Exercise intensity and insulin sensitivity: how low can you go?
Open accessThe claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Regular exercise is associated with improved muscle insulin sensitivity and represents an effective strategy to prevent type 2 diabetes.
“regular exercise is associated with improved muscle insulin sensitivity and thus represents an effective strategy to prevent T2D (Hawley and Gibala 2009).”
From Towards the minimal amount of exercise for improving metabolic health: beneficial effects of reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (2012) · cites this paper as Hawley and Gibala 2009
The relatively high exertion associated with classic high-intensity interval training sessions requires strong motivation and may be perceived as too strenuous for many sedentary individuals.
“the relatively high exertion associated with 'classic' HIT sessions requires strong motivation and may be perceived as too strenuous for many sedentary individuals (Hawley and Gibala 2009).”
From Towards the minimal amount of exercise for improving metabolic health: beneficial effects of reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training (2012) · cites this paper as Hawley and Gibala 2009
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Mootha, V. K., Lindgren, C. M., Eriksson, K.-F., Subramanian, A., Sihag, S., Lehar, J., Puigserver, P., Carlsson, E., Ridderstråle, M., Laurila, E., et al. (2003) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1180 · Cited by 10,197 · see citing works
Global Burden of Diabetes, 1995–2025: Prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections
King, H. O. M., Aubert, R. E., & Herman, W. H. (1998) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.21.9.1414 · Cited by 6,267 · see citing works
Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic
Zimmet, P., Alberti, K. G. M. M., & Shaw, J. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/414782a · Cited by 5,883 · see citing works
American College of Sports Medicine position stand
Otis, C. L. (1997) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,407 · see citing works
Pollock, M. L., Gaesser, G. A., Butcher, J. D., Despr??s, J.-P., Dishman, R. K., Franklin, B. A., & Garber, C. E. (1998) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199806000-00032 · Cited by 3,051 · see citing works
Correlates of adults??? participation in physical activity: review and update
TROST, S. G., OWEN, N., BAUMAN, A. E., SALLIS, J. F., & BROWN, W. (2002) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200212000-00020 · Cited by 3,040 · see citing works
Wisløff, U., Støylen, A., Loennechen, J. P., Bruvold, M., Rognmo, Ø., Haram, P. M., Tjønna, A. E., Helgerud, J., Slørdahl, S. A., Lee, S. J., et al. (2007) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.675041 · Cited by 1,996 · see citing works
Evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in chronic disease
Pedersen, B. K., & Saltin, B. (2006) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00520.x · Cited by 1,384 · see citing works
Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in developing countries.
Misra, A., & Khurana, L. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1595 · Cited by 1,332 · see citing works
Burgomaster, K. A., Howarth, K. R., Phillips, S. M., Rakobowchuk, M., MacDonald, M. J., McGee, S. L., & Gibala, M. J. (2008) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2007.142109 · Cited by 1,257 · see citing works
Self-citationTjønna, A. E., Lee, S. J., Rognmo, Ø., Stølen, T. O., Bye, A., Haram, P. M., Loennechen, J. P., Al-Share, Q. Y., Skogvoll, E., Slørdahl, S. A., et al. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.772822 · Cited by 1,145 · see citing works
Objectively Measured Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Metabolic Risk
Healy, G. N., Wijndaele, K., Dunstan, D. W., Shaw, J. E., Salmon, J., Zimmet, P. Z., & Owen, N. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-1795 · Cited by 1,100 · see citing works
Gibala, M. J., Little, J. P., Van Essen, M., Wilkin, G. P., Burgomaster, K. A., Safdar, A., Raha, S., & Tarnopolsky, M. A. (2006) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.112094 · Cited by 1,082 · see citing works
Self-citationExercise, Glucose Transport, and Insulin Sensitivity
Goodyear, L. J., & Kahn, B. B. (1998) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev.med.49.1.235 · Cited by 1,056 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health
(1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.276.3.241 · Cited by 1,001 · see citing works
The determinants of physical activity and exercise.
(1985) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 943 · see citing works
Burgomaster, K. A., Hughes, S. C., Heigenhauser, G. J. F., Bradwel, S. N., & Gibala, M. J. (2005) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01095.2004 · Cited by 856 · see citing works
Self-citationSnowling, N. J., & Hopkins, W. G. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-1317 · Cited by 813 · see citing works
Wei, M., Gibbons, L. W., Kampert, J. B., Nichaman, M. Z., & Blair, S. N. (2000) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-132-8-200004180-00002 · Cited by 709 · see citing works
Waging war on modern chronic diseases: primary prevention through exercise biology
Booth, F. W., Gordon, S. E., Carlson, C. J., & Hamilton, M. T. (2000) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.2000.88.2.774 · Cited by 693 · see citing works
Gibala, M. J., & McGee, S. L. (2008) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1097/jes.0b013e318168ec1f · Cited by 682 · see citing works
Self-citationHaddad, E., Wells, G. A., Sigal, R. J., Boul�, N. G., & Kenny, G. P. (2003) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-003-1160-2 · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Effect of the volume and intensity of exercise training on insulin sensitivity
Houmard, J. A., Tanner, C. J., Slentz, C. A., Duscha, B. D., McCartney, J. S., & Kraus, W. E. (2004) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00707.2003 · Cited by 568 · see citing works
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN OVERWEIGHT AND NON-OVERWEIGHT PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN
Trost, S. G., Sirard, J. R., Dowda, M. C., Pfeiffer, K. A., & Pate, R. R. (2002) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802311 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
King, A. C., Haskell, W. L., Young, D. R., Oka, R. K., & Stefanick, M. L. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.91.10.2596 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Exercise training‐induced improvements in insulin action
Hawley, J. A., & Lessard, S. J. (2008) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01783.x · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Self-citationCardiovascular responses to exercise. Effects of aging and exercise training in healthy men
Stratton, J. R., Levy, W. C., Cerqueira, M. D., Schwartz, R. S., & Abrass, I. B. (1994) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.89.4.1648 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Revealing the cost of Type II diabetes in Europe
Jönsson, B. (2002) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-002-0858-x · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Babraj, J. A., Vollaard, N. B., Keast, C., Guppy, F. M., Cottrell, G., & Timmons, J. A. (2009) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/1472-6823-9-3 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Perri, M. G., Anton, S. D., Durning, P. E., Ketterson, T. U., Sydeman, S. J., Berlant, N. E., Kanasky, W. F., Newton, R. L., Limacher, M. C., & Martin, A. D. (2002) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.21.5.452 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Johnson, J. L., Slentz, C. A., Houmard, J. A., Samsa, G. P., Duscha, B. D., Aiken, L. B., McCartney, J. S., Tanner, C. J., & Kraus, W. E. (2007) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2007.07.027 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Exercise as a therapeutic intervention for the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance
Hawley, J. A. (2004) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.505 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Self-citationEndurance training in older men and women. I. Cardiovascular responses to exercise
Seals, D. R., Hagberg, J. M., Hurley, B. F., Ehsani, A. A., & Holloszy, J. O. (1984) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1984.57.4.1024 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Rakobowchuk, M., Tanguay, S., Burgomaster, K. A., Howarth, K. R., Gibala, M. J., & MacDonald, M. J. (2008) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00069.2008 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Self-citationSchjerve, I. E., Tyldum, G. A., Tjønna, A. E., Stølen, T., Loennechen, J. P., Hansen, H. E. M., Haram, P. M., Heinrich, G., Bye, A., Najjar, S. M., et al. (2008) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20070332 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Metabolic Responses to Reduced Daily Steps in Healthy Nonexercising Men
(2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.299.11.1259 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Effects of Endurance Training on Glucose Tolerance and Plasma Lipid Levels in Older Men and Women
Seals, D. R. (1984) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1984.03350050033022 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Reduced physical activity and risk of chronic disease: the biology behind the consequences
Booth, F. W., Laye, M. J., Lees, S. J., Rector, R. S., & Thyfault, J. P. (2007) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-007-0606-5 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Hansen, D., Dendale, P., Jonkers, R. A. M., Beelen, M., Manders, R. J. F., Corluy, L., Mullens, A., Berger, J., Meeusen, R., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2009) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-009-1354-3 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Kang, J., Robertson, R. J., Hagberg, J. M., Kelley, D. E., Goss, F. L., DaSilva, S. G., Suminski, R. R., Jr., & Utter, A. C. (1996) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.19.4.341 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
High-intensity interval training: A time-efficient strategy for health promotion?
Gibala, M. J. (2007) · Current Sports Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s11932-007-0033-8 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Self-citationDwyer, T., Magnussen, C. G., Schmidt, M. D., Ukoumunne, O. C., Ponsonby, A., Raitakari, O. T., Zimmet, P., Blair, S. N., Thomson, R. J., Cleland, V. J., et al. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-1638 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Braun, B., Zimmermann, M. B., & Kretchmer, N. (1995) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1995.78.1.300 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Godin, G., Desharnais, R., Valois, P., Lepage, L., Jobin, J., & Bradet, R. (1994) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/0890-1171-8.4.279 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Dietary Quality Is Associated with Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors
McNaughton, S. A., Dunstan, D. W., Ball, K., Shaw, J. E., & Crawford, D. A. (2009) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.108.096784 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Glycemic Status, and Mortality Risk in Men
Kohl, H. W., Gordon, N. F., Villegas, J. A., & Blair, S. N. (1992) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.15.2.184 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Modest Exercise Prevents the Progressive Disease Associated with Physical Inactivity
Slentz, C. A., Houmard, J. A., & Kraus, W. E. (2007) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1249/01.jes.0000240019.07502.01 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bartlett, J. D., Close, G. L., MacLaren, D. P. M., Gregson, W., Drust, B., & Morton, J. P. (2011) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2010.545427 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
Whyte, L. J., Gill, J. M. R., & Cathcart, A. J. (2010) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2010.01.002 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
Metcalfe, R. S., Babraj, J. A., Fawkner, S. G., & Vollaard, N. B. J. (2012) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-011-2254-z · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Bakrania, K., Edwardson, C. L., Bodicoat, D. H., Esliger, D. W., Gill, J. M. R., Kazi, A., Velayudhan, L., Sinclair, A. J., Sattar, N., Biddle, S. J. H., et al. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-2694-9 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Belli, T., Ribeiro, L. F. P., Ackermann, M. A., Baldissera, V., Gobatto, C. A., & Galdino da Silva, R. (2011) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2011.05.007 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Snijders, T., Verdijk, L. B., Hansen, D., Dendale, P., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2011) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.21891 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Martin, J. S., Padilla, J., Jenkins, N. T., Crissey, J. M., Bender, S. B., Rector, R. S., Thyfault, J. P., & Laughlin, M. H. (2012) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00823.2012 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hawley, J. A., & Gibala, M. J.
- Affiliations
- RMIT University (AU)
- McMaster University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Hawley, J. A.
- Venue
- Diabetologia
- Published
- 2009-06-26
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1709-1713
- ISSN
- 0012-186X (ISSN-L)
- 1432-0428
- OpenAlex
- W1997861079
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 3.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Diabetologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Diabetes Australia Research Trust
- Diabetes Australia
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Australian Research Council (DP0663862)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- exercise intensity, insulin sensitivity, type 2 diabetes, physical inactivity, cardiorespiratory fitness, sedentary lifestyle, diabetes mortality, energy intake
- MeSH terms
- Bicycling, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Glucose Tolerance Test, Health Status, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Cholesterol, LDL, Middle Aged, Skiing, Global Health, Prevalence, Walking, Exercise Tolerance
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
