The DOI matches its Crossref record; 109 of the 112 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 5 of the 33 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
CALM Pregnancy: results of a pilot study of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for perinatal anxiety
Open accessAbstract
Many women experience anxiety during pregnancy with potential negative effects on maternal, birth, and child outcomes. Because of potential risks of fetal exposure to psychotropic medications, efficacious non-pharmacologic approaches are urgently needed. However, no published studies of psychotherapeutic treatments for anxiety in pregnancy exist. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) may substantially reduce anxiety and co-morbid symptoms in people with anxiety disorders. Coping with Anxiety through Living Mindfully (CALM) Pregnancy is an adaptation of MBCT designed to address anxiety in pregnant women. This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and clinical outcomes of the CALM Pregnancy intervention in pregnant women anxiety. Twenty-four pregnant women with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) or prominent symptoms of generalized anxiety participated in an open treatment trial of the CALM Pregnancy group intervention. Psychiatric diagnoses were determined by structured clinical interview, and self-report measures of anxiety, worry, depression, self-compassion, and mindfulness were completed at baseline and post-intervention. Qualitative feedback was elicited via questionnaire. Twenty-three participants completed the intervention with high attendance and good compliance with home practice. Completers showed statistically and clinically significant improvements in anxiety, worry, and depression, and significant increases in self-compassion and mindfulness. Of the 17 participants who met GAD criteria at baseline, only one continued to meet criteria post-intervention. Participants regarded their experience in the intervention to be overwhelmingly positive. MBCT in the form of the CALM Pregnancy intervention holds potential to provide effective, non-pharmacological treatment for pregnant women with anxiety. These promising findings warrant further testing of the intervention with a randomized controlled trial. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Wien.
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Claims the paper makes
37 Own result · 19 Own interpretation · 9 No full text of the sources · 8 Own method · 2 Partly supported · 1 Supported · 1 Supported so far · 1 No basis given · accuracy not yet measured
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Psychological therapies, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), effectively reduce anxiety in patients with anxiety disorders (Otte 2011)”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Introduction
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Otte 2011 source
The Summary reports that CBT’s efficacy and effectiveness for anxiety in adults are well established and says analyses of psychological treatments corroborate its favorable effects. The Conclusion calls CBT the most consistently supported psychotherapeutic option for anxiety disorders. The review focuses on adults, but the citing sentence does not specify another age group. (LLM, conf=0.90)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and an average of 6 times over the course of the last three weeks “whenever they noticed unpleasant thoughts or feelings” with a wide range of 0 to 63 times.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Feasibility and Acceptance of Intervention and Procedures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The mean number of sessions attended by the 23 completers was 6.96 sessions.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Feasibility and Acceptance of Intervention and Procedures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Most participants (n = 21; 87.5%) attended at least six of the eight intervention sessions.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Feasibility and Acceptance of Intervention and Procedures
plainn = 21- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants practiced the scheduled Three-Minute Breathing Space an average of 12.3 times per week (range 1 to 23 times per week) during the course of the study”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Feasibility and Acceptance of Intervention and Procedures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of the 24 participants, 17 (70.8%) met criteria for GAD at baseline.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Baseline Characteristics
plainn = 24- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants completed home practice of formal meditation practice an average of 4.12 out of six days per week (range 1.9 to 6.6 days per week).”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Feasibility and Acceptance of Intervention and Procedures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Seven participants did not meet criteria threshold for any current DSM-IV-TR Axis I disorder and were included due to burden of generalized anxiety symptoms or worry symptom levels that met inclusion criteria.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Baseline Characteristics
plainn = 7- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Comorbid baseline diagnoses of agoraphobia, PTSD, social phobia, specific phobia, and dysthymia diagnoses remained at post-intervention.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Efficacy of the Intervention
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition to anxiety/worry criteria required for study entry, all study participants had a substantial burden of depressive symptoms as indicated by elevated BDI-II scores at baseline.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 26
- Probably not a substantial claim. 26
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“MBCT has shown positive effects in panic (Kim et al. 2009), GAD (Craigie et al. 2008; Evans et al. 2008; Hoge et al. 2013; Majid et al. 2010), and in social anxiety disorder (Koszycki et al. 2007).”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Introduction
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Kim et al. 2009 source
Kim et al. is cited for the panic portion of the sentence, not the GAD or social-anxiety portions. The Abstract and anxiety-scale Results report greater improvement with MBCT than with anxiety-disorder education among patients with panic disorder or GAD who were receiving pharmacotherapy; page numbers are not provided in the supplied passages. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Craigie et al. 2008 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Koszycki et al. 2007 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Three small studies have demonstrated that MBIs are effective in reducing stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and emotional distress during pregnancy in healthy, non-clinical populations (Duncan and Bardacke 2010; Dunn et al. 2012; Vieten and Astin 2008).”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Introduction
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Duncan and Bardacke 2010 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report reduced pregnancy anxiety, depression, negative affect, and average perceived stress after MBCP in a small sample (n = 27). But the Discussion calls this a non-controlled pilot and cautions against firm conclusions about effectiveness. The Methods say no exclusion criteria were applied, so the paper does not establish that participants were a healthy, non-clinical population. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Dunn et al. 2012 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Vieten and Astin 2008 source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Transdiagnostic treatments for anxiety and other emotional disorders have gained increased attention and empirical study in recent years (Farchione et al. 2012; Norton and Barrera 2013; Wilamowska et al. 2010).”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Discussion
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Farchione et al. 2012 source
The Discussion (page not provided) says other researchers had begun examining transdiagnostic applications on a more empirical basis and cites several such efforts. This supports the broad claim of growing attention and empirical study of these treatments. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Not matchedcites Norton and Barrera 2013
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Supportedcites Wilamowska et al. 2010 source
The Summary and Conclusions (page unavailable) describes several investigators developing transdiagnostic approaches and says the authors had begun a large clinical trial. Preliminary Data (page unavailable) reports a pilot trial of the Unified Protocol in patients with anxiety and mood disorders. Together, these passages support the broad claim of growing attention and empirical study. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Two participants were on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) throughout their study participation: One had started a SSRI seven weeks prior to enrollment and continued on the same dose throughout the study, and another continued on a stable dose of an SSRI which she had been on for the past 10 years.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Baseline Characteristics
plainn = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants were well-educated, with 15 (62.5%) holding a graduate or professional degree, six (25%) holding a college degree, and 3 (12.5%) having some college.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Baseline Characteristics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With the exception of the one drop-out, all participants completed the study intervention and all data collection points.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Feasibility and Acceptance of Intervention and Procedures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mean age at baseline was 33.5 years (SD 4.40), range 27 to 45 years.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Baseline Characteristics
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nine additional participants reported a history of psychotropic medication use prior to the current pregnancy but were not currently taking medication during the study time frame.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Baseline Characteristics
plainn = 9- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“GAD was the sole diagnosis for 11 of them, whereas six participants also met criteria for the following comorbid diagnoses (although GAD symptoms were reported as most severe or concerning for all): two major depressive disorder and specific phobia, one dysthymia, one post-traumatic stress disorder, one agoraphobia, one specific phobia, and one dysthymia, agoraphobia, and social phobia.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Baseline Characteristics
plainn = 11- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sixteen participants reported a history of receiving psychotherapy in the past.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Baseline Characteristics
plainn = 16- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Responses to the qualitative questions at post-intervention revealed that women regarded their experiences in the CALM Pregnancy intervention to be overwhelmingly positive. All 23 completers expressed that they enjoyed participating and all noted several aspects of the program which they found helpful.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Feasibility and Acceptance of Intervention and Procedures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Four participants (including one who dropped out of the study), all of whom had been in psychotherapy for the past year or longer, were continuing during the current pregnancy at a frequency of less than twice per month.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Baseline Characteristics
plainn = 4- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Results of the repeated measures ANOVA indicated statistically significant improvements (p < .01) on the BAI, PSWQ, BDI-II, SCS, and MAAS, with strong effect sizes (eta-squares) for all outcomes.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Efficacy of the Intervention
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of the 24 participants who attended any of the intervention sessions, 16 (66.7%) were recruited via the hospital screening method and eight (33.3%) were clinician- or self-referred.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Baseline Characteristics
plainn = 24- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Two participants attended five sessions, and one participant dropped out after attending two classes.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Feasibility and Acceptance of Intervention and Procedures
plainn = 2- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Seven of the 24 study participants had a history of psychotropic medication use prior to the current pregnancy and one had taken psychotropic medication early in the pregnancy but had discontinued it prior to the study onset.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Baseline Characteristics
plainn = 7- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One woman remarked that having to do home practice created more anxiety for her.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Participant Feedback
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, a few participants recommended ongoing support for their new mindfulness practices.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Participant Feedback
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants identified that they learned specific skills that helped them increase mindfulness, acceptance and self-kindness, and to decrease reactivity. In addition they reported increased insight and positive cognitive changes.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In response to suggestions for improving the program, six participants proposed having partners included in at least one session so that they could benefit from what was taught and support the women in their new practices.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Participant Feedback
plainn = 6- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In response to the question “What aspects of the program were least helpful?” several participants reported that the amount of home practice “required” felt like “too much” at times, although some qualified by saying the home practice was never-the-less helpful in learning the practices.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Participant Feedback
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants who completed the intervention showed statistically and clinically significant improvements in anxiety, worry and depression severity and concurrent significant increases in self-compassion and mindfulness.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It is not surprising therefore that anxiety disorders are common during pregnancy (Ross and McLean 2006).”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ross and McLean 2006 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All study procedures were approved by the hospital internal review board prior to the start of the study.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Methods > Procedures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Clinical significance at post-intervention was operationalized by the recommended reliable change index and cut-off points (Jacobson and Truax 1991; Vollestad et la. 2011)”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Methods > Procedures
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Mindfulness based interventions (MBIs) offer a promising development for the treatment of anxiety, with numerous studies demonstrating the effectiveness of MBIs in reducing anxiety, depression and stress in clinical and non-clinical populations”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Introduction
What the sources say
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All sessions were audiotaped and reviewed for the purposes of treatment fidelity monitoring and ongoing supervision by the principal investigator (JHG)”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Methods > Procedures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“self-compassion may be a particularly important component in mindfulness-based treatments and that it is significantly correlated with less anxiety and depression and overall greater psychological health (Davis and Hayes 2011; Neff 2003; Kuyken et al. 2010; van Dam et al. 2011)”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Introduction
What the sources say
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The PSWQ has been reported to discriminate patients with GAD from community controls and patients with other anxiety disorders (Brown et al. 1992) and has demonstrated sensitivity to change across both 6-week and 12-week therapeutic interventions for GAD (Borkovec and Costello 1993).”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Methods > Outcomes and Measures
What the sources say
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Self-report measures are subject to response bias; however the use of diagnostic interviews mitigated this limitation to some degree.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Discussion
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Only one participant dropped out of the study, which further supports the conclusion that this intervention is acceptable to pregnant women.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Discussion
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The use of a structured diagnostic interview in addition to using reliable and valid self-report measures strengthens the study.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The qualitative findings add important information regarding how women perceived the intervention and provide dimension and depth to the quantitative findings.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Results of this open-label study indicate that the CALM Pregnancy intervention is feasible and acceptable to pregnant women with anxiety”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The study psychologist was blind to screening results at baseline, but because all women received the intervention, diagnostic assessments were not blind to condition.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Pregnancy offers the opportunity to develop mindfulness practices which may be particularly helpful in diminishing distressing cognitive and physiological symptoms of anxiety.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In conclusion, MBCT, in the form of the CALM Pregnancy intervention, shows considerable promise as a feasible, acceptable, and effective treatment option for pregnant women with anxiety.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“That so many women made this commitment despite busy lives suggests that women are looking for a non-pharmacologic approach for management of their anxiety and are willing to make a commitment to such an intervention.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: unclear — It is unclear whether it could be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because anxiety and depressive symptoms are associated with negative obstetric and infant outcomes, the CALM Pregnancy intervention could potentially benefit not only on maternal psychological well-being and functioning, but also on the course of pregnancy, the developing fetus/infant, maternal postpartum adjustment, and the development of the mother-infant relationship.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Maternal anxiety and depression are linked to poor obstetric and infant outcomes.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The sample was made up of predominantly well-educated, older women, and therefore may not be generalizable to other women.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The CALM Pregnancy intervention seemed to be effective for depression as it was for anxiety and worry, even though depression itself was only minimally addressed.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Another limitation is the potential confound of current participant treatment: one participant had started on an SSRI eight weeks before entering the trial, and three completers were continuing in psychotherapy (every two weeks or less) which they had been in for between one and ten years.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The study sample was small and lacked sufficient statistical power.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
No published studies of psychotherapeutic treatments for anxiety in pregnancy exist to date.
“yet such therapies have not been tested for treatment of anxiety in pregnant women. Despite a great need for effective, non-pharmacological interventions, research specifically addressing treatment of anxiety disorders during pregnancy is seriously lacking, with no published studies of psychotherapeutic treatments for anxiety in pregnancy to date.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Mindfulness-based interventions have not yet been tested as a treatment for clinically significant distress, including anxiety or depressive disorders, in pregnant or postpartum women.
“However, MBIs have not yet been tested as a treatment for clinically significant distress, including anxiety disorders or depressive disorders in pregnant or postpartum women.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Women overwhelmingly prefer non-pharmacological interventions during pregnancy.
“Women overwhelming prefer non-pharmacological interventions during pregnancy.”
The paper relies on this without support.
No prior study has tested a treatment created for and given to pregnant women with GAD or prominent generalized anxiety symptoms.
“This study, to the best of our knowledge, is the first to examine a treatment specifically designed for, and administered to, pregnant women with GAD or prominent symptoms of generalized anxiety.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Maternal anxiety and depression are linked to poor obstetric and infant outcomes.
“Because anxiety and depressive symptoms are associated with negative obstetric and infant outcomes”
The paper relies on this without support.
Group interventions that work usually cost less and use fewer resources than individual therapy.
“Effective group interventions are generally more resource- and cost-effective than individual therapy.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have recently come into focus as effective treatments for reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in the general population (41, 42) and in pregnant women (43–47), combining elements of CBT and psychoeducational content.”
From Acceptance, experiences, and needs of hospitalized pregnant women toward an electronic mindfulness-based intervention: A pilot mixed-methods study (2022) · cites this paper as [44]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Recent studies suggest a relationship between mindfulness and the reduction of perinatal anxiety [10–15], stress [13] and perinatal depression [10, 11, 14, 16, 17].”
From Effects of an antenatal mindfulness-based childbirth and parenting programme on the postpartum experiences of mothers: a qualitative interview study. (2017) · cites this paper as [11]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Mindfulness seems to have an enhancing effect on maternal self-efficacy [12, 13], self-compassion [11, 13], maternal foetal attachment [16] and women’s well-being [10].”
From Effects of an antenatal mindfulness-based childbirth and parenting programme on the postpartum experiences of mothers: a qualitative interview study. (2017) · cites this paper as [11]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Recent studies suggest a relationship between mindfulness and the reduction of perinatal anxiety [10–15], stress [13] and perinatal depression [10, 11, 14, 16, 17].”
From Effects of an antenatal mindfulness-based childbirth and parenting programme on the postpartum experiences of mothers: a qualitative interview study. (2017) · cites this paper as [11]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Baseline Characteristics
“Seven of the 24 study participants had a history of psychotropic medication use prior to the current pregnancy”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Baseline Characteristics
“Nine additional participants reported a history of psychotropic medication use prior to the current pregnancy but were not currently taking medication during the study time frame.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“whereas six participants also met criteria for the following comorbid diagnoses (although GAD symptoms were reported as most severe or concerning for all): two major depressive disorder and specific phobia, one dysthymia, one post-traumatic stress disorder, one agoraphobia, one specific phobia, and one dysthymia, agoraphobia, and social phobia.”
§ CALM Pregnancy: Results of a Pilot Study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Perinatal Anxiety > Results > Baseline Characteristics
Reported 6 · recomputed 7
Citations
Cites
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Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure
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A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The GAD-7
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092 · Cited by 31,765 · cited 7×
“1990) or ≥10 on the GAD-7 (Spitzer et al. 2006), (e) no greater than moderate level of depression as determined by a score of <15 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9; Kroenke et al.”
InfluentialKessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593 · Cited by 20,391 · cited 2×
“Anxiety disorders are the most common of all psychiatric conditions (Kessler et al. 2005) and are up to twice as common among women as men (Kessler et al.”
The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822 · Cited by 13,448 · cited 1×
“The Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown and Ryan 2003) is a 15-item scale purported to measure dispositional mindfulness, with higher scores indicating higher mindfulness levels.”
Kessler, R. C. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002 · Cited by 12,370 · cited 2×
“Nearly one in three women will experience an anxiety disorder during her lifetime, often with a chronic or recurrent course (Kessler et al. 1994).”
Jacobson, N. S., & Truax, P. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.59.1.12 · Cited by 7,770 · cited 1×
“Clinical significance at post-intervention was operationalized by the recommended reliable change index and cut-off points (Jacobson and Truax 1991; Vollestad et al. 2011) for the BAI, BDI-II, and PSWQ (see Table 1).”
(2008) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,477
The Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Self-Compassion
NEFF, K. D. (2003) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298860309027 · Cited by 6,436 · cited 3×
“…suggesting that self-compassion may be a particularly important component in mindfulness-based treatments and that it is significantly correlated with less anxiety and depression and overall greater psychological health (Davis and Hayes 2011; Neff 2003; Kuyken et al. 2010; van Dam et al. 2011).”
(1999) · Cited by 5,934
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- Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK (1996) BDI-II: 2nd Edition Manual. The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio
- Orsillo SM, Roemer L (2011) The mindful way through anxiety. Guilford, New York
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Fawcett, E. J., Fairbrother, N., Cox, M. L., White, I. R., & Fawcett, J. M. (2019) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.18r12527 · Cited by 609
Lever Taylor, B., Cavanagh, K., & Strauss, C. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155720 · Cited by 284
“Engagement Of the seventeen included studies, nine reported on the number of participants meeting a study defined criterion for engagement or completion (completing all fifteen steps [64]; completing the programme [36,63]; completing at least 50% of sessions [37, 56, 58, 59], attending at least three out of four sessi…”
BackgroundInfluentialMindfulness-based interventions during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Dhillon, A., Sparkes, E., & Duarte, R. V. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0726-x · Cited by 239
“Goodman et al. (2014) 8 weekly 2-h group sessions following a basic MBCT session structure.”
BackgroundDimidjian, S., Goodman, S. H., Felder, J. N., Gallop, R., Brown, A. P., & Beck, A. (2016) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000068 · Cited by 223
“…base that suggests that mindfulness-based interventions are promising for pregnant women, including those with elevated anxiety symptoms (J. H. Goodman et al., 2014) and those with broadly defined concerns about depression, anxiety, or stress (Dunn, Hanieh, Roberts, & Powrie, 2012; Vieten &…”
BackgroundMethodNillni, Y. I., Mehralizade, A., Mayer, L., & Milanovic, S. (2018) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2018.06.004 · Cited by 207
Psychological impact of infectious disease outbreaks on pregnant women: rapid evidence review
Brooks, S. K., Weston, D., & Greenberg, N. L. (2020) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2020.09.006 · Cited by 173
A randomized controlled trial of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in pregnant women
Kalmbach, D. A., Cheng, P., O'Brien, L. M., Swanson, L. M., Sangha, R., Sen, S., Guille, C., Cuamatzi-Castelan, A., Henry, A. L., Roth, T., et al. (2020) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2020.03.016 · Cited by 154
Shi, Z., & MacBeth, A. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0673-y · Cited by 148
“From the noncontrolled studies, dropout was also relatively low with a range from 4% (Goodman et al. 2014) to 45% (Woolhouse et al. 2014, sample 2).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialPerinatal Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Assessment and Treatment
Misri, S. K., Abizadeh, J., Sanders, S., & Swift, E. (2015) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2014.5150 · Cited by 165
“An evaluation of group mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for perinatal anxiety showed statistically and clinically significant improvements in anxiety, worry, and depression, as well as a significant increase in selfcompassion and mindfulness.(104) Additionally, in this study 94% of women with GAD no longer met diag…”
Resultvan Ravesteyn, L. M., Lambregtse - van den Berg, M. P., Hoogendijk, W. J. G., & Kamperman, A. M. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173397 · Cited by 138
Zemestani, M., & Fazeli Nikoo, Z. (2020) · Archives of Women's Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00962-8 · Cited by 127
“Modifications for perinatal depression and anxiety were based on clinical trials in this fields (Dimidjian et al. 2016; Goodman et al. 2014; Luberto et al. 2018) and included stronger emphasis on brief formal and informal mindfulness and meditation practices customized for the perinatal period.”
MethodDimidjian, S., Goodman, S. H., Felder, J. N., Gallop, R., Brown, A. P., & Beck, A. (2015) · Archives of Women's Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-014-0468-x · Cited by 118
Furtado, M., Chow, C. H. T., Owais, S., Frey, B. N., & Lieshout, R. J. V. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.073 · Cited by 140
Yang, M., Jia, G., Sun, S., Ye, C., Zhang, R., & Yu, X. (2019) · Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health · doi:10.1111/jmwh.12944 · Cited by 99
Mindfulness for pregnancy: a randomised controlled study of online mindfulness during pregnancy
Krusche, A., Dymond, M., Murphy, S. E., & Crane, C. (2018) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2018.07.005 · Cited by 97
Lönnberg, G., Jonas, W., Unternaehrer, E., Bränström, R., Nissen, E., & Niemi, M. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.10.048 · Cited by 108
Mindfulness and perinatal mental health: A systematic review
Hall, H. G., Beattie, J., Lau, R., East, C., & Anne Biro, M. (2016) · Women and Birth · doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2015.08.006 · Cited by 105
Apolinário-Hagen, J., Drüge, M., & Fritsche, L. (2020) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9705-0_17 · Cited by 100
The Impact of Social Support and Pregnancy on Subjective Well-Being: A Systematic Review
Battulga, B., Benjamin, M. R., Chen, H., & Bat-Enkh, E. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.710858 · Cited by 117
“, 2020), 16 studies in SS (Giblin et al., 1987; Stevenson et al., 1999; Macleod and Weaver, 2003; Elsenbruch et al., 2007; Rokach, 2007; Emmanuel et al., 2012; Ngai and Ngu, 2013; Gebuza et al., 2014; Goodman et al., 2014; Calou et al., 2018; Gul et al., 2018; Nakamura et al., 2018; Pakseresht et al., 2019; Yu et al.,…”
BackgroundThe effects of mindfulness interventions on prenatal well-being: A systematic review
Matvienko-Sikar, K., Lee, L., Murphy, G., & Murphy, L. (2016) · Psychology & Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2016.1220557 · Cited by 98
“The majority of studies reported significant reductions in anxiety following intervention use (Beddoe et al., 2009; Byrne et al., 2014; Duncan & Bardacke, 2010; Goodman et al., 2014; Vieten & Astin, 2008; Woolhouse et al., 2014).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialThe indirect effect of social support on post-trauma psychopathology via self-compassion
Maheux, A., & Price, M. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.051 · Cited by 91
Role of self-compassion in psychological well-being among perinatal women
Felder, J. N., Lemon, E., Shea, K., Kripke, K., & Dimidjian, S. (2016) · Archives of Women's Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-016-0628-2 · Cited by 103
“Promising pilot studies indicate that self-compassion is modifiable among perinatal women participating in mindfulness interventions (e.g., Goodman and Chenausky 2014; Perez-Blasco et al. 2013).”
BackgroundAtif, N., Nazir, H., Zafar, S., Chaudhri, R., Atiq, M., Mullany, L. C., Rowther, A. A., Malik, A., Surkan, P. J., & Rahman, A. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00927 · Cited by 80
Parenting self-compassion: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Jefferson, F. A., Shires, A., & McAloon, J. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01401-x · Cited by 77
A systematic review of psychological treatments for clinical anxiety during the perinatal period
Loughnan, S. A., Wallace, M., Joubert, A. E., Haskelberg, H., Andrews, G., & Newby, J. M. (2018) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-018-0812-7 · Cited by 85
Veringa‐Skiba, I. K., de Bruin, E. I., Bardacke, N., Duncan, L. G., van Steensel, F. J. A., Dirksen, C. D., & Bögels, S. M. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-1070-8 · Cited by 75
Ponting, C., Mahrer, N. E., Zelcer, H., Dunkel Schetter, C., & Chavira, D. A. (2020) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2424 · Cited by 68
“However, despite the success of these evidence-based interventions at reducing depression and the emerging support for anxiety reduction during the perinatal period (e.g., Goodman et al., 2014), their efficacy with ethno-racial minority women is mixed (Nillni et al., 2018).”
BackgroundKadafi, A., Alfaiz, A., Ramli, M., Asri, D. N., & Finayanti, J. (2021) · Islamic Guidance and Counseling Journal · doi:10.25217/igcj.v4i1.1018 · Cited by 68
Zarenejad, M., Yazdkhasti, M., Rahimzadeh, M., Tourzani, Z. M., & Saeieh, S. E. (2020) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.1561 · Cited by 72
“The prevalence of anxiety has been reported 12.2%–39%, depending on the type of anxiety in pregnant women two or three times higher than the general population (Goodman et al., 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialShulman, B., Dueck, R., Ryan, D. M., Breau, G., Sadowski, I., & Misri, S. K. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.065 · Cited by 63
Brassel, A., Townsend, M. L., Pickard, J. A., & Grenyer, B. F. S. (2020) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.21827 · Cited by 59
Beattie, J., Hall, H., Biro, M. A., East, C., & Lau, R. (2017) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2017.04.006 · Cited by 58
An evaluation of perinatal mental health interventions: An integrative literature review
Lavender, T. J., Ebert, L. M., & Jones, D. (2016) · Women and Birth · doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2016.04.004 · Cited by 64
Isgut, M., Smith, A. K., Reimann, E. S., Küçük, Ö., & Ryan, J. L. (2017) · Journal of Perinatal Medicine · doi:10.1515/jpm-2016-0189 · Cited by 59
“[64] developed the 8-week Coping with Anxiety through Living Mindfully (CALM) Pregnancy program, which was also an adaptation of MBCT, but specifically geared toward reducing anxiety and co-morbid symptoms in pregnant women with generalized anxiety disorder.”
MethodPerinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders
Byrnes, L. (2018) · The Journal for Nurse Practitioners · doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2018.03.010 · Cited by 51
Matthies, L. M., Müller, M., Doster, A., Sohn, C., Wallwiener, M., Reck, C., & Wallwiener, S. (2019) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-019-05402-7 · Cited by 51
Furtado, M., Van Lieshout, R. J., Van Ameringen, M., Green, S. M., & Frey, B. N. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.02.064 · Cited by 50
O’Connor, T. G., Best, M., Brunner, J., Ciesla, A. A., Cunning, A., Kapula, N., Kautz, A., Khoury, L., Macomber, A., Meng, Y., et al. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044798 · Cited by 53
Kalmbach, D. A., Roth, T. G., Cheng, P., Ong, J. C., Rosenbaum, E., & Drake, C. L. (2020) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2019.11.011 · Cited by 54
Obesity and anxiety during pregnancy and postpartum: A systematic review
Nagl, M., Linde, K., Stepan, H., & Kersting, A. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.054 · Cited by 53
Harrison, V., Moore, D., & Lazard, L. (2020) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-020-02990-0 · Cited by 57
Felder, J. N., Segal, Z. V., Beck, A. L., Sherwood, N. E., Goodman, S. H., Boggs, J. M., Lemon, E. L., & Dimidjian, S. (2016) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2016.02.002 · Cited by 52
Luberto, C. M., Park, E. R., & Goodman, J. H. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0825-8 · Cited by 42
Self-citationTomfohr‐Madsen, L. M., Campbell, T. S., Giesbrecht, G. F., Letourneau, N. L., Carlson, L. E., Madsen, J. W., & Dimidjian, S. (2016) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1601-0 · Cited by 49
“MBCT in pregnancy has been shown to reduce worry, anxiety, and comorbid symptoms of depression in pregnant women with clinically elevated symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) [52].”
BackgroundInfluentialMatthies, L. M., Wallwiener, S., Müller, M., Doster, A., Plewniok, K., Feller, S., Sohn, C., Wallwiener, M., & Reck, C. (2017) · Infant Behavior and Development · doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2017.09.011 · Cited by 46
“The perinatal period seems to increase a woman‘s vulnerability to psychiatric disorders due to increased physical and mental stress as well as hormonal changes (Goodman et al., 2014).”
BackgroundUnderstanding maternal dietary choices during pregnancy: The role of social norms and mindful eating
Hutchinson, A. D., Charters, M., Prichard, I. J., Fletcher, C. M. E., & Wilson, C. J. (2017) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.02.004 · Cited by 44
Wadsworth, L. P., Forgeard, M., Hsu, K. J., Kertz, S., Treadway, M., & Björgvinsson, T. (2018) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-017-9887-0 · Cited by 43
“An 8-week uncontrolled mindfulness-based intervention for perinatal anxiety (which included an explicit focus on self-compassion) led to significant improvements in self-compassion, worry, and anxiety (Goodman et al. 2014; for similar results in a controlled study using a non-clinical sample see; Robins et al. 2012).”
Ostaiza-Cardenas, J., Tobar, A. C., Costa, S. C., Calero, D. S., López-Carrera, A., Bermúdez, F. G., & Orellana‐Manzano, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1632999 · Cited by 51
The Adverse Effects of Meditation-Interventions and Mind–Body Practices: a Systematic Review
Taylor, G. B., Vasquez, T. S., Kastrinos, A., Fisher, C. L., Puig, A., & Bylund, C. L. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01915-6 · Cited by 40
Perinatal anxiety: approach to diagnosis and management in the obstetric setting
Thorsness, K. R., Watson, C., & LaRusso, E. M. (2018) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2018.05.017 · Cited by 45
Papini, N. M., Mason, T. B., Herrmann, S. D., & Lopez, N. V. (2022) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.09.010 · Cited by 40
Roy Malis, F., Meyer, T., & Gross, M. M. (2017) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-017-1240-9 · Cited by 36
“Recent studies suggest a relationship between mindfulness and the reduction of perinatal anxiety [10–15], stress [13] and perinatal depression [10, 11, 14, 16, 17].”
BackgroundHaßdenteufel, K., Müller, M., Abele, H., Brucker, S. Y., Graf, J., Zipfel, S., Bauer, A., Jakubowski, P., Pauluschke‐Fröhlich, J., Wallwiener, M., et al. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115599 · Cited by 40
“However, about 80 % of women with peripartum depression the condition remains undetected and thus only 20 % receive appropriate treatment (Goodman et al., 2014; Marcus, 2009; O ’ Connor et al., 2016; Patel and Wisner, 2011).”
InfluentialMüller, M., Matthies, L. M., Goetz, M., Abele, H., Brucker, S. Y., Bauer, A., Graf, J., Zipfel, S., Hasemann, L., Wallwiener, M., et al. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04873-3 · Cited by 33
MacKinnon, A., Madsen, J. W., Giesbrecht, G. F., Campbell, T. S., Carlson, L. E., Dimidjian, S., Letourneau, N. L., Tough, S., & Tomfohr‐Madsen, L. M. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01585-2 · Cited by 38
Moulds, M. L., Bisby, M. A., Black, M., Jones, K. E., Harrison, V., Hirsch, C. R., & Newby, J. M. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.070 · Cited by 34
Lönnberg, G., Jonas, W., Bränström, R., Nissen, E., & Niemi, M. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01403-9 · Cited by 38
“Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) has also been adapted for pregnant women with general anxiety disorder in an intervention called CALM Pregnancy (Goodman et al. 2014).”
MethodHaßdenteufel, K., Feißt, M., Brusniak, K., Lingenfelder, K., Matthies, L. M., Wallwiener, M., & Wallwiener, S. (2020) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-020-05570-x · Cited by 35
Körükcü, Ö., & Kukulu, K. (2017) · Health Care For Women International · doi:10.1080/07399332.2017.1318882 · Cited by 30
“5 hours weekly): integrated MBSR and an empowerment model of childbirth education, using the benefits, risks, alternatives, intuition, nothing (BRAIN) decision-making model (Byrne, Hauck, Fisher, Bayes, & Schutze, 2014); (c) the 10-session mindfulness-based childbirth and parenting program (MBCP) consisting of nine se…”
MethodInfluentialEvans, K., Spiby, H., & Morrell, C. J. (2020) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-020-03469-8 · Cited by 32
Emphasizing mindfulness training in acceptance relieves anxiety and depression during pregnancy
Yang, M., Zhou, X., Ye, C., Li, J., Sun, S., & Yu, X. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114540 · Cited by 29
Nejad, F. K., Alidousti, K., Nejad, P. S., Moghadam, N. K., Jahani, Y., & Divsalar, P. (2020) · PubMed Central · doi:10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2021.62.1.1691 · Cited by 29
“In the study of Goodman et al. (2014), coping with anxiety through living mindfully which is kind of mindfulnessbased cognitive therapy significantly reduces the level Tab.”
BackgroundSacristán-Martín, O., Germán, M. Á. S., García‐Campayo, J., Duncan, L. G., Bardacke, N., Fernández-Alonso, C., Garcia-Sacristan, G., Garcia-Sacristan, D., Barceló‐Soler, A., & Montero‐Marín, J. (2019) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-019-3739-z · Cited by 37
Sbrilli, M. D., Duncan, L. G., Bardacke, N., & Laurent, H. K. (2020) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-020-03318-8 · Cited by 33
Mindful Living in Older Age: a Pilot Study of a Brief, Community-Based, Positive Aging Intervention
Lomas, T., Ivtzan, I., & Yong, C. Y. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0498-8 · Cited by 25
“…among such findings were that mindfulness could: (a) induce a feeling of calm (corroborating the use of MBIs to help deal with anxiety, e.g., Goodman et al., 2014); provide an insitu coping technique to help defuse feelings of anger or stress (cf. the use of MBIs as a tool to help manage…”
BackgroundFactors Associated with Maternal Wellbeing at Four Months Post-Partum in Ireland
Bennett, A., & Kearney, J. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10050609 · Cited by 25
“Maternal distress impairs daily functioning [1,6] and increases the risk of post-partum depression and suboptimal behavioural and emotional development in an infant [6].”
BackgroundLenz, B., Eichler, A., Schwenke, E., Buchholz, V. N., Hartwig, C., Moll, G. H., Reich, K., Mühle, C., Volz, B., Titzmann, A., et al. (2018) · Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · doi:10.1055/a-0677-2630 · Cited by 24
Mindfulness as an Adjunct or Alternative to CBT-I
Ong, J. C., & Kalmbach, D. A. (2023) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.09.002 · Cited by 23
Worries About Labor and Birth: A Population‐Based Study of Outcomes for Young Primiparous Women
Henderson, J., & Redshaw, M. (2016) · Birth · doi:10.1111/birt.12219 · Cited by 21
Huynh, T., Kerr, M. L., Kim, C. N., Fourianalistyawati, E., Chang, V. Y., & Duncan, L. G. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02379-6 · Cited by 38
Aslami, E., Alipour, A., Najib, F. S., & Aghayousefi, A. (2017) · PubMed Central · Cited by 20
Positive prenatal well-being: conceptualising and measuring mindfulness and gratitude in pregnancy
Matvienko‐Sikar, K., Dockray, S., & Hammond, S. (2016) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-016-0620-x · Cited by 20
An investigation of dispositional mindfulness and mood during pregnancy
Krusche, A., Crane, C., & Dymond, M. (2019) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2416-2 · Cited by 21
The approach to managing perinatal anxiety: A mini-review
Silverwood, V., Bullock, L., Turner, K. M., Chew-Graham, C. A., & Kingstone, T. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1022459 · Cited by 18
van der Riet, P., Francis, L., & Rees, A. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1111/scs.12762 · Cited by 22
Fietta, V., Rizzi, S., Luca, C. D., Gios, L., Pavesi, M. C., Gabrielli, S., Monaro, M., & Forti, S. (2024) · JMIR Human Factors · doi:10.2196/64614 · Cited by 15
“How the woman adapts to these changes determines the quality of her life and her levels of well-being [11].”
The relationship of trait mindfulness to physical and psychological health during pregnancy
Mennitto, S., Ditto, B., & Costa, D. D. (2020) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1080/0167482x.2020.1761320 · Cited by 16
Factor Structure and External Validity of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in Pregnancy
Kantrowitz-Gordon, I. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0768-0 · Cited by 16
“Other mindfulness programs have been pilot tested with pregnant women with histories of mental illness, with a goal of relapse prevention rather than childbirth preparation (Dimidjian et al. 2016; Goodman et al. 2014).”
Kalmbach, D. A., Cheng, P., Reffi, A. N., Ong, J. C., Swanson, L. M., Fresco, D. M., Walch, O., Seymour, G. M., Fellman-Couture, C., Bayoneto, A., et al. (2023) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2023.05.026 · Cited by 15
The Role of Mindfulness and Self Compassion toward Depression among Pregnant Women
Fourianalistyawati, E., Uswatunnisa, A., & Chairunnisa, A. (2018) · International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) · doi:10.11591/ijphs.v7i3.11662 · Cited by 15
“Mindfulness interventions conducted by Goodman et al [18] also include self-compassion in the intervention process, with the consideration that self-compassion was an essential component of mindfulnessrelated interventions and was associated significantly with decreased anxiety, depression and overall psychological he…”
MethodUrizar, G. G., Caliboso, M., Gearhart, C., Yim, I. S., & Schetter, C. D. (2019) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198119860559 · Cited by 16
“0 out of 7 assignments), which is below the range reported in other behavioral interventions with mostly non-Hispanic white mothers (50% to 67%; Goodman et al., 2014; Leermakers, Anglin, & Wing, 1998).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialUsing the Penn State Worry Questionnaire in the Peripartum
Voegtline, K., Payne, J. L., Standeven, L. R., Sundel, B., Pangtey, M., & Osborne, L. M. (2021) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2020.8669 · Cited by 19
“39,40 Other studies have used the measure in other ways.”
Lönnberg, G., Niemi, M., Salomonsson, B., Bränström, R., Nissen, E., & Jonas, W. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01658-w · Cited by 18
Wadephul, F., Jones, C., & Jomeen, J. (2016) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare4020032 · Cited by 15
“…in control (4% vs. 20%); no significant difference between groups for depression severity (BDI) or social adjustment at 3 months PN Qualitative Studies Goodman et al. 2014 (US) [58] Coping with anxiety through Living Mindfully (CALM) Pregnancy; mindfulness-based cognitive therapy adapted for…”
BackgroundSchiele, C., Goetz, M., Hassdenteufel, K., Müller, M., Graf, J., Zipfel, S., & Wallwiener, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.939577 · Cited by 12
Postpartum stress in the first 6 months after delivery: a longitudinal study in Nantong, China
Wang, Y., Gu, J. H., Gao, Y., Lu, Y., Zhang, F., & Xu, X. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073796 · Cited by 18
“Patients and/or the public were not involved in the design, or conduct, or reporting, or dissemination plans of this research.”
BackgroundPreventive interventions for perinatal mood and anxiety disorders: A review of selected programs
Werner, E. A., Le, H., Babineau, V., & Grubb, M. D. (2024) · Seminars in Perinatology · doi:10.1016/j.semperi.2024.151944 · Cited by 13
“62 One study on MBCT-PD in perinatal people with bipolar spectrum disorder reported no improvement in mood yet concluded that the applicability of the intervention remained unclear for this population.”
Park, S., Cho, H. Y., Park, J. Y., Chung, K., & Jhung, K. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/56601 · Cited by 15
“The percentage of women in pregnancy who meet 1 or more diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder ranges from 12.2% to 39%, which is 2-3 times higher than the general population [2].”
InfluentialTreatment of anxiety during pregnancy: room to grow
Lemon, E., Vanderkruik, R. C., & Dimidjian, S. (2015) · Archives of Women's Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-015-0514-3 · Cited by 16
Sansone, A., Stapleton, P., Patching, A., & Lawrence, Z. (2024) · OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.21926/obm.icm.2401001 · Cited by 14
Feli, R., Heydarpour, S., Yazdanbakhsh, K., & Heydarpour, F. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-06442-3 · Cited by 12
Development of Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale-TR (IMS-TR): Validity and Reliability
Erus, S. M., & Tekel, E. (2019) · European Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.12973/eu-jer.9.1.103 · Cited by 13
“, 2015; Cenkseven Onder & Utkan, 2018; Chu, 2010; Kabat-Zinn, 2005; Neece, 2014), and anxiety (Goodman et al., 2014; Guardino, Dunkel Schetter, Bower, Lu, & Smalley, 2014; Vieten & Astin, 2008).”
Self-Compassion in Psychotherapy: Clinical Integration, Evidence Base, and Mechanisms of Change
Germer, C. K. (2023) · Mindfulness in behavioral health · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-22348-8_22 · Cited by 16
Doty, M. S., Chen, H.-Y., Ajishegiri, O., Sibai, B. M., Blackwell, S. C., & Chauhan, S. P. (2022) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2022.100562 · Cited by 12
Mindfulness and Transformative Parenting
Whittingham, K. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22255-4_18 · Cited by 11
Mindfulness Scholarship and Interventions: A Review
Ivtzan, I., & Hart, R. (2016) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139871310.002 · Cited by 11
Hudson, C. A., Spry, E., Borschmann, R., Becker, D., Moran, P., Olsson, C. A., Coffey, C., Romaniuk, H., Bayer, J. K., & Patton, G. C. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.11.022 · Cited by 11
“In recent years small trials have assessed psychosocial interventions for anxiety and depression delivered during pregnancy but with mixed results (Austin et al., 2008; Bittner et al., 2014; Goodman et al., 2014; Milgrom et al., 2011).”
BackgroundXavier, S. D., Branquinho, M., Pires, R., Moreira, H., Coelho, M., & Araújo-Pedrosa, A. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-02049-5 · Cited by 15
Treating postpartum mood and anxiety disorders in primary care pediatrics
Umylny, P., Germán, M., & Lantiere, A. (2017) · Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care · doi:10.1016/j.cppeds.2017.08.003 · Cited by 11
Tunnell, N. C., Suterwala, M., & Meuret, A. E. (2019) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.10.004 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Goodman, J. H., Guarino, A., Chenausky, K., Klein, L., Prager, J., Petersen, R., Forget, A., & Freeman, M.
- Affiliations
- MGH Institute of Health Professions (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Goodman, Janice H.
- Venue
- Archives of Women's Mental Health
- Published
- 2014-01-22
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 373-387
- ISSN
- 1434-1816 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-1102
- PMC
- PMC4107206
- OpenAlex
- W2023934072
- Semantic Scholar
- 0bfa7095a5de9d929a203f5edac0d2e356f7810e
- Cited by
- 198
- References
- 112
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 15.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Archives of Women s Mental Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Massachusetts General Hospital
- National Institutes of Health
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R21HD065156)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, perinatal anxiety, pregnancy, generalized anxiety disorder, non-pharmacological treatment, self-compassion, mindfulness, depression, worry, treatment feasibility and acceptability, group therapy
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Anxiety, Depression, Feasibility Studies, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Pilot Projects, Pregnancy, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Perinatal Care, Mindfulness
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