The role of brain barriers in fluid movement in the CNS: is there a ‘glymphatic’ system?

A Paravascular Pathway Facilitates CSF Flow Through the Brain Parenchyma and the Clearance of Interstitial Solutes, Including Amyloid β

Iliff, J. J., Wang, M., Liao, Y., Plogg, B. A., Peng, W., Gundersen, G. A., Benveniste, H., Vates, G. E., Deane, R., Goldman, S. A., et al. (2012) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3003748 · Cited by 5,824

Astrocyte-endothelial interactions at the blood-brain barrier

Abbott, N. J., Rönnbäck, L., & Hansson, E. (2006) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1824 · Cited by 5,595

Sleep Drives Metabolite Clearance from the Adult Brain

Xie, L., Kang, H., Xu, Q., Chen, M. J., Liao, Y., Thiyagarajan, M., O’Donnell, J., Christensen, D. J., Nicholson, C., Iliff, J. J., et al. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1241224 · Cited by 5,411

Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels

Louveau, A., Smirnov, I., Keyes, T. J., Eccles, J. D., Rouhani, S. J., Peske, J. D., Derecki, N. C., Castle, D., Mandell, J. W., Lee, K. S., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14432 · Cited by 4,413

Neuropathological alterations in Alzheimer disease

Serrano-Pozo, A., Frosch, M. P., Masliah, E., & Hyman, B. T. (2011) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a006189 · Cited by 3,345

JUNCTIONS BETWEEN INTIMATELY APPOSED CELL MEMBRANES IN THE VERTEBRATE BRAIN

Brightman, M., & Reese, T. S. (1969) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.40.3.648 · Cited by 2,457

A dural lymphatic vascular system that drains brain interstitial fluid and macromolecules

Aspelund, A., Antila, S., Proulx, S. T., Karlsen, T. V., Karaman, S., Detmar, M., Wiig, H., & Alitalo, K. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20142290 · Cited by 2,198

The glymphatic system: a beginner's guide

Jessen, N. A., Munk, A. S. F., Lundgaard, I., & Nedergaard, M. (2015) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-015-1581-6 · Cited by 2,075

The Pathobiology of Vascular Dementia

Iadecola, C. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.10.008 · Cited by 1,857

Signaling Mechanisms Regulating Endothelial Permeability

Mehta, D., & Malik, A. B. (2005) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00012.2005 · Cited by 1,754

Untitled work

(1991) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,512

Diffusion in Brain Extracellular Space

Syková, E., & Nicholson, C. (2008) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00027.2007 · Cited by 1,481

Specialized Membrane Domains for Water Transport in Glial Cells: High-Resolution Immunogold Cytochemistry of Aquaporin-4 in Rat Brain

Nielsen, S. M., Nagelhus, E. A., Amiry-Moghaddam, M. R., Bourque, C. W., Agre, P. C., & Ottersen, O. P. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-01-00171.1997 · Cited by 1,440

Brain-wide pathway for waste clearance captured by contrast-enhanced MRI

Iliff, J. J., Lee, H., Yu, M., Feng, T., Logan, J., Nedergaard, M., & Benveniste, H. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci67677 · Cited by 1,148

Delivery of insulin-like growth factor-I to the rat brain and spinal cord along olfactory and trigeminal pathways following intranasal administration

Thorne, R. G., Pronk, G. J., Padmanabhan, V., & Frey, W. H. (2004) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.05.029 · Cited by 958

Blood–brain barrier structure and function and the challenges for CNS drug delivery

Abbott, N. J. (2013) · Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease · doi:10.1007/s10545-013-9608-0 · Cited by 951

Enlarged perivascular spaces on MRI are a feature of cerebral small vessel disease

Doubal, F. N., MacLullich, A. M. J., Ferguson, K. J., Dennis, M. S., & Wardlaw, J. M. (2010) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.109.564914 · Cited by 904

The perivascular astroglial sheath provides a complete covering of the brain microvessels: An electron microscopic 3D reconstruction

Mathiisen, T. M., Lehre, K. P., Danbolt, N. C., & Ottersen, O. (2010) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20990 · Cited by 893

The movers and shapers in immune privilege of the CNS

Engelhardt, B., Vajkoczy, P., & Weller, R. O. (2017) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.3666 · Cited by 893

A new look at cerebrospinal fluid circulation

Brinker, T., Stopa, E., Morrison, J., & Klinge, P. (2014) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/2045-8118-11-10 · Cited by 819

Molecular physiology and pathophysiology of tight junctions in the blood–brain barrier

Huber, J. D., Egleton, R. D., & Davis, T. P. (2001) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)02004-x · Cited by 790

Evidence for bulk flow of brain interstitial fluid: significance for physiology and pathology

Abbott, N. J. (2004) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2003.11.006 · Cited by 786

Ion diffusion modified by tortuosity and volume fraction in the extracellular microenvironment of the rat cerebellum.

Nicholson, C., & Phillips, J. M. (1981) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1981.sp013981 · Cited by 785

What is immune privilege (not)?

Galea, I., Bechmann, I., & Perry, V. H. (2007) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2006.11.004 · Cited by 768

Growth factors in the extracellular matrix.

Taipale, J., & Keski‐Oja, J. (1997) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.11.1.9034166 · Cited by 759

Evidence for a ‘Paravascular’ fluid circulation in the mammalian central nervous system, provided by the rapid distribution of tracer protein throughout the brain from the subarachnoid space

Rennels, M. L., Gregory, T. F., Blaumanis, O. R., Fujimoto, K., & Grady, P. A. (1985) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)91383-6 · Cited by 752

Aquaporin‐4 facilitates reabsorption of excess fluid in vasogenic brain edema

Papadopoulos, M. C., Manley, G. T., Krishna, S., & Verkman, A. S. (2004) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.04-1723fje · Cited by 749

Garbage Truck of the Brain

Nedergaard, M. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1240514 · Cited by 718

Molecular characterization of an aquaporin cDNA from brain: candidate osmoreceptor and regulator of water balance.

Jung, J. S., Bhat, R. V., Preston, G. M., Guggino, W. B., Baraban, J. M., & Agre, P. C. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.26.13052 · Cited by 714

Homo naledi, a new species of the genus Homo from the Dinaledi chamber. South Africa.

Berger, L. R., Hawks, J., de Ruiter, D. J., Churchill, S. E., Schmid, P., Delezene, L. K., Kivell, T. L., Garvin, H. M., Williams, S. A., DeSilva, J. M., et al. (2015) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.09560 · Cited by 703

SYMPOSIUM: Clearance of Aβ from the Brain in Alzheimer's Disease: Perivascular Drainage of Amyloid‐β Peptides from the Brain and Its Failure in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Alzheimer's Disease

Weller, R. O., Subash, M., Preston, S., Mazanti, I., & Carare, R. O. (2008) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2008.00133.x · Cited by 697

Solutes, but not cells, drain from the brain parenchyma along basement membranes of capillaries and arteries: significance for cerebral amyloid angiopathy and neuroimmunology

Carare, R. O., Bernardes‐Silva, M., Newman, T. A., Page, A. M., Nicoll, J. A. R., Perry, V. H., & Weller, R. O. (2008) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2007.00926.x · Cited by 665

In vivo diffusion analysis with quantum dots and dextrans predicts the width of brain extracellular space

Thorne, R. G., & Nicholson, C. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0509425103 · Cited by 641

Mechanisms of fluid movement into, through and out of the brain: evaluation of the evidence

Hladky, S. B., & Barrand, M. A. (2014) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/2045-8118-11-26 · Cited by 633

Physiology of the cerebro-spinal fluid

(1967) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.43.501.508 · Cited by 620

Tight junctions and the modulation of barrier function in disease

Förster, C. Y. (2008) · Histochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1007/s00418-008-0424-9 · Cited by 617

Dystroglycan: from biosynthesis to pathogenesis of human disease

Barresi, R., & Campbell, K. P. (2006) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.02814 · Cited by 608

Brain barriers: Crosstalk between complex tight junctions and adherens junctions

Tietz, S., & Engelhardt, B. (2015) · Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.201412147 · Cited by 551

Aquaporins in Brain: Distribution, Physiology, and Pathophysiology

Badaut, J., Lasbennes, F., Magistretti, P. J., & Regli, L. (2002) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/00004647-200204000-00001 · Cited by 536

CSF drains directly from the subarachnoid space into nasal lymphatics in the rat. Anatomy, histology and immunological significance

Kida, S., Pantazis, A., & Weller, R. O. (1993) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.1993.tb00476.x · Cited by 520

Endothelial Cell Laminin Isoforms, Laminins 8 and 10, Play Decisive Roles in T Cell Recruitment across the Blood–Brain Barrier in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Sixt, M., Engelhardt, B., Pausch, F., Hallmann, R., Wendler, O., & Sorokin, L. M. (2001) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.153.5.933 · Cited by 504

Interrelationships of the pia mater and the perivascular (Virchow-Robin) spaces in the human cerebrum.

(1990) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 463

THE IMPACT OF P-GLYCOPROTEIN ON THE DISPOSITION OF DRUGS TARGETED FOR INDICATIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: EVALUATION USING THE MDR1A/1B KNOCKOUT MOUSE MODEL

Doran, A. C., Obach, R. S., Smith, B. J., Hosea, N. A., Becker, S. L., Callegari, E., Chen, C., Chen, X., Choo, E. F., Cianfrogna, J. A., et al. (2004) · Drug Metabolism and Disposition · doi:10.1124/dmd.104.001230 · Cited by 443

Ultrastructural analysis of adult mouse neocortex comparing aldehyde perfusion with cryo fixation

Korogod, N., Petersen, C. C., & Knott, G. W. (2015) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.05793 · Cited by 408

Inspiration is the major regulator of human CSF flow.

Dreha-Kulaczewski, S., Joseph, A. A., Merboldt, K.-D., Ludwig, H.-C., Gärtner, J., & Frahm, J. (2015) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3246-14.2015 · Cited by 405 · cited 1×

Changes in the composition of brain interstitial ions control the sleep-wake cycle

Ding, F., O’Donnell, J., Xu, Q., Kang, N., Goldman, N., & Nedergaard, M. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aad4821 · Cited by 393

The Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Cerebrospinal Fluid

Harik, S. I. (1988) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.38.1.173-a · Cited by 389

Is There a Cerebral Lymphatic System?

Iliff, J. J., & Nedergaard, M. (2013) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.112.678698 · Cited by 377

Ascorbic-acid transporter Slc23a1 is essential for vitamin C transport into the brain and for perinatal survival

Sotiriou, S., Gispert, S., Cheng, J., Wang, Y., Chen, A., Hoogstraten-Miller, S., Miller, G. F., Kwon, O., Levine, M., Guttentag, S. H., et al. (2002) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/0502-514 · Cited by 367

Test of the 'glymphatic' hypothesis demonstrates diffusive and aquaporin-4-independent solute transport in rodent brain parenchyma

Smith, A. J., Yao, X., Dix, J. A., Jin, B.-J., & Verkman, A. S. (2017) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.27679 · Cited by 362

Vascular, glial, and lymphatic immune gateways of the central nervous system

Engelhardt, B., Carare, R. O., Bechmann, I., Flügel, A., Laman, J. D., & Weller, R. O. (2016) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-016-1606-5 · Cited by 362

Drainage of interstitial fluid from different regions of rat brain

Szentistvanyi, I., Patlak, C. S., Ellis, R. A., & Cserr, H. F. (1984) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.1984.246.6.f835 · Cited by 355

The Intracerebral Movement of Proteins Injected into Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Mice

Brightman, M. (1968) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)64147-3 · Cited by 351

Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Cerebrospinal Fluid

Davson, H., Welch, K., & Segal, M. B. (1987) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 347

Glial-conditional deletion of aquaporin-4 ( Aqp4 ) reduces blood–brain water uptake and confers barrier function on perivascular astrocyte endfeet

Haj‐Yasein, N. N., Vindedal, G. F., Eilert‐Olsen, M., Gundersen, G. A., Skare, Ø., Laake, P., Klungland, A., Thorén, A. E., Burkhardt, J. M., Ottersen, O. P., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1110655108 · Cited by 344

Immunologic Privilege in the Central Nervous System and the Blood–Brain Barrier

Muldoon, L. L., Alvarez, J. I., Begley, D. J., Boado, R. J., del Zoppo, G. J., Doolittle, N. D., Engelhardt, B., Hallenbeck, J. M., Lonser, R. R., Ohlfest, J. R., et al. (2012) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2012.153 · Cited by 342

Cortical neurons immunoreactive for the potassium channel Kv3.1b subunit are predominantly surrounded by perineuronal nets presumed as a buffering system for cations

Härtig, W., Derouiche, A., Welt, K., Brauer, K., Grosche, J., Mäder, M., Reichenbach, A., & Brückner, G. (1999) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01784-9 · Cited by 339

Drainage of cerebral interstitial fluid into deep cervical lymph of the rabbit

Bradbury, M. W., Cserr, H. F., & Westrop, R. J. (1981) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.1981.240.4.f329 · Cited by 335

Efflux of radiolabeled polyethylene glycols and albumin from rat brain

Cserr, H. F., Cooper, D. N., Suri, P. K., & Patlak, C. S. (1981) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.1981.240.4.f319 · Cited by 323

EXPERIMENTAL HYDROCEPHALUS

DANDY, W. E. (1919) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-191908000-00001 · Cited by 323

Integration of the subarachnoid space and lymphatics: Is it time to embrace a new concept of cerebrospinal fluid absorption?

Koh, L., Zakharov, A., & Johnston, M. G. (2005) · Cerebrospinal Fluid Research · doi:10.1186/1743-8454-2-6 · Cited by 304

Fluid and ion transfer across the blood–brain and blood–cerebrospinal fluid barriers; a comparative account of mechanisms and roles

Hladky, S. B., & Barrand, M. A. (2016) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-016-0040-3 · Cited by 304

Diffusion of Macromolecules in the Brain: Implications for Drug Delivery

Wolak, D. J., & Thorne, R. G. (2013) · Molecular Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1021/mp300495e · Cited by 299

Physiology of the Cerebrospinal Fluid

Bering, E. A. (1967) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1967.03130250094035 · Cited by 296

Vascular basement membranes as pathways for the passage of fluid into and out of the brain

Morris, A. W. J., Sharp, M. M., Albargothy, N. J., Fernandes, R., Hawkes, C. A., Verma, A., Weller, R. O., & Carare, R. O. (2016) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-016-1555-z · Cited by 289

Glymphatic solute transport does not require bulk flow

Asgari, M., de Zélicourt, D., & Kurtcuoglu, V. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep38635 · Cited by 286

Interstitial solute transport in 3D reconstructed neuropil occurs by diffusion rather than bulk flow

Holter, K. E., Kehlet, B., Devor, A., Sejnowski, T. J., Dale, A. M., Omholt, S. W., Ottersen, O. P., Nagelhus, E. A., Mardal, K.-A., & Pettersen, K. H. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1706942114 · Cited by 282

Pathways of Fluid Drainage from the Brain ‐ Morphological Aspects and Immunological Significance in Rat and Man

Weller, R. O., Kida, S., & Zhang, E. (1992) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.1992.tb00704.x · Cited by 279

The cerebrospinal fluid production rate is reduced in dementia of the Alzheimer’s type

Silverberg, G. D., Heit, G., Huhn, S. L., Jaffe, R., Chang, S. D., Bronte-Stewart, H. M., Rubenstein, E., Possin, K. L., & Saul, T. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.57.10.1763 · Cited by 275

Intrathecal antibody distribution in the rat brain: surface diffusion, perivascular transport and osmotic enhancement of delivery

Pizzo, M. E., Wolak, D. J., Kumar, N. N., Brunette, E., Brunnquell, C. L., Hannocks, M., Abbott, N. J., Meyerand, M. E., Sorokin, L., Stanimirovic, D. B., et al. (2018) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp275105 · Cited by 272

Hindered diffusion of high molecular weight compounds in brain extracellular microenvironment measured with integrative optical imaging

Nicholson, C., & Tao, L. (1993) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(93)81324-9 · Cited by 266

Endothelial basement membrane laminin α5 selectively inhibits T lymphocyte extravasation into the brain

Wu, C., Ivars, F., Anderson, P. O., Hallmann, R., Vestweber, D., Nilsson, P., Robenek, H., Tryggvason, K., Song, J., Korpos, É., et al. (2009) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.1957 · Cited by 264

Rapid Transport within Cerebral Perivascular Spaces Underlies Widespread Tracer Distribution in the Brain after Intranasal Administration

Lochhead, J. J., Wolak, D. J., Pizzo, M. E., & Thorne, R. G. (2014) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2014.215 · Cited by 262

Expression of the insulin-like growth factor II gene in the choroid plexus and the leptomeninges of the adult rat central nervous system.

Stylianopoulou, F., Herbert, J., Soares, M. B., & Efstratiadis, A. (1988) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.85.1.141 · Cited by 258

The Cranial Arachnoid and Pia Mater in Man: Anatomical and Ultrastructural Observations

Alcolado, R., Weller, R. O., Parrish, E. P., & Garrod, D. R. (1988) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.1988.tb00862.x · Cited by 251

Characterisation of interface astroglial scarring in the human brain after blast exposure: a post-mortem case series

Shively, S. B., Horkayne‐Szakaly, I., Jones, R. V., Kelly, J. P., Armstrong, R. C., & Perl, D. P. (2016) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(16)30057-6 · Cited by 249

Capillary and arterial cerebral amyloid angiopathy in Alzheimer's disease: defining the perivascular route for the elimination of amyloid β from the human brain

Preston, S., Steart, P. V., Wilkinson, A., Nicoll, J. A. R., & Weller, R. O. (2003) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2990.2003.00424.x · Cited by 245

Flow of cerebral interstitial fluid as indicated by the removal of extracellular markers from rat caudate nucleus

Cserr, H. F., Cooper, D. N., & Milhorat, T. H. (1977) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(77)80041-9 · Cited by 239

The effects of some inhibitors and accelerators of sodium transport on the turnover of 22Na in the cerebrospinal fluid and the brain

Davson, H., & Segal, M. B. (1970) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1970.sp009159 · Cited by 236

Secretion of cerebrospinal fluid by the ventricular ependyma of the rabbit

Pollay, M., & Curl, F. D. (1967) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1967.213.4.1031 · Cited by 236

Circadian variation in human cerebrospinal fluid production measured by magnetic resonance imaging

Nilsson, C., Ståhlberg, F., Thomsen, C., Henriksen, O. M., Herning, M., & Owman, C. (1992) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1992.262.1.r20 · Cited by 234

Integrin-matrix interactions in the cerebral microvasculature.

del Zoppo, G. D., & Milner, R. (2006) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000232525.65682.a2 · Cited by 234

A balanced view of choroid plexus structure and function: Focus on adult humans

Spector, R., Keep, R. F., Snodgrass, S. R., Smith, Q. R., & Johanson, C. E. (2015) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.02.032 · Cited by 232

Vascular dementia: Different forms of vessel disorders contribute to the development of dementia in the elderly brain

Thal, D. R., Grinberg, L. T., & Attems, J. (2012) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2012.05.023 · Cited by 231

Pathology and new players in the pathogenesis of brain edema

Nag, S., Manias, J. L., & Stewart, D. J. (2009) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-009-0541-0 · Cited by 229

Organophosphate-induced brain damage: Mechanisms, neuropsychiatric and neurological consequences, and potential therapeutic strategies

Chen, Y. (2012) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2012.03.011 · Cited by 223

Aquaporin and brain diseases

Badaut, J., Fukuda, A. M., Jullienne, A., & Petry, K. G. (2013) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.10.032 · Cited by 223

Bulk flow of interstitial fluid after intracranial injection of Blue Dextran 2000

Cserr, H. F., & Ostrach, L. H. (1974) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/0014-4886(74)90099-5 · Cited by 222

Fate of Cerebrospinal Fluid‐Borne Amyloid β‐Peptide: Rapid Clearance into Blood and Appreciable Accumulation by Cerebral Arteries

Ghersi‐Egea, J. ‐., Gorevic, P. D., Ghiso, J., Frangione, B., Patlak, C. S., & Fenstermacher, J. D. (1996) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67020880.x · Cited by 222 · cited 1×

High Melatonin Concentrations in Third Ventricular Cerebrospinal Fluid Are Not due to Galen Vein Blood Recirculating through the Choroid Plexus1

Skinner, D. C., & Malpaux, B. (1999) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.140.10.7074 · Cited by 221

Extracellular space of brain as determined by diffusion of inulin from the ventricular system

Rall, D. P., OPPELT, W. W., & Patlak, C. S. (1962) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(62)90104-2 · Cited by 220

Secretion of cerebrospinal fluid by choroid plexus of the rabbit

Welch, K. (1963) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1963.205.3.617 · Cited by 219

Distribution of extracellular tracers in perivascular spaces of the rat brain

Ichimura, T., Fraser, P. A., & Cserr, H. F. (1991) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(91)91275-6 · Cited by 215

Factors influencing exit of substances from cerebrospinal fluid into deep cervical lymph of the rabbit.

Bradbury, M. W. B., & Westrop, R. J. (1983) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1983.sp014731 · Cited by 211

Bulk flow of brain interstitial fluid under normal and hyperosmolar conditions

Rosenberg, G. A., Kyner, W. T., & Estrada, E. (1980) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.1980.238.1.f42 · Cited by 210

Melatonin Enters the Cerebrospinal Fluid through the Pineal Recess

Tricoire-Leignel, H., Locatelli, A., Chemineau, P., & Malpaux, B. (2002) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.143.1.8585 · Cited by 206

Measurements of dog blood-brain transfer constants by ventriculocisternal perfusion

Patlak, C. S., & Fenstermacher, J. D. (1975) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1975.229.4.877 · Cited by 206

Die Feinstruktur des molekularen Rindengraues und ihre physiologische Bedeutung

Horstmann, E., & Meves, H. (1959) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/bf00338866 · Cited by 206

Spatial model of convective solute transport in brain extracellular space does not support a “glymphatic” mechanism

Jin, B.-J., Smith, A. J., & Verkman, A. S. (2016) · Journal of General Physiology · doi:10.1085/jgp.201611684 · Cited by 204

Sucrose and inulin space measurements of cerebral cortex in four mammalian species

Levin, V. Y., Fenstermacher, J. D., & Patlak, C. S. (1970) · American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content · doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1970.219.5.1528 · Cited by 201

Molecular characterization of perivascular drainage pathways in the murine brain

Hannocks, M.-J., Pizzo, M. E., Huppert, J., Deshpande, T., Abbott, N. J., Thorne, R. G., & Sorokin, L. (2018) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x17749689 · Cited by 201

Neural regulation of the circadian vasopressin rhythm in cerebrospinal fluid: a pre-eminent role for the suprachiasmatic nuclei

Schwartz, W., & Reppert, S. M. (1985) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.05-10-02771.1985 · Cited by 197

General Anesthesia Inhibits the Activity of the “Glymphatic System”

Gakuba, C., Gaberel, T., Goursaud, S., Bourges, J., Di Palma, C., Quenault, A., de Lizarrondo, S. M., Vivien, D., & Gauberti, M. (2018) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.19154 · Cited by 190

Penetration and removal of horseradish peroxidase injected into the cerebrospinal fluid: Role of cerebral perivascular spaces, endothelium and microglia

Wagner, H. J., Pilgrim, C., & Brandl, J. (1974) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00690695 · Cited by 189

Spreading depolarization is not an epiphenomenon but the principal mechanism of the cytotoxic edema in various gray matter structures of the brain during stroke

Dreier, J. P., Lemâle, C. L., Kola, V., Friedman, A., & Schoknecht, K. (2017) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.09.027 · Cited by 188

Cerebral Edema in Traumatic Brain Injury

Winkler, E. A., Minter, D. J., Yue, J. K., & Manley, G. T. (2016) · Neurosurgery Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.nec.2016.05.008 · Cited by 177

Diffusion of Epidermal Growth Factor in Rat Brain Extracellular Space Measured by Integrative Optical Imaging

Thorne, R. G., Hrabětová, S., & Nicholson, C. (2004) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00352.2004 · Cited by 168

Studies of cerebrospinal fluid flow and penetration into brain following lateral ventricle and cisterna magna injections of the tracer [14C]inulin in rat

Proescholdt, M. G., Hutto, B., Brady, L. S., & Herkenham, M. A. (1999) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00417-0 · Cited by 165

Cerebrospinal fluid may nourish cerebral vessels through pathways in the adventitia that may be analogous to systemic vasa vasorum

Zervas, N. T., Liszczak, T. M., Mayberg, M. R., & Black, P. M. (1982) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1982.56.4.0475 · Cited by 165

Delivery of pineal melatonin to the brain and SCN: role of canaliculi, cerebrospinal fluid, tanycytes and Virchow–Robin perivascular spaces

Reiter, R. J., Tan, D. X., Kim, S. J., & Cruz, M. H. C. (2014) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-014-0719-7 · Cited by 163

The cell biology of prion-like spread of protein aggregates: mechanisms and implication in neurodegeneration

Costanzo, M., & Zurzolo, C. (2013) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20121898 · Cited by 161

Extracellular sheets and tunnels modulate glutamate diffusion in hippocampal neuropil

Kinney, J. P., Špaček, J., Bartol, T. M., Bajaj, C., Harris, K. M., & B, T. J. S. A. (2012) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.23181 · Cited by 160

The Extracellular Space in the Vertebrate Central Nervous System

Harreveld, A. V. (1972) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-119284-6.50015-4 · Cited by 158

Rapid distribution of intraventricularly administered sucrose into cerebrospinal fluid cisterns via subarachnoid velae in rat

Ghersi‐Egea, J., Finnegan, W., Chen, J.-L., & Fenstermacher, J. D. (1996) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(96)00281-3 · Cited by 151

Outcome markers for clinical trials in cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Greenberg, S. M., Salman, R. A., Biessels, G. J., van Buchem, M. A., Cordonnier, C., Lee, J., Montaner, J., Schneider, J. A., Smith, E. E., Vernooij, M. W., et al. (2014) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(14)70003-1 · Cited by 150

Choroid Plexus and Cerebrospinal Fluid Production

Milhorat, T. H. (1969) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.166.3912.1514 · Cited by 148

Aquaporin-4-Deficient Mice Have Increased Extracellular Space without Tortuosity Change

Yao, X., Hrabětová, S., Nicholson, C., & Manley, G. T. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0257-08.2008 · Cited by 147

On the mode of entry of blood vessels into the cerebral cortex.

Jones, E. G. (1970) · PubMed · Cited by 146

Is phosphorylated tau unique to chronic traumatic encephalopathy? Phosphorylated tau in epileptic brain and chronic traumatic encephalopathy

Puvenna, V., Engeler, M., Banjara, M., Brennan, C., Schreiber, P., Dadas, A., Bahrami, A., Solanki, J., Bandyopadhyay, A., Morris, J. K., et al. (2016) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2015.11.007 · Cited by 144

How does parkinson's disease begin? Perspectives on neuroanatomical pathways, prions, and histology

Borghammer, P. (2017) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.27138 · Cited by 143

Brain Extracellular Space and the Sink Action of Cerebrospinal Fluid

Oldendorf, W. H. (1967) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1967.00470260086010 · Cited by 140

Extracellular vesicles: interneural shuttles of complex messages

Krämer-Albers, E.-M., & Hill, A. F. (2016) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2016.04.016 · Cited by 139

Brain and Spinal MR Imaging Findings in Mucopolysaccharidoses: A Review

Zafeiriou, D., & Batzios, S. P. (2012) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a2832 · Cited by 138

In vivo diffusion of lactoferrin in brain extracellular space is regulated by interactions with heparan sulfate

Thorne, R. G., Lakkaraju, A., Rodriguez-Boulan, E. J., & Nicholson, C. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0711345105 · Cited by 135

Effect of MT1 melatonin receptor deletion on melatonin‐mediated phase shift of circadian rhythms in the C57BL/6 mouse

Dubocovich, M. L., Hudson, R. L., Sumaya, I. C., Masana, M. I., & Manna, E. (2005) · Journal of Pineal Research · doi:10.1111/j.1600-079x.2005.00230.x · Cited by 129

Intracerebral Transplantation of Porcine Choroid Plexus Provides Structural and Functional Neuroprotection in a Rodent Model of Stroke

Borlongan, C. V., Skinner, S. J. M., Geaney, M. S., Vasconcellos, A. V., Elliott, R. B., & Emerich, D. F. (2004) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000138954.25825.0b · Cited by 127

Quantitative studies of the passage of different substances out of the cerebro‐spinal fluid

Davson, H., Kleeman, C. R., & Levin, Е. (1962) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1962.sp006877 · Cited by 123

Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow Dynamics in the Central Nervous System

Sweetman, B., & Linninger, A. A. (2010) · Annals of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10439-010-0141-0 · Cited by 122

Extracellular vesicle communication pathways as regulatory targets of oncogenic transformation

Choi, D., Lee, T. H., Spinelli, C., Chennakrishnaiah, S., D’Asti, E., & Rak, J. W. (2017) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.01.003 · Cited by 121

Tau pathology-dependent remodelling of cerebral arteries precedes Alzheimer’s disease-related microvascular cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Merlini, M., Wanner, D., & Nitsch, R. M. (2016) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-016-1560-2 · Cited by 114

Potential Modes of Intercellular α-Synuclein Transmission

Valdinocci, D., Radford, R. A. W., Siow, S. M., Chung, R. S., & Pountney, D. L. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms18020469 · Cited by 114

Induction of aquaporin 1 but not aquaporin 4 messenger RNA in rat primary brain microvessel endothelial cells in culture

Dolman, D. E. M., Drndarski, S., Abbott, N. J., & Rattray, M. (2005) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03111.x · Cited by 114

The immunogenicity of intracerebral virus infection depends on anatomical site

Stevenson, P. G., Hawke, S., Sloan, D. J., & Bangham, C. R. (1997) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.71.1.145-151.1997 · Cited by 114

Calcium diffusion enhanced after cleavage of negatively charged components of brain extracellular matrix by chondroitinase ABC

Hrabětová, S., Masri, D., Tao, L., Xiao, F., & Nicholson, C. (2009) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2009.170092 · Cited by 113

Dilated perivascular spaces: hallmarks of mild traumatic brain injury.

Inglese, M., Bomsztyk, E. D., Gonen, O., Mannon, L. J., Grossman, R. I., & Rusinek, H. (2005) · PubMed Central · Cited by 110

Development and Resolution of Ischemic Brain Swelling

Hossmann, K. A. (1976) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-66524-0_35 · Cited by 106

Diffusion and action of intracerebroventricularly injected interleukin-1 in the CNS

Konsman, J. P., Tridon, V., & Dantzer, R. (2000) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(00)00403-6 · Cited by 103

THE PENETRATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER FROM THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID INTO THE SPINAL GANGLIA, PERIPHERAL NERVES, AND PERIVASCULAR SPACES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Brierley, J. B. (1950) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.13.3.203 · Cited by 94

Compartments and perivascular arrangement of the meninges covering the cerebral cortex of the rat

Krisch, B., Leonhardt, H., & Oksche, A. (1984) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/bf00219861 · Cited by 94

Blood vessels and tissue space associated with the brain of the rat

Frederickson, R. G., & Low, F. N. (1969) · American Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1002/aja.1001250202 · Cited by 90

The nasal mucosa and the subarachnoid space

Faber, W. M. (1937) · American Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1002/aja.1000620106 · Cited by 88

Vitamin C Transporters, Recycling and the Bystander Effect in the Nervous System: SVCT2 versus Gluts

Nualart, F. (2014) · Journal of Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.4172/2157-7633.1000209 · Cited by 88

Probing the extracellular diffusion of antibodies in brain using in vivo integrative optical imaging and ex vivo fluorescence imaging

Wolak, D. J., Pizzo, M. E., & Thorne, R. G. (2014) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.10.034 · Cited by 87

Arterial Pulsations cannot Drive Intramural Periarterial Drainage: Significance for Aβ Drainage

Diem, A. K., Sharp, M. M., Gatherer, M., Bressloff, N. W., Carare, R. O., & Richardson, G. W. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00475 · Cited by 87

Studies on the Cerebro-Spinal Fluid : I. Introduction.

Cushing, H. (1914) · PubMed · Cited by 86

Continuous intraventricular cerebrospinal fluid pressure recording in hydrocephalic children during wakefulness and sleep

Rocco, C. D., McLone, D. G., Shimoji, T., & Raimondi, A. J. (1975) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1975.42.6.0683 · Cited by 84

A brief history of prions

Zabel, M. D., & Meyerett-Reid, C. (2015) · Pathogens and Disease · doi:10.1093/femspd/ftv087 · Cited by 83

Cellular mechanisms of protein aggregate propagation

Holmes, B. B., & Diamond, M. I. (2012) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0b013e32835a3ee0 · Cited by 80

An emerging role of mast cells in cerebral ischemia and hemorrhage

Strbian, D., Kovanen, P. T., Karjalainen‐Lindsberg, M., Tatlisumak, T., & Lindsberg, P. J. (2009) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890902887303 · Cited by 77

Venular degeneration leads to vascular dysfunction in a transgenic model of Alzheimer’s disease

Lai, A. Y., Dorr, A. E., Thomason, L. A. M., Koletar, M. M., Sled, J. G., Stefanovic, B., & McLaurin, J. (2015) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awv023 · Cited by 77

CSF generation by pineal gland results in a robust melatonin circadian rhythm in the third ventricle as an unique light/dark signal

Tan, D., Manchester, L. C., & Reiter, R. J. (2015) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2015.11.018 · Cited by 77

Clearance of brain edema and macromolecules through the cortical extracellular space

Ohata, K., & Marmarou, A. (1992) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1992.77.3.0387 · Cited by 76

PERIVASCULAR SPACES OF THE MAMMALIAN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Woollam, D. H. M., & Millen, J. W. (1954) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.1954.tb00597.x · Cited by 76

The Movements of Water and Solutes in the Brains of Mammals

Fenstermacher, J. D., & Patlak, C. S. (1976) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-66524-0_16 · Cited by 76

Scanning electron microscopy of the subarachnoid space in the dog. I. Spinal cord levels

Cloyd, M. W., & Low, F. N. (1974) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901530402 · Cited by 75

Relation of potassium concentration in choroidplexus fluid to that in plasma.

Ames, A., Higashi, K., & Nesbett, F. B. (1965) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1965.sp007779 · Cited by 74

Melatonin from Cerebrospinal Fluid but Not from Blood Reaches Sheep Cerebral Tissues Under Physiological Conditions

Legros, C., Chesneau, D., Boutin, J. A., Barc, C., & Malpaux, B. (2014) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12134 · Cited by 73

Brain Drain

Nedergaard, M., & Goldman, S. A. (2016) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0316-44 · Cited by 73

Convection of Cerebral Interstitial Fluid and Its Role in Brain Volume Regulation

Cserr, H. F., Depasquale, M. J., Patlak, C. S., & Pullen, R. G. L. (1986) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb27144.x · Cited by 72

The measurement of CSF flow through the aqueduct in normal and hydrocephalic children: from where does it come, to where does it go?

Bateman, G. A., & Brown, K. M. (2011) · Child s Nervous System · doi:10.1007/s00381-011-1617-4 · Cited by 70

The meningeal compartments of the median eminence and the cortex

Krisch, B., Leonhardt, H., & Oksche, A. (1983) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/bf00211479 · Cited by 68

Ultrastructural Findings in Human Spinal Pia Mater in Relation to Subarachnoid Anesthesia

Reina, M. Á., Casasola, O. D. L., Villanueva, M. C., pez, A. S. L., s, F. M., & s, J. A. D. A. (2004) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000113240.09354.e9 · Cited by 68

Diurnal Variation in P-glycoprotein-Mediated Transport and Cerebrospinal Fluid Turnover in the Brain

Kervezee, L., Hartman, R., van den Berg, D., Shimizu, S., Yamamoto, Y., Meijer, J. H., & de Lange, E. C. M. (2014) · The AAPS Journal · doi:10.1208/s12248-014-9625-4 · Cited by 63

The Protective Effect of Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids on Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury is Associated with PI3K/Akt Pathway and ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels

Qu, Y.-Y., Yuan, M.-Y., Liu, Y., Xiao, X., & Zhu, Y. (2014) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-014-1456-2 · Cited by 62

Albumin Exchange Between Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid

Cutler, R. W. P., Deuel, R. K., & Barlow, C. F. (1967) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1967.00470270039006 · Cited by 60

Drug Delivery to the Brain: Physiological Concepts, Methodologies, and Approaches

Samala, R., Noorani, B., Thorsheim, H. R., Bickel, U., & Smith, Q. R. (2022) · AAPS advances in the pharmaceutical sciences series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88773-5_10 · Cited by 59

Secretion and Bulk Flow of Interstitial Fluid

Cserr, H. F., & Patlak, C. S. (1992) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-76894-1_9 · Cited by 58

Relationship between cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid of brain.

Cserr, H. F. (1974) · PubMed · Cited by 56

Cerebral edema in children with diabetic ketoacidosis: vasogenic rather than cellular?

Tasker, R. C., & Acerini, C. L. (2014) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.12153 · Cited by 54

The brain's interstitial clefts and their glial walls

Brightman, M. (2002) · Journal of Neurocytology · doi:10.1023/a:1025783326667 · Cited by 51

Decompressive craniectomy in acute brain injury

Brown, D. A., & Wijdicks, E. F. M. (2017) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63600-3.00016-7 · Cited by 51

Hourly variability of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease subjects and healthy older volunteers

Slats, D., Claassen, J. A. H. R., Spies, P. E., Borm, G. F., Besse, K., van Aalst, W., Tseng, J., Sjögren, M. J. C., Rikkert, M. G. M. O., & Verbeek, M. M. (2011) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.07.008 · Cited by 48

Muddying the water in brain edema?

Smith, A. J., Jin, B., & Verkman, A. S. (2015) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2015.04.006 · Cited by 47

Functional Role of Connexins and Pannexins in the Interaction Between Vascular and Nervous System

Gaete, P. S., Lillo, M. A., & Figueroa, X. F. (2014) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.24563 · Cited by 42

Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II Uptake Into Choroid Plexus and Brain of Young and Old Sheep

Chen, R., Kassem, N. A., Sadeghi, M., & Preston, J. E. (2008) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/63.2.141 · Cited by 42

The nexus of vitamin homeostasis and DNA synthesis and modification in mammalian brain

Spector, R., & Johanson, C. E. (2014) · Molecular Brain · doi:10.1186/1756-6606-7-3 · Cited by 40

The spread of brain oedema in hypertensive brain injury.

Kalimo, H., Fredriksson, K. A., Nordborg, C., Auer, R. N., Olsson, Y., & Johansson, B. B. (1986) · PubMed · Cited by 40

Ascorbic-acid transporter Slc23a1 is essential for vitamin C transport into the brain and for perinatal survival

Sotiriou, S., Gispert, S., Cheng, J., et al. (2002) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0502-514 · Cited by 40

An immunocytochemical study of protein clearance in brain infusion edema

Ohata, K., Marmarou, A., & Povlishock, J. T. (1990) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00334505 · Cited by 39

Dynamic regulation of aquaporin-4 water channels in neurological disorders

Hsu, Y., Tran, M., & Linninger, A. A. (2015) · Croatian Medical Journal · doi:10.3325/cmj.2015.56.401 · Cited by 38

Sodium-Dependent Vitamin C Transporter 2 (SVCT2) Expression and Activity in Brain Capillary Endothelial Cells after Transient Ischemia in Mice

Gess, B., Sevimli, S., Strecker, J., Young, P., & Schäbitz, W. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017139 · Cited by 37

Decrease of Transthyretin Synthesis at the Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier of Old Sheep

Chen, R. L., Athauda, S. B. P., Kassem, N. A., Zhang, Y., Segal, M. B., & Preston, J. E. (2005) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/60.7.852 · Cited by 33

The brain and the lymphatic system (I).

Földi, M. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 33

Diurnal fluctuation in levels of histamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid of rhesus monkey

Prell, G. D., Khandelwal, J. K., Burns, R. S., & Green, J. P. (1989) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/bf01967291 · Cited by 28

Cerebrospinal Fluid in Neurology and Psychiatry

(1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-3372-0 · Cited by 27

Progress in Drug Treatment of Cerebral Edema

Y. Deng, Y., C. Shen, F., Xie, D., P. Han, Q., Fang, M., B. Chen, C., & K. Zeng, H. (2016) · Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/1389557516666160304151233 · Cited by 26

Cerebrospinal fluid neurohypophysial peptides in benign intracranial hypertension.

Seckl, J. R., & Lightman, S. L. (1988) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.51.12.1538 · Cited by 24

Collective Wisdom of Ants

Gordon, D. M. (2016) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0216-44 · Cited by 24

How doth the little busy bee: unexpected metabolism

Barros, L. F., Sierralta, J. A., & Weber, B. (2014) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2014.11.005 · Cited by 22

Electrolyte Transport

Schielke, G. P., & Betz, A. L. (1992) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-76894-1_8 · Cited by 20

Optimising ovine cerebrospinal fluid preparation for two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis

Chen, R. L., Sage, E. A., Dunn, M. J., Wait, R., & Preston, J. E. (2006) · PROTEOMICS · doi:10.1002/pmic.200500623 · Cited by 20

The proximal straight tubule (PST) basolateral cell membrane water channel: Selectivity characteristics

Guti�rrez, A. M., Gonz�lez, E., Echevarr�a, M., Hern�ndez, C. S., & Guillermo Whittembury, M. (1995) · The Journal of Membrane Biology · doi:10.1007/bf00233447 · Cited by 20

SEROTONIN TURNOVER IN THE INTACT CAT BRAIN

Barkai, A. I., Glusman, M., & Rapport, M. M. (1972) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)29172-8 · Cited by 17

Reduced Brain Delivery of Homovanillic Acid to Cerebrospinal Fluid During Human Aging

Rapoport, S. I., Schapiro, M. B., & May, C. (2004) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.61.11.1721 · Cited by 16

Vitamin Transport Diseases of Brain: Focus on Folates, Thiamine and Riboflavin

Spector, R. (2014) · Brain Disorders & Therapy · doi:10.4172/2168-975x.1000120 · Cited by 16

The Cellular Prion Protein: Biochemistry, Topology, and Physiologic Functions

Griffoni, C., Toni, M., Spisni, E., Bianco, M. C., Santi, S., Riccio, M., & Tomasi, V. (2003) · Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1385/cbb:38:3:287 · Cited by 16

The Extracellular and Perivascular Spaces of the Brain

Pizzo, M. E., & Thorne, R. G. (2017) · Brain Edema · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803196-4.00006-0 · Cited by 15 · cited 5×

Prions mediated neurodegenerative disorders.

Wj, H., Ww, C., & Zhang, X. (2015) · PubMed · Cited by 12

Cerebral magnetic resonance findings during enzyme replacement therapy in mucopolysaccharidosis

Matsubara, Y., Miyazaki, O., Kosuga, M., Okuyama, T., & Nosaka, S. (2017) · Pediatric Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00247-017-3935-5 · Cited by 10

The History of Cerebrospinal Fluid

Deisenhammer, F. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01225-4_1 · Cited by 9

The glymphatic pathway in neurological disorders.

Rasmussen, M. K., Mestre, H., & Nedergaard, M. (2018) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30318-1 · Cited by 1,560

The blood–brain barrier in health and disease: Important unanswered questions

Profaci, C. P., Munji, R. N., Pulido, R. S., & Daneman, R. (2020) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20190062 · Cited by 811

Increased glymphatic influx is correlated with high EEG delta power and low heart rate in mice under anesthesia

Hablitz, L. M., Vinitsky, H. S., Sun, Q., Stæger, F. F., Sigurdsson, B., Mortensen, K. N., Lilius, T. O., & Nedergaard, M. (2019) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aav5447 · Cited by 629

The Glymphatic System: A Novel Component of Fundamental Neurobiology

Hablitz, L. M., & Nedergaard, M. (2021) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0619-21.2021 · Cited by 503

Cerebrospinal fluid outflow: a review of the historical and contemporary evidence for arachnoid villi, perineural routes, and dural lymphatics

Proulx, S. T. (2021) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-020-03706-5 · Cited by 412

CrossTalk proposal: The glymphatic system supports convective exchange of cerebrospinal fluid and brain interstitial fluid that is mediated by perivascular aquaporin‐4

Iliff, J. J., & Simon, M. J. (2019) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp277635 · Cited by 81

The Glymphatic System in Central Nervous System Health and Disease: Past, Present, and Future

Plog, B. A., & Nedergaard, M. (2017) · Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1146/annurev-pathol-051217-111018 · Cited by 800

Fluid transport in the brain

Rasmussen, M. K., Mestre, H., & Nedergaard, M. (2021) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00031.2020 · Cited by 642

Mapping the Brain’s Glymphatic System

Voumvourakis, K. I., Thomaidis, N. S., & Tsiodras, S. (2026) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines14020409 · Cited by 17

The glymphatic system: a new perspective on brain diseases

Ding, Z., Fan, X., Zhang, Y., Yao, M., Wang, G., Dong, Y., Liu, J., & Song, W. (2023) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1179988 · Cited by 111