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for Marijuana dependence in adults
Twohig, M. P., Shoenberger, D., & Hayes, S. C. (2007) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.2007.619-632 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citation
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE THEORY OF TESTING STATISTICAL HYPOTHESES
Neyman, J., & Pearson, E. S. (1967) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/9780520339897-010 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
THE TRANSFER OF CONTEXTUAL CONTROL OVER EQUIVALENCE CLASSES THROUGH EQUIVALENCE CLASSES: A POSSIBLE MODEL OF SOCIAL STEREOTYPING
Kohlenberg, B. S., Hayes, S. C., & Hayes, L. J. (1991) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1991.56-505 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citation
Contextual control over the derived transformation of discriminative and sexual arousal functions
Roche, B., Barnes-Holmes, D., Barnes-Holmes, Y., Smeets, P. M., & McGeady, S. (2000) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03395356 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
The role of values with personal examples in altering the functions of pain: Comparison between acceptance-based and cognitive-control-based protocols
Páez-Blarrina, M., Luciano, C., Gutiérrez-Martínez, O., Valdivia, S., Ortega, J., & Rodríguez-Valverde, M. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.10.008 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Untitled work
(2004) · Maynooth University ePrints and eTheses Archive (Maynooth University) · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self and Self-directed Rules
Barnes‐Holmes, Y., Hayes, S. C., & Dymond, S. (2005) · Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-47638-x_7 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citation
A randomized control trial examining the effect of acceptance and commitment training on clinician willingness to use evidence-based pharmacotherapy
Varra, A. A., Hayes, S. C., Roget, N., & Fisher, G. (2008) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.76.3.449 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citation
Acceptance versus distraction: Brief instructions, metaphors, and exercises in increasing tolerance for self-delivered electric shocks
McMullen, J., Barnes-Holmes, D., Barnes-Holmes, Y., Stewart, I., Luciano, C., & Cochrane, A. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.09.002 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Skinner, Creativity, and the Problem of Spontaneous Behavior
Epstein, R. (1991) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1991.tb00168.x · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Clients’ in-session acceptance and cognitive defusion behaviors in acceptance-based treatment of tinnitus distress
Hesser, H., Westin, V., Hayes, S. C., & Andersson, G. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.02.002 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citation
Finding solutions to social problems: Behavioral strategies for change.
Skinner, B. F. (1996) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10217-000 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Derived Relational Responding and Performance on Verbal Subtests of the WAIS-III
O'Hora, D., Pelaez, M., & Barnes-Holmes, D. (2005) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03395504 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Experiential avoidance as a mediator of relationships between cognitions and hair-pulling severity
Norberg, M. M., Wetterneck, C. T., Woods, D. W., & Conelea, C. A. (2007) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445506297343 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Particulars of My Life
Skinner, B. F. (1976) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Untitled work
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TRANSFORMATION OF AVOIDANCE RESPONSE FUNCTIONS IN ACCORDANCE WITH SAME AND OPPOSITE RELATIONAL FRAMES
Dymond, S., Roche, B., Forsyth, J. P., Whelan, R., & Rhoden, J. (2007) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.2007.22-07 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Behavioral Analysis
Kanfer, F. H., & Grimm, L. G. (1977) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/014544557711002 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Experimental and Applied Analysis of Human Behavior
Leslie, J. C., & Blackman, D. E. (2000) · Context Press eBooks · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Functional Contextualism
Gifford, E. V., & Hayes, S. C. (1999) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012524190-8/50012-7 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citation
Derived relational responding : applications for learners with autism and other developmental disabilities : a progressive guide to change
Rehfeldt, R. A., & Barnes‐Holmes, Y. (2009) · Cited by 73 · see citing works
TOWARD A THEORY OF VERBAL BEHAVIOR
Horne, P. J., & Lowe, C. F. (1997) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1997.68-271 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Connecting Positive Psychology and Organizational Behavior Management
Wiegand, D. M., & Geller, E. S. (2005) · Journal of Organizational Behavior Management · doi:10.1300/j075v24n01_02 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
REVIEWER'S COMMENT: JUST BECAUSE IT'S RELIABLE DOESN'T MEAN THAT YOU CAN USE IT
Baer, D. M. (1977) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1977.10-117 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Mindfulness from the bottom up: Providing an inductive framework for understanding mindfulness processes and their application to human suffering
Hayes, S. C., & Plumb, J. C. (2007) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/10478400701598314 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
The ABCs of Human Behavior: Behavioral Principles for the Practicing Clinician
Ramnerö, J., & Törneke, N. (2008) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Citation Analysis of Skinner’s Verbal Behavior: 1984–2004
Dymond, S., O’Hora, D. P., Whelan, R., & O’Donovan, A. (2006) · The Behavior Analyst · doi:10.1007/bf03392118 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Investigations in Behavioral Epistemology
Hayes, L., & Ghezzi, P. (2003) · Behavior and philosophy · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Avoiding and Altering Rule-Control as a Strategy of Clinical Intervention
Hayes, S. C., Kohlenberg, B. S., & Melancon, S. M. (1989) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0447-1_10 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citation
Extended analysis of empirical citations with Skinner’s Verbal Behavior: 1984–2004
Dixon, M. R., Small, S. L., & Rosales, R. (2007) · The Behavior Analyst · doi:10.1007/bf03392155 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
A Comparison of Contextual and Biomedical Models of Stigma Reduction for Depression With a Nonclinical Undergraduate Sample
Rusch, L. C., Kanter, J. W., & Brondino, M. J. (2009) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e318192416f · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Constructing Nonviolent Cultures in Schools: The State of the Science
Erickson, C., Mattaini, M. A., & MCGUIRE, M. (2004) · Children & Schools · doi:10.1093/cs/26.2.102 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
PUBLICATION TRENDS IN 25 YEARS OF THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS
Northup, J., Vollmer, T. R., & Serrett, K. (1993) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1993.26-527 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
A Relational Frame Account of the Development of Complex Cognitive Phenomena: Perspective-taking, False Belief Understanding, and Deception
McHugh, L., Barnes‐Holmes, Y., & Barnes‐Holmes, D. (2004) · Maynooth University ePrints and eTheses Archive (Maynooth University) · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Values and the scientific culture of behavior analysis
Ruiz, M. R., & Roche, B. T. (2007) · The Behavior Analyst · doi:10.1007/bf03392139 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
A Case History in Scientific Method.
Skinner, B. F. (2007) · Appleton-Century-Crofts eBooks · doi:10.1037/11324-007 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
RELATIONAL OPERANTS: PROCESSES AND IMPLICATIONS: A RESPONSE TO PALMER'S REVIEW OF RELATIONAL FRAME THEORY
Hayes, S. C., & Barnes‐Holmes, D. (2004) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.2004.82-213 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citation
A Relational Frame Theory account of empathy.
Vilardaga, R. (2009) · International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy · doi:10.1037/h0100879 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citation
Relational Frame Theory and Analogical Reasoning: Empirical Investigations
Stewart, I., & Barnes‐Holmes, D. (2004) · Maynooth University ePrints and eTheses Archive (Maynooth University) · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Contextualistic Mechanism or Mechanistic Contextualism?: The Straw Machine As Tar Baby
Marr, M. J. (1993) · The Behavior Analyst · doi:10.1007/bf03392611 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Understanding False Belief as Generalized Operant Behavior
McHugh, L., Barnes‐Holmes, Y., Barnes‐Holmes, Y., & Stewart, I. (2006) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03395554 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Rule-Governed Behavior and Organizational Behavior Management
Malott, R. W., Shimamune, S., & Malott, M. E. (1993) · Journal of Organizational Behavior Management · doi:10.1300/j075v12n02_09 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
More Than a Thousand Words: Graphics for Clinical Practice
Mattaini, M. A. (1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Correcting methodological weaknesses in the knowledge base used to derive practice standards.
Follette, W. C. (1995) · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Engineering Discovery Learning: The Contingency Adduction of Some Precursors of Textual Responding in a Beginning Reading Program
Layng, T. V. J., Twyman, J. S., & Stikeleather, G. (2004) · The Analysis of Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1007/bf03392997 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION TRENDS OF JABA AUTHORSHIP
Dymond, S., Clarke, S., Dunlap, G., et al. (2000) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.2000.33-339 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Structural and Functional Approaches to Psychopathology and Case Formulation
Sturmey, P., Ward‐Horner, J. C., Marroquin, M., & Doran, E. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012372544-8/50002-1 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
GENERIC RESPONSE CLASSES AND RELATIONAL FRAME THEORY: RESPONSE TO HAYES AND BARNES‐HOLMES
Palmer, D. C. (2004) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.2004.82-225 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Getting to dissemination
Hayes, S. C. (2002) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.9.4.410 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
ACT, RFT, and contextual behavioral science
Levin, M. E., & Hayes, S. C. (2009) · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citation
THE JOURNAL OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR AT FIFTY
Laties, V. G. (2008) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.2008.89-95 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
AN ANALYSIS OF TRENDS IN JABA AUTHORSHIP
Dunlap, G., Clarke, S., & Reyes, L. (1998) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1998.31-497 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Untitled work
(2004) · Maynooth University ePrints and eTheses Archive (Maynooth University) · Cited by 18 · see citing works
BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS: THRIVING, BUT HOW ABOUT ITS FUTURE?
Fantino, E. J. (2008) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.2008.89-125 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Trends in presentations at the annual conference of the Association for Behavior Analysis
Kangas, B. D., & Vaidya, M. (2007) · The Behavior Analyst · doi:10.1007/bf03392150 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Functional contextualism and the self.
Hayes, S. C., & Gregg, J. (2004) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10391-012 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citation
Relational frame theory: A post‐Skinnerian account of human language and cognition Edited by Steven C. Hayes, Dermot Barnes‐Holmes & Bryan Roche
Tonneau, F. (2004) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1348/000712604773952467 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Applied extensions of behavior principles: Applied behavioral concepts and behavioral theories
Shenk, C. E., & Vilardaga, R. (2007) · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citation
Behavioral Analysis: An Alternative to Diagnostic Classification
Kanfer, F. H., & Saslow, G. (1974) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-017738-0.50010-7 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
In response
Leigland, S. (2003) · The Behavior Analyst · doi:10.1007/bf03392083 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Post-skinnerian, post-skinner, or neo-skinnerian? Hayes, Barnes-Holmes, and Roche’s
Ingvarsson, E. T., & Morris, E. K. (2004) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03395488 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Clinical studies in behavior therapy with children, adolescents and their families
(1974) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(74)80032-8 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Selectionism, relational learning and radical application
Leslie, J. C. (2000) · Context Press eBooks · Cited by 5 · see citing works
JEAB AND THE SKINNERIAN INTERPRETATION OF BEHAVIOR
Wixted, J. T. (2008) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.2008.89-137 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Comments on the 1950s Applications and Extensions of Skinner’s operant psychology
Morris, E. K. (2003) · The Behavior Analyst · doi:10.1007/bf03392082 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Establecimiento en niños pequeños de comportamiento relacional de acuerdo a más-qué y menos-qué como conducta operante generalizada.
Barnes‐Holmes, Y., Barnes‐Holmes, Y., Smeets, P. M., et al. (2004) · Revista internacional de psicología y terapia psicológica/Revista internacional de psicología y terapia psicológica · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Rethinking first foods.
Paul, P. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 1 · see citing works
ERRATUM
(1993) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1901/jeab.1993.60-16 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 16

[8]8. Barnes-Holmes, D., Cochrane, A., Barnes- Holmes, Y., Stewart, I., & McHugh, L. (2004). Aceptacio ´n psicolo ´gica: Ana ´lisis experimental e interpretaciones teo ´ricas. International Journal of Psychology & Psy- chological Therapy, 4, 517-530.
[10]10. Barnes-Holmes, Y., Barnes-Holmes, D., Smeets, P. M., Strand, P., & Friman, P. (2004). Establecimiento en nin ˜os pequen ˜os de comportamiento relacional de acuerdo a ma ´s-que y menos-que como conducta oper- ante generalizada. International Journal of Psychology & Psychological Therapy, 4, 531-558.
[19]19. Burgos, J. E., & Donahoe, J. W. (2000). Structure and function in selectionism: Implications for complex behavior. In J. C. Leslie & D. Blackman (Eds.), Experi- mental and applied analysis of human behav- ior (pp. 39-57). Reno, NV: Context Press.
[20]20. Chantry, D. (2007). Talking ACT: Notes and conversations on acceptance and commitment therapy. Reno, NV: Context Press.
[23]23. Dahl, J., Lundgren, T. (2007, May). Bull's eye, validity and reliability. In J. Plumb (Chair), Engaging in life: Values and valued action as catalysts for change. Symposium conducted at the annual convention of the Association for Behavior Analysis, San Diego.
[37]37. Fisher, R. A. (1935). The design of experi- ments. Oxford, UK: Oliver & Boyd.
[60]60. Hayes, S. C., & Hayes, L. J. (1992a). Under- standing verbal relations. Reno, NV: Context Press.
[62]62. Hayes, S. C., Hayes, L. J., & Reese, H. W. (1988). Finding the philosophical core: A review of Stephen C. Pepper's World Hypotheses. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 50, 97-111.
[63]63. Hayes, S. C., Hayes, L. J., Reese, H. W., & Sarbin, T. R. (1993). Varieties of scientific contextualism. Reno, NV: Context Press.
[95]95. Leigland, S. (1997). Systems and theories in behavior analytic science: An overview of alternatives. In L. Hayes & P. M. Ghezzi (Eds.), Investigations in behavioral epistemol- ogy (pp. 11-31). Reno, NV: Context Press.
[99]99. Lillis, J. (2008). Acceptance and commitment therapy for the treatment of obesity-related stigma and sustained weight loss. Unpub- lished doctoral dissertation, University of Nevada, Reno.
[118]118. Muto, T. (2008, May). Switch your clinical- psychological OS!: From DSM to ''turtle.'' In E. Sandoz (Chair), Beyond categorical thinking: Using the hexaflex for diagnosis, assessment, and intervention. Workshop conducted at the fourth ACT Summer Institute, Chicago.
[126]126. Parrott, L. J. (1983). Systematic foundations for the concept of private events: A critique. In N. M. Smith, P. T. Mountjoy, & D. Ruben (Eds.), Radical reassessment in psy- chology: The interbehavioral alternative (pp. 251-268). New York: University of America Press.
[132]132. Richelle, M. (2000). Walden Two at fifty. In J. C. Leslie & D. Blackman (Eds.), Experi- mental and applied analysis of human behav- ior (pp. 313-322). Reno, NV: Context Press.
[139]139. Skinner, B. F. (1948). Walden two. Oxford, UK: Macmillan.
[154]154. Tonneau, F. (2004). Book review: Relational Frame Theory: A Post-Skinnerian Account of Human Language and Cognition. British Journal of Psychology, 95, 265-268.

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“Psychological flexibility is usually defined in middle-level terms, which are higher-level functional abstractions that serve as shortcuts for applying basic principles to complex applied settings (Vilardaga et al., 2009).”
Background
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Masuda, A., Morgan, L., Spencer, S. D., Qinaʻau, J., & Jo, D. (2022) · The Oxford Handbook of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197550076.013.30 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
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Vančová, A., & Nagyová, K. (2019) · CBU International Conference Proceedings · doi:10.12955/cbup.v7.1438 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Authors: Vilardaga, R., Hayes, S. C., Levin, M. E., & Muto, T.
Affiliations: University of Nevada, Reno (US)
Ritsumeikan University (JP)
Corresponding author: Vilardaga, Roger
ORCID: Vilardaga, Roger
Hayes, Steven C.
Levin, Michael E.
Muto, Takashi
Venue: The Behavior Analyst
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2009-04
Volume: 32
Issue: 1
Pages: 105-133
ISSN: 0738-6729 (ISSN-L)
2196-8918
DOI: 10.1007/bf03392178
PMC: PMC2686981
OpenAlex: W2626029674
Cited by: 118
References: 175
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 12.88
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: The Behavior Analyst (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA017868)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › General Psychology › Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
Keywords: contextual behavioral science, clinical behavior analysis, derived relational responding, applied behavior analysis, behavioral theory, methodological flexibility

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Creating a strategy for progress: A contextual behavioral science approach

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