The DOI matches its Crossref record; 93 of the 93 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Saliency, switching, attention and control: a network model of insula function
Open accessAbstract
The insula is a brain structure implicated in disparate cognitive, affective, and regulatory functions, including interoceptive awareness, emotional responses, and empathic processes. While classically considered a limbic region, recent evidence from network analysis suggests a critical role for the insula, particularly the anterior division, in high-level cognitive control and attentional processes. The crucial insight and view we present here is of the anterior insula as an integral hub in mediating dynamic interactions between other large-scale brain networks involved in externally oriented attention and internally oriented or self-related cognition. The model we present postulates that the insula is sensitive to salient events, and that its core function is to mark such events for additional processing and initiate appropriate control signals. The anterior insula and the anterior cingulate cortex form a “salience network” that functions to segregate the most relevant among internal and extrapersonal stimuli in order to guide behavior. Within the framework of our network model, the disparate functions ascribed to the insula can be conceptualized by a few basic mechanisms: (1) bottom–up detection of salient events, (2) switching between other large-scale networks to facilitate access to attention and working memory resources when a salient event is detected, (3) interaction of the anterior and posterior insula to modulate autonomic reactivity to salient stimuli, and (4) strong functional coupling with the anterior cingulate cortex that facilitates rapid access to the motor system. In this manner, with the insula as its integral hub, the salience network assists target brain regions in the generation of appropriate behavioral responses to salient stimuli. We suggest that this framework provides a parsimonious account of insula function in neurotypical adults, and may provide novel insights into the neural basis of disorders of affective and social cognition.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“As part of the viscerosensory cortex, the anterior insula plays a pivotal role in appraising an interoceptive inference based on incoming raw interoceptive and exteroceptive input (Seeley et al., 2007; Menon and Uddin, 2010; Zaki et al., 2012; Wager et al., 2015).”
From How Processing of Sensory Information From the Internal and External Worlds Shape the Perception and Engagement With the World in the Aftermath of Trauma: Implications for PTSD (2021) · cites this paper as Menon and Uddin, 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Here, the insula helps direct information to lateralized frontoparietal networks in the brain that involve the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the posterior parietal cortex in order to facilitate multisensory integration (Menon and Uddin, 2010; Figure 4).”
From How Processing of Sensory Information From the Internal and External Worlds Shape the Perception and Engagement With the World in the Aftermath of Trauma: Implications for PTSD (2021) · cites this paper as Menon and Uddin, 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Developing an awareness of an emotional feeling underlying a sensory experience may aid in its translation to the central executive network, which plays a role in identifying the contextual meaning of an emotional feeling (Seeley et al., 2007; Menon and Uddin, 2010; Wager et al., 2015).”
From How Processing of Sensory Information From the Internal and External Worlds Shape the Perception and Engagement With the World in the Aftermath of Trauma: Implications for PTSD (2021) · cites this paper as Menon and Uddin, 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“However, while both insula and dACC are components of the SN, they subserve different functions, with insula more related to internal somatic function and monitoring task performance (Eckert et al. 2009;Menon and Uddin 2010;Cai et al. 2014), while the dACC is”
From Brain Activity and Functional Connectivity Associated with Hypnosis (2016) · cites this paper as Menon and Uddin 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“the insula is involved in the processing of body control and experience, emotion, empathy, and time through its extensive connections to cortical and subcortical limbic structures (Menon and Uddin 2010;Cai et al. 2014).”
From Brain Activity and Functional Connectivity Associated with Hypnosis (2016) · cites this paper as Menon and Uddin 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Salience Network (SN): Crucial for detecting relevant internal and external stimuli and switching between the DMN and CCN/CEN, dysfunction in the SN (often involving the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and insula) has been linked to fatigue, aPective symptoms, and cognitive diPiculties post-concussion 12 13 .”
From Functional MRI Guided Accelerated Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation for Chronic Post-Concussive Syndrome: A Feasibility and Efficacy Study (2025) · cites this paper as [12]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Here, the insula plays a putative role in engaging large-scale neural systems by translating incoming sensory information to intrinsic cortical connectivity networks that assist in modulating and contextualizing incoming salient sensory information to guide behavioral responses (Menon and Uddin, 2010; Seeley et al., 2007).”
From How Processing of Sensory Information From the Internal and External Worlds Shape the Perception and Engagement With the World in the Aftermath of Trauma: Implications for PTSD (2021) · cites this paper as Menon and Uddin, 2010
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The insular cortex has reciprocal connections to the ACC and can facilitate cognitive control by acting as the switch between the central-executive network and the default mode network DMN (Cole and Schneider, 2007; Sridharan et al., 2008; Menon and Uddin, 2010).”
From Mindfulness, Interoception, and the Body: A Contemporary Perspective (2019) · cites this paper as Menon and Uddin, 2010
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The anterior insula node of the salience network, in particular, is crucial for bottom-up detection of salient events and switching between other large-scale networks to facilitate access to attention and working memory resources. 25”
From 20 years of the default mode network: A review and synthesis. (2023) · cites this paper as [25]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The SN governs our attention to the external and internal world (Menon and Uddin, 2010), and as such, integrates sensory, emotional and cognitive information to facilitate optimal communication, social behavior and self-awareness (Menon, 2015).”
From Distinct functional connectivities predict clinical response with emotion regulation therapy (2017) · cites this paper as Menon and Uddin, 2010
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The anterior insula is associated with the integration of interoception and cognition (Menon and Uddin, 2010), and the right anterior VLPFC with reflexive reorienting and response inhibition (Levy and Wagner, 2011).”
From Neural correlates of emotion acceptance vs worry or suppression in generalized anxiety disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Menon and Uddin, 2010
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Notably, suppression of the DMN and engagement of cognitive control networks during task performance are thought to be controlled by a common mechanism, with the salience network playing a crucial role.”
From 20 years of the default mode network: A review and synthesis. (2023) · cites this paper as [25]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“as well as empathic perception of pain in others, (Menon and Uddin 2010;Gu et al. 2012)”
From Brain Activity and Functional Connectivity Associated with Hypnosis (2016) · cites this paper as Menon and Uddin 2010
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“While decreases have been for MPFC and ACC in depression [74], but also social anxiety [75] or Alzheimer disease [76], a recent study in bipolar depression rather indicated an increase in MPFC ReHo [74].”
From State and training effects of mindfulness meditation on brain networks reflect neuronal mechanisms of its antidepressant effect (2016) · cites this paper as [74]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The rationale for applying TMS, and specifically iTBS, to PCS stems from converging evidence suggesting that persistent post-concussive symptoms are associated with disruptions in largescale functional brain networks.”
From Functional MRI Guided Accelerated Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation for Chronic Post-Concussive Syndrome: A Feasibility and Efficacy Study (2025) · cites this paper as [12]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“The right aINS has previously been identified as a critical node for suppressing DN activity and reallocating attentional resources to salient events.244,245”
From The default network and self-generated thought: component processes, dynamic control, and clinical relevance (2014) · cites this paper as [244]
In the citing paper
“Detected hub nodes were located within the CON (i.e., the left dACC), the salience network (53) (i.e., the right anterior insula, right intraparietal sulcus, and bilateral dACC), and the motor network (i.e., bilateral pre- and post-central gyri).”
From Impact of Childhood Trauma on Executive Function in Adolescence—Mediating Functional Brain Networks and Prediction of High-Risk Drinking (2020) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“Together these distributed brain networks integrate bottom-up attention with top-down control and generate appropriate behavioral responses to salient stimuli, thereby contributing to behavioral regulation and sound executive function (51–57).”
From Impact of Childhood Trauma on Executive Function in Adolescence—Mediating Functional Brain Networks and Prediction of High-Risk Drinking (2020) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“As such, the SN has been proposed to play a key role in cognitive control (Ham et al., 2013), i.e., switching brain activity between introspective, ruminative functions of the default-mode network and externally focused, task-based functions of the central executive network (Menon and Uddin, 2010).”
From Cortico-striatal-thalamic loop circuits of the salience network: A central pathway in psychiatric disease and treatment (2016) · cites this paper as Menon and Uddin, 2010
In the citing paper
“It is activated in a wide variety of cognitive and emotional tasks (Dosenbach et al., 2006) and forms the important salience network in resting state literature (Menon and Uddin, 2010).”
From Cognitive flexibility in adolescence: Neural and behavioral mechanisms of reward prediction error processing in adaptive decision making during development (2015) · cites this paper as Menon and Uddin, 2010
In the citing paper
“Indeed, activity in the AIC is a common feature in studies of cognitive control and inhibitory processing [7, 46–50] and reward sensitivity [8, 9].”
From The role of the anterior insula in adolescent decision making (2014) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“The SN dynamically switches between the ECN and DMN, which are generally anticorrelated, following detection of relevant stimulation or condition”
From The Insula: A Brain Stimulation Target for the Treatment of Addiction (2019) · cites this paper as Menon and Uddin, 2010
In the citing paper
“These include automatic salience evaluation, [ 4 9 8 _ T D $ D I F F ] inhibition/interruption of ongoing activity[ 4 9 9 _ T D $ D I F F ] , alerting, salience-driven switching, and reflexive orienting [40,43,47,48].”
From Anxiety and Threat-Related Attention: Cognitive-Motivational Framework and Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [48]
In the citing paper
“In addition, over-reactive threat salience-driven switching may cause excessive threat-prioritisation in cognitive system functioning (attention, working memory), and resultant anxiety [48].”
From Anxiety and Threat-Related Attention: Cognitive-Motivational Framework and Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [48]
In the citing paper
“The adaptive value of this inhibitory mechanism in salient, emotional situations may be to prepare for immediate action in the external world [39].”
From On the interaction of social affect and cognition: empathy, compassion and theory of mind (2018) · cites this paper as [39]
In the citing paper
“These regions are interconnected with the ventral striatum and form core components of the brain's incentive salience system (Menon and Uddin, 2010).”
From Neural networks involved in adolescent reward processing: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies (2015) · cites this paper as Menon and Uddin, 2010
In the citing paper
“The insula is a critical component of the brain's salience network (Craig, 2009; Menon and Uddin, 2010) and participates in interoceptive awareness, the representation of physiological states associated with risk (Xue et al., 2010), and integration of such states with behavior during risky contexts that are characterized by uncertainty (Singer et al., 2009).”
From Neural networks involved in adolescent reward processing: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies (2015) · cites this paper as Menon and Uddin, 2010
In the citing paper
“The anterior cingulate, frequently co-activated with the anterior insula (Menon and Uddin, 2010) may play a role in integrating emotion and motivational signals pertaining to contextual salience with executive control systems (Pessoa, 2009) so that adaptive behavioral responses can be formulated and executed.”
From Neural networks involved in adolescent reward processing: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies (2015) · cites this paper as Menon and Uddin, 2010
In the citing paper
“The SORT not only activates brain regions involved in semantic memory recall, which include bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (including Broca's area), left DLPFC, left middle temporal gyrus, bilateral angular gyrus, and PCC [Assaf et al., 2006;Binder et al., 2009], but also activates salience-related regions, including dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), pre-SMA [Assaf et al., 2006] and”
From Specific default mode subnetworks support mentalizing as revealed through opposing network recruitment by social and semantic FMRI tasks: Mentalizing and Default-Mode Subnetworks (2015) · cites this paper as Menon and Uddin, 2010
In the citing paper
“SN also plays a role in adaptive switching between the central executive network (CEN), involved in focused attentional states, and the default mode network (DMN), active during introspective self-referential thought and social emotional processes ( Amodio and Frith, 2006 ; Sridharan et al., 2008 ; Menon and Uddin, 2010 ; Spreng and Grady, 2010 ; Menon, 2015 ).”
From The brain-body disconnect: A somatic sensory basis for trauma-related disorders (2022) · cites this paper as Menon and Uddin, 2010
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
An Integrative Theory of Prefrontal Cortex Function
Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.167 · Cited by 12,803
A default mode of brain function
Raichle, M. E., MacLeod, A. M., Snyder, A. Z., Powers, W. J., Gusnard, D. A., & Shulman, G. L. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.98.2.676 · Cited by 12,190
The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks
Fox, M. D., Snyder, A. Z., Vincent, J. L., Corbetta, M., Van Essen, D. C., & Raichle, M. E. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0504136102 · Cited by 8,553
Dissociable intrinsic connectivity networks for salience processing and executive control
Seeley, W. W., Menon, V., Schatzberg, A. F., Keller, J., Glover, G. H., Kenna, H., Reiss, A. L., & Greicius, M. D. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5587-06.2007 · Cited by 7,426
Self-citationSpontaneous fluctuations in brain activity observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging
Fox, M. D., & Raichle, M. E. (2007) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2201 · Cited by 6,700
How do you feel — now? The anterior insula and human awareness
(Bud) Craig, A. D. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2555 · Cited by 6,657 · cited 6×
“Descending pathways from the dorsal posterior insula have been described which terminate in the brainstem parabrachial nuclei, constituting a mechanism for cortical control of brainstem homeostatic systems (Craig 2002).”
InfluentialFunctional connectivity in the resting brain: a network analysis of the default mode hypothesis
Greicius, M. D., Krasnow, B., Reiss, A. L., & Menon, V. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0135058100 · Cited by 6,358
Self-citationHow do you feel? Interoception: The sense of the physiological condition of the body
Craig, A. D. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn894 · Cited by 6,006
Consistent resting-state networks across healthy subjects
Damoiseaux, J. S., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., Barkhof, F., Scheltens, P., Stam, C. J., Smith, S. M., & Beckmann, C. F. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0601417103 · Cited by 4,326
Binder, J. R., Desai, R. H., Graves, W. W., & Conant, L. L. (2009) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp055 · Cited by 4,060
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 1,117
Corradi‐Dell’Acqua, C., Hofstetter, C., & Vuilleumier, P. O. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2686-11.2011 · Cited by 170
Dynamic neural networks supporting memory retrieval
Jacques, P. L. S., Kragel, P. A., & Rubin, D. C. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.04.039 · Cited by 167
Definition and characterization of an extended multiple-demand network
Camilleri, J. A., Müller, V. I., Fox, P. M., Laird, A. R., Hoffstaedter, F., Kalenscher, T., & Eickhoff, S. B. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.10.020 · Cited by 162
Cognitive control in the self-regulation of physical activity and sedentary behavior
Buckley, J., Cohen, J. D., Kramer, A. F., McAuley, E., & Mullen, S. P. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00747 · Cited by 180
Feng, C., Hackett, P. D., DeMarco, A. C., Chen, X., Stair, S., Haroon, E., Ditzen, B., Pagnoni, G., & Rilling, J. K. (2015) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-014-9333-9 · Cited by 157
Neural correlates of the ‘good life’: eudaimonic well-being is associated with insular cortex volume
Lewis, G. J., Kanai, R., Rees, G., & Bates, T. C. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nst032 · Cited by 157
Functions of the anterior insula in taste, autonomic, and related functions
Rolls, E. T. (2015) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2015.07.002 · Cited by 165
Dynamic brain functional connectivity modulated by resting-state networks
Di, X., & Biswal, B. B. (2013) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-013-0634-3 · Cited by 158
Tricks of the mind: Visual hallucinations as disorders of attention
Shine, J. M., O’Callaghan, C., Halliday, G. M., & Lewis, S. J. G. (2014) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.01.004 · Cited by 162
Face processing in autism spectrum disorders: From brain regions to brain networks
Nomi, J. S., & Uddin, L. Q. (2015) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.03.029 · Cited by 168
Self-citationBrodmann area 10: Collating, integrating and high level processing of nociception and pain
Peng, K., Steele, S. C., Becerra, L. R., & Borsook, D. (2017) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.11.004 · Cited by 164
Mennin, D. S., & Fresco, D. M. (2013) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12038 · Cited by 149
“…and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (PFC), is crucial for complex cognitive tasks such as working memory, cognitive control, and decision making in the context of goal-directed behavior (Menon & Uddin, 2010) and coordinates with the salience network to respond to already identified salient stimuli.”
BackgroundModulations of the experience of self and time
Wittmann, M. (2015) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2015.06.008 · Cited by 164
The brain-body disconnect: A somatic sensory basis for trauma-related disorders
Kearney, B. E., & Lanius, R. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.1015749 · Cited by 154
“The SN also plays a role in adaptive switching between the central executive network (CEN), involved in focused attentional states, and the default mode network (DMN), active during introspective self-referential thought and social emotional processes (Amodio and Frith, 2006; Sridharan et al., 2008; Menon and Uddin, 2…”
BackgroundPavlovian Reward Prediction and Receipt in Schizophrenia: Relationship to Anhedonia
Dowd, E. C., & Barch, D. M. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035622 · Cited by 154
Pain anticipation: An activation likelihood estimation meta‐analysis of brain imaging studies
Palermo, S., Benedetti, F., Costa, T., & Amanzio, M. (2014) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22727 · Cited by 159
Rapid-response impulsivity: Definitions, measurement issues, and clinical implications.
Hamilton, K. R., Littlefield, A. K., Anastasio, N. C., Cunningham, K. A., Fink, L. H. L., Wing, V. C., Mathias, C. W., Lane, S. D., Schütz, C. G., Swann, A. C., et al. (2015) · Personality Disorders Theory Research and Treatment · doi:10.1037/per0000100 · Cited by 164
What difference does a year of schooling make?
Rosenberg‐Lee, M., Barth, M. E., & Menon, V. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.05.013 · Cited by 150
Self-citationOldehinkel, M., Mennes, M., Marquand, A. F., Charman, T., Tillmann, J., Ecker, C., Dell’Acqua, F., Brandeis, D., Banaschewski, T., Baumeister, S., et al. (2018) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.11.010 · Cited by 160
Music in premature infants enhances high-level cognitive brain networks
Lordier, L., Meskaldji, D. E., Grouiller, F., Pittet, M. P., Vollenweider, A., Vasung, L., Borradori-Tolsa, C., Lazeyras, F., Grandjean, D., Ville, D. V. D., et al. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1817536116 · Cited by 161
Madsen, M. K., Stenbæk, D. S., Arvidsson, A., Armand, S., Marstrand-Joergensen, M. R., Johansen, S. S., Línnet, K., Ozenne, B., Knudsen, G. M., & Fisher, P. M. (2021) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.06.001 · Cited by 155
Network Organization Unfolds over Time during Periods of Anxious Anticipation
McMenamin, B. W., Langeslag, S. J. E., Sirbu, M., Padmala, S., & Pessoa, L. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1579-14.2014 · Cited by 140
Connectivity Gradients Between the Default Mode and Attention Control Networks
Anderson, J. S., Ferguson, M. A., Lopez-Larson, M. P., & Yurgelun-Todd, D. A. (2011) · Brain Connectivity · doi:10.1089/brain.2011.0007 · Cited by 151
Christopher, L., Marras, C., Duff-Canning, S. J., Koshimori, Y., Chen, R. E., Boileau, I., Segura, B., Monchi, O., Lang, A. E., Rusjan, P., et al. (2013) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awt337 · Cited by 151
Top-down regulation of default mode activity in spatial visual attention
Wen, X., Liu, Y., Yao, L., & Ding, M. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4939-12.2013 · Cited by 150
McDonough, I. M., & Nashiro, K. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00409 · Cited by 153
Schlichting, M. L., & Preston, A. R. (2015) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2015.11.005 · Cited by 164
Ceceli, A. O., Bradberry, C. W., & Goldstein, R. Z. (2022) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-021-01153-9 · Cited by 150
PTSD Psychotherapy Outcome Predicted by Brain Activation During Emotional Reactivity and Regulation
Fonzo, G. A., Goodkind, M. S., Oathes, D. J., Zaiko, Y. V., Harvey, M., Peng, K. K., Weiss, M. E., Thompson, A. L., Zack, S. E., Lindley, S. E., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16091072 · Cited by 149
Cortical Thinning in Psychopathy
Ly, M., Motzkin, J. C., Philippi, C. L., Kirk, G. R., Newman, J. P., Kiehl, K. A., & Koenigs, M. R. (2012) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.11111627 · Cited by 156
Cortical Thickness Abnormalities at Different Stages of the Illness Course in Schizophrenia
Zhao, Y., Zhang, Q., Shah, C., Li, Q., Sweeney, J. A., Li, F. Y., & Gong, Q. (2022) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.0799 · Cited by 149
Regional amyloid burden and intrinsic connectivity networks in cognitively normal elderly subjects
Lim, H. K., Nebes, R. D., Snitz, B. E., Cohen, A. D., Mathis, C. A., Price, J. C., Weissfeld, L. A., Klunk, W. E., & Aizenstein, H. J. (2014) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awu271 · Cited by 152
Eckert, M. A., Teubner-Rhodes, S. E., & Vaden, K. I. (2016) · Ear and Hearing · doi:10.1097/aud.0000000000000300 · Cited by 155
Cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease: the complex picture
Biundo, R., Weis, L., & Antonini, A. (2016) · npj Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1038/npjparkd.2016.18 · Cited by 150
Distracted and down: neural mechanisms of affective interference in subclinical depression
Kaiser, R. H., Andrews-Hanna, J. R., Spielberg, J. M., Warren, S. L., Sutton, B. P., Miller, G. A., Heller, W., & Banich, M. T. (2015) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsu100 · Cited by 147
Effects of Direct Social Experience on Trust Decisions and Neural Reward Circuitry
Fareri, D. S., Chang, L. J., & Delgado, M. R. (2012) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2012.00148 · Cited by 147
Geranmayeh, F., Chau, T. W., Wise, R. G., Leech, R., & Hampshire, A. (2017) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awx134 · Cited by 151
The Social Neuroscience of Prejudice
Amodio, D. M., & Cikara, M. (2020) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-050928 · Cited by 151
The Insula: A “Hub of Activity” in Migraine
Borsook, D., Veggeberg, R., Erpelding, N., Borra, R., Linnman, C., Burstein, R., & Becerra, L. (2016) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858415601369 · Cited by 146
Misophonia is associated with altered brain activity in the auditory cortex and salience network
Schröder, A., van Wingen, G., Eijsker, N., San Giorgi, R., Vulink, N. C., Turbyne, C., & Denys, D. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-44084-8 · Cited by 141
Overlapping Networks Engaged during Spoken Language Production and Its Cognitive Control
Geranmayeh, F., Wise, R. J. S., Mehta, A., & Leech, R. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0428-14.2014 · Cited by 154
Bridging disparate symptoms of schizophrenia: a triple network dysfunction theory
Nekovářová, T., Fajnerová, I., Horáček, J., & Španiel, F. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00171 · Cited by 155
Dynamic Shifts in Large-Scale Brain Network Balance As a Function of Arousal
Young, C. B., Raz, G., Everaerd, D., Beckmann, C. F., Tendolkar, I., Hendler, T., Fernández, G., & Hermans, E. J. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1759-16.2016 · Cited by 155
Anatomical and functional organization of the human substantia nigra and its connections
Zhang, Y., Larcher, K. M.-H., Mišić, B., & Dagher, A. (2017) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.26653 · Cited by 156
Functional Connectivity of the Cognitive Cerebellum
Habas, C. (2021) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2021.642225 · Cited by 154
Empathy and contextual social cognition
Melloni, M., López, V., & Ibáñez, A. M. (2013) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-013-0205-3 · Cited by 147
Di, X., & Biswal, B. B. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.07.071 · Cited by 146
Prediction of neurocognition in youth from resting state fMRI
Sripada, C., Rutherford, S. E., Angstadt, M., Thompson, W. K., Luciana, M. M., Weigard, A. S., Hyde, L. W., & Heitzeg, M. M. (2019) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0481-6 · Cited by 146
Dance on the Brain: Enhancing Intra- and Inter-Brain Synchrony
Basso, J. C., Satyal, M. K., & Rugh, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2020.584312 · Cited by 177
Imaging brain mechanisms in chronic visceral pain
Mayer, E. A., Gupta, A., Kilpatrick, L. A., & Hong, J. (2015) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000106 · Cited by 147
Large-scale brain network dynamics supporting adolescent cognitive control
Dwyer, D. B., Harrison, B. J., Yücel, M., Whittle, S., Zalesky, A., Pantelis, C., Allen, N. B., & Fornito, A. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1634-14.2014 · Cited by 143
Crittenden, B. M., Mitchell, D. J., & Duncan, J. (2016) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4590-15.2016 · Cited by 143
Wang, P., Zhou, B., Yao, H., Zhan, Y., Zhang, Z., Cui, Y. J., Xu, K., Ma, J., Wang, L., An, N., et al. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep14824 · Cited by 148
The Association Between Internet Gaming Disorder and Impulsivity: A Systematic Review of Literature
Şalvarlı, Ş. İ., & Griffiths, M. D. (2019) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-019-00126-w · Cited by 151
Decreased frontal gyrification correlates with altered connectivity in children with autism
Schaer, M., Ottet, M.-C., Scariati, E., Dukes, D., Franchini, M., Eliez, S., & Glaser, B. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00750 · Cited by 147
Large-Scale Brain Networks in the Awake, Truly Resting Marmoset Monkey
Belcher, A. M., Yen, C. C., Stepp, H., Gu, H., Lu, H., Yang, Y., Silva, A. C., & Stein, E. A. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3146-13.2013 · Cited by 142
Functional connectivity of negative emotional processing in adolescent depression
Ho, T. C., Yang, G., Wu, J., Cassey, P., Brown, S. D., Hoang, N., Chan, M., Connolly, C. G., Henje, E., Duncan, L. G., et al. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.10.025 · Cited by 147
Schneider, M., Hathway, P., Leuchs, L., Sämann, P. G., Czisch, M., & Spoormaker, V. I. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.06.011 · Cited by 148
Emotion regulation and the salience network: a hypothetical integrative model of fibromyalgia
Pinto, A. M., Geenen, R., Wager, T. D., Lumley, M. A., Häuser, W., Kosek, E., Ablin, J. N., Amris, K., Branco, J., Buskila, D., et al. (2022) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/s41584-022-00873-6 · Cited by 161
Self-citationThe functional brain networks that underlie Early Stone Age tool manufacture
Putt, S. S., Wijeakumar, S., Franciscus, R. G., & Spencer, J. P. (2017) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-017-0102 · Cited by 136
Wang, Y., Cao, D., Remeniuk, B., Krimmel, S. R., Seminowicz, D. A., & Zhang, M. (2017) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000951 · Cited by 140
Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin Increase Grey Matter Volume in Older Adults: A Brain Imaging Study
Tao, J., Liu, J., Liu, W., Huang, J., Xue, X., Chen, X., Wu, J., Zheng, G., Chen, B., Li, M., et al. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-170477 · Cited by 143
Khoury, N. M., Lutz, J. G., & Schuman‐Olivier, Z. (2018) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000170 · Cited by 154
The effect of theta-burst TMS on cognitive control networks measured with resting state fMRI
Gratton, C., Lee, T. G., Nomura, E. M., & D'Esposito, M. (2013) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2013.00124 · Cited by 138
Trzepacz, P. T., Yu, P., Bhamidipati, P., Willis, B. A., FORRESTER, T. D., Tabas, L. B., Schwarz, A. J., Saykin, A. J., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2012) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2012.10.005 · Cited by 146
Supekar, K., & Menon, V. (2012) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002374 · Cited by 140
Self-citationNeural processing of dynamic emotional facial expressions in psychopaths
Decety, J., Skelly, L. R., Yoder, K. J., & Kiehl, K. A. (2013) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2013.866905 · Cited by 137
Simonetti, A., Pais, C., Jones, M. B., Cipriani, M. C., Janiri, D., Monti, L., Landi, F., Bernabei, R., Liperoti, R., & Sani, G. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.579842 · Cited by 140
Resting-State Connectivity Predictors of Response to Psychotherapy in Major Depressive Disorder
Crowther, A., Smoski, M. J., Minkel, J. D., Moore, T. M., Gibbs, D. E., Petty, C., Bizzell, J., Schiller, C. E., Sideris, J. H., Carl, H., et al. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.12 · Cited by 139
Avoidance of harm and anxiety: A role for the nucleus accumbens
Levita, L., Hoskin, R., & Champi, S. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.04.059 · Cited by 137
Intrinsic brain networks normalize with treatment in pediatric complex regional pain syndrome
Becerra, L. R., Sava, S., Simons, L. E., Drosos, A. M., Sethna, N. F., Berde, C. B., Lebel, A., & Borsook, D. (2014) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2014.07.012 · Cited by 139
Sachs, M. E., Kaplan, J., Sarkissian, A. D., & Habibi, A. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187254 · Cited by 153
Cromheeke, S., & Mueller, S. C. (2014) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-013-0549-z · Cited by 132
Barquero, L. A., Davis, N., & Cutting, L. E. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083668 · Cited by 154
Neuroscience-informed psychoeducation for addiction medicine: A neurocognitive perspective
Ekhtiari, H., Rezapour, T., Aupperle, R. L., & Paulus, M. P. (2017) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.08.013 · Cited by 134
Intelligence is associated with the modular structure of intrinsic brain networks
Hilger, K., Ekman, M., Fiebach, C. J., & Basten, U. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15795-7 · Cited by 144
Implications of newborn amygdala connectivity for fear and cognitive development at 6-months-of-age
Graham, A. M., Buss, C., Rasmussen, J. M., Rudolph, M. D., Demeter, D. V., Gilmore, J. H., Styner, M., Entringer, S., Wadhwa, P. D., & Fair, D. A. (2016) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.09.006 · Cited by 122
The Insula: A Brain Stimulation Target for the Treatment of Addiction
Ibrahim, C., Rubin-Kahana, D. S., Pushparaj, A., Musiol, M., Blumberger, D. M., Daskalakis, Z. J., Zangen, A., & Le Foll, B. (2019) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00720 · Cited by 133
A psychoengineering paradigm for the neurocognitive mechanisms of biofeedback and neurofeedback
Gaume, A., Vialatte, A., Mora-Sánchez, A., Ramdani, C., & Vialatte, F. B. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.012 · Cited by 133
Reasoning supports utilitarian resolutions to moral dilemmas across diverse measures.
Patil, I., Zucchelli, M. M., Kool, W., Campbell, S., Fornasier, F., Calò, M., Silani, G., Cikara, M., & Cushman, F. (2021) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000281 · Cited by 133
Shine, J. M., Halliday, G. M., Gilat, M., Matar, E., Bolitho, S., Carlos, M., Naismith, S. L., & Lewis, S. J. G. (2013) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22321 · Cited by 133
Chen, Q., Yang, W., Li, W., Wei, D., Li, H., Lei, Q., Zhang, Q., & Qiu, J. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.08.008 · Cited by 146
Frontal and parietal alpha oscillations reflect attentional modulation of cross-modal matching
Misselhorn, J., Friese, U., & Engel, A. K. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-41636-w · Cited by 134
Hunter, M. A., Coffman, B. A., Gasparovic, C., Calhoun, V. D., Trumbo, M., & Clark, V. P. (2014) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.066 · Cited by 140
Sutherland, M. T., Carroll, A. J., Salmeron, B. J., Ross, T. J., Hong, L. E., & Stein, E. A. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.01.035 · Cited by 134
Droutman, V., Bechara, A., & Read, S. J. (2015) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00309 · Cited by 131
Alterations of Superficial White Matter in Schizophrenia and Relationship to Cognitive Performance
Nazeri, A., Chakravarty, M. M., Felsky, D., Lobaugh, N. J., Rajji, T. K., Mulsant, B. H., & Voineskos, A. N. (2013) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2013.93 · Cited by 129
Alderson‐Day, B., Diederen, K. M. J., Fernyhough, C., Ford, J. M., Horga, G., Margulies, D. S., McCarthy‐Jones, S., Northoff, G., Shine, J. M., Turner, J. A., et al. (2016) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbw078 · Cited by 132
Lichenstein, S. D., Verstynen, T., & Forbes, E. E. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.024 · Cited by 139
An insular view of the social decision-making network
Rogers-Carter, M. M., & Christianson, J. P. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.005 · Cited by 121
Manoliu, A., Riedl, V., Doll, A., Bäuml, J. G., Mühlau, M., Schwerthöffer, D., Scherr, M., Zimmer, C., Förstl, H., Bäuml, J., et al. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00216 · Cited by 128
Kaunhoven, R. J., & Dorjee, D. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.007 · Cited by 130
Shine, J. M., Matar, E., Ward, P. B., Bolitho, S., Pearson, M., Naismith, S. L., & Lewis, S. J. G. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052602 · Cited by 130
The salience network in the apathy of late‐life depression
Yuen, G. S., Gunning‐Dixon, F. M., Hoptman, M. J., AbdelMalak, B., McGovern, A. R., Seirup, J. K., & Alexopoulos, G. S. (2014) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.4171 · Cited by 129
Prefrontal connectomics: From anatomy to human imaging
Haber, S. N., Liu, H., Seidlitz, J., & Bullmore, E. (2022) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-021-01156-6 · Cited by 129
Social fearfulness in the human brain
Miskovic, V., & Schmidt, L. A. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.08.002 · Cited by 126
Intrinsic connectivity in the human brain does not reveal networks for ‘basic’ emotions
Touroutoglou, A., Lindquist, K. A., Dickerson, B. C., & Barrett, L. F. (2015) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsv013 · Cited by 147
Upregulation of cognitive control networks in older adults’ speech comprehension
Erb, J., & Obleser, J. (2013) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2013.00116 · Cited by 134
Principles and management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s dementia
Nowrangi, M. A., Lyketsos, C. G., & Rosenberg, P. B. (2015) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-015-0096-3 · Cited by 138
Brain functional connectivity differentiates dexmedetomidine from propofol and natural sleep
Guldenmund, P., Vanhaudenhuyse, A., Sanders, R. D., SLEIGH, J. W., Bruno, M.-A., Athena Demertzi, A., Bahri, M. A., Jaquet, O., Sanfilippo, J., Baquero, K., et al. (2017) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aex257 · Cited by 133
Metadata
- Authors
- Menon, V., & Uddin, L. Q.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Menon, Vinod
- Uddin, Lucina Q.
- Venue
- Brain Structure and Function
- Published
- 2010-05-29
- Volume
- 214
- Issue
- 5-6
- Pages
- 655-667
- ISSN
- 1863-2653 (ISSN-L)
- 1863-2661
- PMC
- PMC2899886
- OpenAlex
- W2129624700
- Semantic Scholar
- 7fd8bee2d3a38b29ae2228466d3431a34c7ae240
- Cited by
- 5,592
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 429 · 2025: 445 · 2024: 429 · 2023: 398 · 2022: 428 · 2021: 568 · 2020: 437 · 2019: 397 · 2018: 389 · 2017: 368 · 2016: 356 · 2015: 334 · 2014: 225 · 2013: 200 · 2012: 118
- FWCI
- 8.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Brain Structure and Function (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH092288)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS058899, R21NS058899)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD057610, HD047520, HD057610, R01HD047520, R01HD059205)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- anterior insula, salience network, cognitive control, attention, network switching, anterior cingulate cortex, saliency detection, bottom-up processing, interoception, autonomic reactivity, working memory, large-scale brain networks
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cerebral Cortex, Humans, Nerve Net, Neural Networks, Computer, Executive Function
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
